Production and Characterization of Particle Board Laminated with Wall-paper and Wood Veneer

Year 2023, , 211 - 222, 15.08.2023

Orhan Kelleci , Süheyla Esin Köksal , Gül Tekingündüz

https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1239433

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this study, the lamination process on the particle board (PB) surface was carried out during the board production and the possibilities of saving wood raw material, time, labor and cost by producing the board without the need for cooling, sanding and a separate lamination process were investigated. For this purpose, ready-to-use boards were obtained by covering the board surfaces with wallpaper (WP) and beech veneer (BV) with a single hot press process. The boards were obtained by placing wallpaper and beech veneer on the surface of the chipboard draft prepared in a single layer with a thickness of 16 mm and pressing. No fine wood chips were used on the surface. 1mm thickness BV and 300 gr/m2 WP were used to cover the PB surfaces. Urea formaldehyde (UF) was treated the surface of 2 % humid wood chips (CL) according to its dry weight by 10 % and ammonium sulfate (AS) with 4 % according to solid UF. Concentration of UF and AS were 65 % and 30 % before the treated the wood chips. Particle boards were produced at 650 kg/m3, at 190°C for 10 minute, by applying 30 kg/cm2 pressure on PB. Density, water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of rupture and elasticity (MOR and MOE), internal bond (IB), density profile and formaldehyde emission were determined according to the relevant TSE standards. According to the obtained results, IB strength of the coated PBs were lower than the control PB. But MOR and MOE strength were high then control samples due to BV and WP. Formaldehyde emissions of covered PBs were less than control samples. As a result, it was concluded that it is possible to produce the PB by pressing at the same time with coating materials. However, it is not currently suitable for furniture production due to its low IB strength, but it can be used as construction building material such as prefabricated house wall.

Keywords

Formaldehyde emissions, particleboard, production efficiency, wood-based panel.

Duvar Kağıdı ve Ahşap Kaplama ile Lamine Edilen Yonga Levhaların Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu

Abstract

Öz – Bu çalışmada yonga levha yüzeyine laminasyon işlemi levha üretimi sırasında gerçekleştirilmiş ve soğutma, zımparalama ve ayrı bir laminasyon işlemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmadan levha üretilerek odun hammaddesinden, zamandan, işçilikten ve maliyetten tasarruf sağlanma olanakları araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, tek sıcak pres işlemi ile levha yüzeyleri duvar kağıdı (WP) ve kayın kaplama (BV) ile kaplanmış ve kullanıma hazır levhalar elde edilmiştir. Levhalar, tek kat 16 mm kalınlığında hazırlanan yonga levha taslağının yüzeyine duvar kağıdı ve kayın kaplama yerleştirilip preslenerek elde edilmiştir. Yüzeyde ince odun talaşı kullanılmamıştır. Levha yüzeylerini kaplamak için 1mm kalınlıkta kayın kaplama ve 300 gr/m2 duvar kağıdı kullanılmıştır. Levha üretimi için % 2 rutubette talaşa (CL) tam kuru ağırlığına oranla % 10 katı üre formaldehit (UF) ve katı tutkal oranına göre % 4 katı amonyum sülfat (AS) kullanılmıştır. UF ve AS sırasıyla % 65 ve % 30 konsantrasyonda hazırlanarak yongalara basınçlı hava ile püskürtülmüştür. Levhalar 190°C'de, 10 dakika boyunca 30 kg/cm2 basınç uygulanarak 650 kg/m3 yoğunlukta üretilmiştir. Yoğunluk, su alma (WA), kalınlığına şişme (TS), eğilme direnci ve elastikiyet modülü (MOR ve MOE), yüzeye dik yapışma direnci (IB), yoğunluk profili ve formaldehit emisyonu ilgili TSE standartlarına göre belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kaplanmış yonga levhaların yüzeye dik yapışma dirençleri kontrol örneklerinden daha düşük bulunmuştur. Ancak levhaların kayın kaplama ve duvar kağıtları ile kaplanması, eğilme direnci ve elastikiyet modülünün kontrol örneklerinden daha yüksek olmasına sebep olmuştur. Ayrıca kaplanmış levhalarda formaldehit emisyonlarının kontrol örneklerinden daha az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma ile yonga levhaların kaplama malzemeleri ile aynı anda preslenerek üretilmesinin mümkün olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ancak iç yapışma direncinin düşük olması sebebiyle kaplamalı olarak üretilen levhalar mobilya üretimine uygun görülmemekle birlikte bu levhalar prefabrik ev duvarı gibi inşaat yapı malzemesi üretiminde değerlendirilebilecektir.

Keywords

Formaldehit emisyonu, yonga levha, üretim verimliliği, ahşap esaslı panel

References

• Akkılıç, H. (2004). Farklı yüzey malzemeleri ile kaplanan yonga levhaların teknolojik özellikleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 54(2), 109–126.
• Atar, M. (1994). Mobilya Endüstrisinde Hareketli Ahşap Dolap Raflarının Sabit Yükler Altındaki Sehimleri (Master’s thesis). Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences.
• Badila, M., Jocham, C., Zhang, W., Schmidt, T., Wuzella, G., Müller, U. and Kandelbauer, A. (2014). Powder coating of veneered particle board surfaces by hot pressing. Progress in Organic Coatings, 77(10), 1547–1553. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PORGCOAT.2013.09.018
• Budakci, M. (2010). The determınatıon of adhesıon strength of wood veneer and synthetıc resın panel (lamınate) adhesıves. Wood Research, 55(2), 125–136.
• Buyuksari, U. (2012). Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard laminated with thermally compressed veneer. BioResources, 7(1), 1084–1091.
• Büyüksari, Ü., Hiziroglu, S., Akkiliç, H. and Ayrilmiş, N. (2012). Mechanical and physical properties of medium density fiberboard panels laminated with thermally compressed veneer. Composites Part B: Engineering, 43(2), 110–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPOSITESB.2011.11.040
• Büyüksarı, Ü. (2012). Physıcal and mechanıcal propertıes of partıcleboard lamınated wıth thermally compressed veneer. BioResources, 7(1), 1084–1091.
• Cahyono, T. D., Yanti, H., Anisah, L. N., Massijaya, M. Y. and Iswanto, A. H. (2020). Linear Expansion and Durability of a Composite Boards (MDF Laminated Using Three Selected Wood Veneers) against Drywood Termites. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 48(6), 907–916. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.6.907
• Dziurka, D. and Doniesienia, R. (2013). Lightweight boards from wood and rape straw particles. Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty, 56(190), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.051.02
• Eroğlu, H. and Usta, M. (2000). Lif levha üretim teknolojisi, 351s, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Genel Yayın No: 200, Fakülte Yayın No: 30, Trabzon. In dergipark.org.tr (2000th ed., Issue 1). Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi.
• Göker, Y., Kantay, R. and Kurtoğlu, A. (1984). Researches on the technological features of three layered and okal type particleboards. In academia.edu. Istanbul University Faculty of Forestry.
• Gözalan, M. (2016). Yonga levhalarda parafin kullanım miktarının optimizasyonu üzerine araştırmalar (Master’s thesis). Bartin University.
• Güler, C., Karademir, A. and Işik, H. (2015). Yongalevhalarda alkil keten dimer’in alternatif hidrofobik madde olarak kullanimi ve etkisi. Selcuk University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 14(2), 163–170.
• Hoag, M. (1993). Particleboard and medium density fibreboard: surface-testing substrates for laminating applications. European Plastic Laminates Forum, Germany, 33–40.
• Hwang, G. S., Wang, E. I. C. and Su, Y. C. (2006). Preparation of composite board using foil-laminated and plastic-laminated liquid packaging paperboard as raw materials. Journal of Wood Science, 52(3), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10086-005-0757-0/METRICS
• İstek, A., Gözalan, M. and Özlüsoylu, İ. (2017). Yonga levha özelliklerine yüzey kaplama veya boyama işlemlerinin etkisi. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 17(4), 619–629. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.180279
• İstek, A., Özlüsoylu, İ. and Gözalan, M. (2017). Yonga levha özelliklerine yüzey kaplama veya boyama işlemlerinin etkisi. Kastamonu Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(4), 619–629. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.180279
• Ibrisevic, A., Obucina, M. and Hajdarevic, S. (2019). Effect of Particleboard Coating on Flexual Strength and Modulus of Elasticity. In Proceedings of the 30th International DAAAM Symposium, 892–0896. https://doi.org/10.2507/30th.daaam.proceedings.124
• Istek, A., Aydemir, D. and Aksu, S. (2010). The effect of decor paper and resin type on the physical, mechanical, and surface quality properties of particleboards coated with impregnated decor papers. BioResources, 5(2), 1074–1083.
• Kalaycıoğlu, H. (1997). OSB Levhaları (Yönlendirilmiş Yongalevhalar). Faculty of Forestry, Spring Term Seminar Serial, 120–125.
• Kara, M., İstek, A. and Esgin, E. (2014). The effect of lamination conditions on surface characteristics of particleboard. 3rd International Non-Wood Forest Products Symposıum, 1031–1037.
• Karabulut, A. (2022). Yer Fıstığı Kabuğundan Yanmaz, Su Tutmaz Polimerik Kompozit Yonga Levha Üretimi. Politeknik Dergisi, 25(2), 685–689. https://doi.org/10.2339/POLITEKNIK.845419
• Kartal, S. (2001). Wettebality, water absorption and thickness swelling of particleboard made from remediated CCA-treated wood. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 51(1), 53–62.
• Kim, K., Kim, S., Kim, H. and Park, J. (2010). Formaldehyde and TVOC emission behaviors according to finishing treatment with surface materials using 20 L chamber and FLEC. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177(1-3), 90-94., 177(1–3), 90–94.
• Kılıç, İ. (2006). Determining the adhesion strength of veneer on some wood-based boards (Master’s thesis). Gazi Üniversity.
• Muğla, K., İstek, A. and Yazıcı, H. (2014). MDF levhalarda farklı kaplamaların yüzey kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi. 1. Ulusal Meslek Yüksekokulları Sosyal ve Teknik Bilimler Kongresi (MESTEK), 464–469.
• Nemli, G. and Çolakoǧlu, G. (2005). The influence of lamination technique on the properties of particleboard. Building and Environment, 40(1), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUILDENV.2004.05.007
• Nemli, G. and Demirel, S. (2007). Relationship between the density profile and the technological properties of the particleboard composite. Journal of Composite Materials, 41(15), 1793–1802. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998307069892
• Nemli, G., Demirel, S. and Zekoviç, E. (2006). Yonga rutubeti, parafin kullanımı ve ağaç cinsinin yongalevhanın bazı teknolojik özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 81–93.
• Nemli, G., Gezer, E. D. and Hiziroǧlu, S. (2003). The changes in important quality properties of continuous pressed laminates (CPL) with some changes in thickness and press parameters. Building and Environment, 38(7), 913–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(03)00030-1
• Nemli, G., Örs, Y. and Kalaycioǧlu, H. (2005). The choosing of suitable decorative surface coating material types for interior end use applications of particleboard. Construction and Building Materials, 19(4), 307–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2004.07.015
• Özkan, E., Arpaci, Ş. S. and Tomak, D. (2020). Atık yağ ile emprenye işleminin ahşap malzemenin fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi. Ağaç ve Orman, 1(1), 36–41.
• Park, B. D., Kang, E. C., Lee, S. M. and Park, J. Y. (2016). Formaldehyde Emission of Wood-Based Composite Panels with Different Surface Lamination Materials Using Desiccator Method. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 44(4), 600–606.
• Park, J. Y., Lee, S. M., Park, B. D., Lim, J. Y., Jang, S. G. and Kim, S. (2013). Effect of surface laminate type on the emission of volatile organic compounds from wood-based composite panels. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 27(5–6), 620–631.
• Roffael, E., Dix, B. and Okum, J. (2000). Use of spruce tannin as a binder in particleboards and medium density fiberboards (MDF). Holz Als Roh-Und Werkstoff, 58(5), 301-305.
• Rowell, R., Imamura, Y., Kawai, S. and Norimoto, M. (1989). Dimensional stability, decay resistance, and mechanical properties of veneer-faced low-density particleboards made from acetylated wood. Wood and Fiber Science, 21(1), 67–79.
• Schwarz, F. E., Andersen, R. L. and Kageler, A. G. (1968). Resin distribution and how variations affect board quality. Proceedings of the Second Particleboard Symposium, 7–29.
• Shishlov, O. F., Baulina, N. S., Glukhikh, V. v., O. S. El’tsov, Shafran, Y. M., Buryndin, V. G. and Stoyanov, O. v. (2021). Synthesis of Cardanol-Containing Resols for Producing Phenolic Films: Protective Coatings for Wood Composites. Polymer Science-Series D, 14(3), 328–334.
• Sparkes, T. (1993). Substrate selection for end use applications. European Plastic Laminates Forum, 27–31.
• Sun, X., Shao, K. and Wang, T. (2016). Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled breath as noninvasive methods for cancer diagnosis. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 408, 2759-2780.
• TS 4894. Wood based panels- Determination of formaldehyde content- Extraction method called the perforator method, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara-Turkey, 1999.
• TS EN 310. Wood-based panels- Determination of modulus of elasticity in bending and of bending strength, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara-Turkey, 1999.
• TS EN 317. Particleboards and fiberboards- Determination of swelling in thickness after immersion in water, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara-Turkey, 2005.
• TS EN 319. Particleboards and fiberboards-Determination of internal bonding strength, Turkish Standards, Ankara-Turkey, 1999.
• TS EN 322. Ahşap esaslı levhalar-Rutubet miktarının tayini, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara-Turkey, 1999.
• TS EN 323. Wood- Based panels- Determination of density, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara-Turkey, 1999.
• TS EN 325. Wood-based panels- Determination of dimensions of test pieces, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara-Turkey, 2012.
• TS EN 326. Wood-based panels- Sampling, cutting and inspection-sampling test pieces and expression of test results, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara-Turkey, 1999.
• Ulker, O. C., Ulker, O. and Hiziroglu, S. (2021). Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted from Coated Furniture Units. Coatings, 11(7), 806.
• Vansteenkiste, R. (1981). Surface treatment of wood based panels. Seminar on Wood Based Panels and Furniture Industries.
• Wong, E. D., Zhang, M., Wang, Q. and Kawai, S. (1999). Formation of the density profile and its effects on the properties of particleboard. Wood Science and Technology, 33(4), 327–340.
• Zhang, J. and Smith, K. R. (2003). Indoor air pollution: A global health concern. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1), 209–225.