Kentsel Kimliğin ve Bileşenlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Erbil Örneği

Year 2022, , 157 - 176, 15.04.2022

Darbaz Pirot Ahmed Mankuri , Yasin Dönmez

https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.955905

Abstract

Bileşen ve ahlaki değerlerle ilgili en belirgin ilkeler tarihi ve mimari özelliklerdir. Bu özellik ve değerler, tarih yolculuğundan kazanılan kimliklerdir. Kent kimliği kavramı, unsurların insanlar üzerindeki etkisine atıfta bulunmaktadır. Kentsel kimlik, çevresel kimlik ve sosyal kimlikler olmak üzere iki ana gruba ayrılır. Bu araştırmanın metodolojisi iki aşamada özetlenmiştir. Birinci aşamada, kentlerin kimliği, unsurları ve kentlerin kimlik bileşenlerinin oluşumu hakkında literatür taraması yapılmıştır. İkinci aşama ise sorgulamaya dayalı aşamadır. Bu amaçla bazı görsel analizler (fotoğraflar, haritalar, gözlemler) yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma, “Kentlerin kimlik bileşenleri nelerdir?” sorusuna yanıt bulmaya çalışmaktadır.Bu çerçevede, kent kimliğini gelişme sürecinde incelemek için kentin zengin bir tarihsel ve mekânsal bağlamı olmalıdır. Bu amaçla, çalışma konusu olarak Erbil Antik Kenti ve tarihi Erbil kenti seçilmiştir. Çalışma, "Erbil kalesi / Tajeel, Mustawfi Araban ve Khanaqa semtinin Erbil'in kentsel kimliğinin bileşenlerini yerine getirdiği" hipotezine dayanmaktadır. Şehirler tarih, kültür, mimari ve kimlik gibi ortak özelliklere sahip olabilir. Ancak, doğal kaynaklar, insanlık yerleşimi, kültürel arka planlar, tarihi çekirdekler ve şekiller gibi fiziksel yönlerde farklılıklar vardır. Bu varyasyonlar farklı kimliği tanımlar. Başka bir deyişle, bir şehrin farklı özellikleri o şehrin benzersiz bir kimliğini oluşturur. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın kentin kimliğinin anlaşılmasına yardımcı olacağı varsayılmıştır. Kale/Büyük Çarşı alanının kimlik bileşenleri açısından incelenmesinin planlama ve karar verme uygulamalarını kolaylaştıracağı düşünülmüştür. Ayrıca, kimliğin kentin marka değerine ilişkin farkındalık düzeyini artıracağına dair yaygın bir kanı vardır.

Keywords

Tarihi bölgeler, Kimlik, kent kimliği, bir şehrin kültürel değerleri, Erbil, Erbil kalesi

Assessment of Urban Identity and Its Components: A Case Study of Erbil

Abstract

The most prominent principles related to the component and moral values are historical and architectural characteristics. These features and values are identities gained from the journey of history. The concept of Urban identity refers to the impact of elements on people. Urban identity is classified into two main groups: environmental identity and social identities. The methodology of this research is summarized into two stages. In the first stage, a literature survey was conducted about the identity of cities, elements, and establishment of the identity components of cities. The second stage is based on questioning. Some visual analyses (photographs, maps, observations) were conducted for this goal. This study is trying to answer this question: "What are the identity components of the cities?". In this framework, the city should be a rich historical and spatial context to examine urban identity in the development process. For this purpose, Erbil Ancient City and the historic city of Erbil were chosen as the study topic. The study is based on the hypothesis that "Erbil citadel / Tajeel, Mustawfi Araban and Khanaqa district fulfils the components of the urban identity of the Erbil". Cities can have common characteristics such as history, culture, architecture, and identity. However, there are differences in natural resources, humanity settlement, cultural backgrounds, historical cores, and physical aspects like shapes. These variations define different identities. In other words, the diverse characteristics of a city create a unique identity of that city. Therefore, it assumed that this study would help understand the city's identity. It thought that examining the citadel / big Bazar area regarding identity components would facilitate the application of planning and decision making. Also, there is a common belief that identity will increase awareness level about the city's brand value.

Keywords

Identity, urban identity, cultural values of a town, Erbil, Erbil citadel, historical zones

References

• Al-Rawı, M. (2015). Erbil: Ancient City and “Second Dubai”. GEOExPro, 12(1): 84-85.
• Dönmez, Y. and Türkmen, F. (2015). The role of landscaping in the purchasing decision of tourists: The case of Belek. Tourism Academic Journal, 2(2).
• Dönmez, Y. and Türkmen, F. (2018). The relation between the landscape design and brand image in purchase preferences of tourists: the case of Safranbolu and Nevşehir, in Turkey. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research,16(1):629-643.
• Duhl, L. J., Sanchez and A. K. (1999). Healthy cities and the city planning process: a background document on links between health and urban planning (No. EUR/ICP/CHDV 03 04 03). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
• Husseın, F., Stephens, J. and Tıwarı, R. (2020). Cultural Memories and Sense of Place in Historic Urban Landscapes: The Case of Masrah Al Salam, the Demolished Theatre Context in Alexandria, Egypt. Land, 9(8): 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9080264
• Ibrahım, H. (2020). Approach Based on Traditional Architecture Indicators to Strengthen Urban Identity in Diverse Cities. In: Design of Cities and Buildings-Sustainability and Resilience in the Built Environment. IntechOpen.
• Ibrahım, R., Mushatat, S. and Abdelmonem, M. G., (2014). Authenticity, identity and sustainability in post-war Iraq: reshaping the urban form of Erbil city. Journal of Islamic Architecture, 3(2), 58-68.
• Jarah, S. H. A., Zhou, B., Abdullah, R. J., Lu, Y. and Yu, W. (2019). Urbanization and Urban Sprawl Issues in City Structure: A Case of the Sulaymaniah Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Sustainability, 11(2), 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020485
• Jawhar, S. S. (2018).The Effect of The Roof and Glazing Type of Traditional Courtyard Houses on Energy Efficiency. A Case of Erbil City, Iraq. Master thesis. Near East University, Nicosia.
• Köse, B. Ve Dönmez, Y. (2021). Mahalle Ölçeğinde Kültürel Değerlerin Kent Kimliğine Etkileri: Kale Mahallesi-Samsun. Kent Akademisi, 14 (4), 1156-1190. DOI: 10.35674/kent.955281
• KRG, (2007). Erbil: statistic year book. Ministry Of Planning, Regional Statistical Office.
• Mıronowıcz, I. and Ryser, J. (2011). The prospect of Transformation. Urban Change.
• Nooraddin, H. (2012). Architectural identity in an era of change. Developing Country Studies, 2(10), 81-96.
• Ozaslan, N. (1996). Historic urban fabric: Source of inspiration for contemporary city form. (Dept. of Architecture. Unpublished Ph. D). University of York.
• Ozturk, S., Isinkaralar, O. and Ayan, E. (2018). Visibility Analysis in Historical Environments: The case of Kastamonu Castle and its Surrounding. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 8(4), 405-412.
• Ozturk, S., Isinkaralar, O., Yilmaz, D. and Cicek, E. (2021). Tourists’ Perspective of Cultural Heritage Areas: Importance-Performance Analysis of Safranbolu. Research&Reviews in Architecture, Planning and Design, Gece Akademi, 133-155.
• Ozturk, S., Isinkaralar, O., Yilmaz, D. and İhtiyar, M. (2020). As A Protection Approach, The Historical Route Which is Converting to The Cultural Route: The Case of Kastamonu. Turar Journal of Tourism and Research, 9(2), 144-159.
• Ökesli, D. S., Gürçınar, Y. (2012). An Investigation of Urban Image and Identity Findings from Adana. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(1), 37-52.
• Öztürk, S. ve Işınkaralar, Ö. (2019). Kastamonu kent merkezinde otopark sorunsalı: Eleştirel bir değerlendirme. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(67), 506-511.
• Öztürk, S., Işınkaralar, Ö. and Yılmaz, D. (2021). Perceptions and Attitudes of Local People After Restoration Works (The Case of Kayseri Castle). Journal of Eastern Geography, 26(45),183-194.
• Pınho, P. and Olıveıra, V. (2010). Bringing City Form Back in city 3rd Annual Conference on Planning Research.
• Rasul, A., Balzter, H. and Smith, C. (2016). Diurnal and seasonal variation of surface urban cool and heat islands in the semi-arid city of Erbil, Iraq. Climate, 4(3), 42.
• Rifaioğlu, M. N. and Şahin, Güçhan, N. (2007). The Concept of Identity and Its Identification Process in Urban Conservation Projects. In An International Conference of CSAAR on Regional Architecture and Identity in the Age of Globalization. 3: 1099-1111.
• Sağlık, E. and Kelkıt, A. (2017). Evaluation of Urban Identity and Its Components in Landscape Architecture. Uluslararası Peyzaj Mimarlığı Araştırmaları Dergisi (IJLAR), 1(1), 36-39.
• URL1. https://su.edu.krd/about/history/erbil , Salahaddin university Erbil,(10.04.2021).
• URL2. https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/agsphoto/id/21012/, Uwm Mılwaukee, Uwm Lıbrarıes Dıgıtal Collectıons, (25.04.2021).
• Yaldız, E., Aydın, D. and Sıramkaya, S. B. (2014). Loss of city identities in the process of change: the city of Konya-Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 221-233.
• Yilmaz, D. and Isinkaralar, O. (2021). How Can Natural Environment Scoring Tool (Nest) be Adapted for Urban Parks?. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 7(2), 127-139.
• Zineb, S. and Dönmez, Y. (2021). Urban Identity and Environmental Perception in Annaba, Algeria. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 7(2), 83-99.