ÇALIŞMA YAŞAM KALİTESİ VE PROAKTİF ÇALIŞMA DAVRANIŞININ BİREYSEL VE KURUMSAL DEĞİŞKENLERLE İLİŞKİLERİ

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 779 - 811, 16.09.2020

Şebnem Aslan , Seda Uyar

https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.v20i56819.787410

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, çalışma yaşam kalitesi ve proaktif çalışma davranışının bireysel ve kurumsal değişkenlerle ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda örgütsel literatürde çalışma ilişkilerini etkilediği düşünülen çalışma yaşam kalitesi, proaktif çalışma davranışı, algılanan kurumsal itibar, istismarcı yönetim, pozitif-negatif duygu ve benzerlik-bütünleyici uyum değişkenlerinin ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, İç Anadolu Bölgesinden Ankara ve Marmara Bölgesinden İstanbul olmak üzere iki bölgeden rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen özel hastanelerde farklı dallarda çalışan 705 sağlık çalışanı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda sağlık çalışanlarının çalışma yaşam kalitesi ile proaktif çalışma davranışı ve uyum arasında pozitif; istismarcı yönetim arasında da negatif yönde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Proaktif çalışma davranışı pozitif duygu ve uyum ile pozitif; istismarcı yönetim ve algılanan kurumsal itibar arasında da negatif yönde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca algılanan kurumsal itibar ile uyum arasında pozitif; istismarcı yönetim arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Çalışma Yaşam Kalitesi, Proaktif Çalışma Davranışı, Algılanan Kurumsal İtibar, İstismarcı Yönetim, Benzerlik ve Bütünleyici Uyum

References

• Adhikari, D.R. ve Dhruba K.G. (2010), Labor Legislations for İmproving Quality of Work Life in Nepal. International Journal of Law and Management, 52, 40–53.
• Acaray, A. (2019), İstismarcı Yönetici Algısının Kişisel Başarı Hissinde Azalma Üzerine Etkisinde Duygusal Tükenmenin Aracı Rolü. OPUS– Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12, 2528-9535.
• Akdoğan, A. ve Cingöz, A. (2006), İç Girişimciliğe Verilen Önem Düzeyi ve İç Girişimciliği Etkileyen Örgütsel Faktörlerin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Kayseri İlinde Bir Araştırma. Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi Uluslararası Girişimcilik Kongresi, Bildiriler Kitabı, Bişkek. 25-27.
• Akhigbe, O.J., Godwin, O.N., Akhere, A.P, Joy, I. ve Ashely, L. (2014), Prosocial Behaviour and Organisational Commitment in The Nigerian Public Sector. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), 5, 154-165.
• Alnıaçık, U., Cigerim, E., Akcin, K. ve Bayram, O. (2011), Independent and Joint Effects of Perceived Corporate Reputation, Affective Commitment and Job Satisfaction on Turnover İntentions. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 24, 1177-1189.
• Altuntaş, G. ve Dönmez, D. (2010), Girişimcilik Yönelimi ve Örgütsel Performans İlişkisi: Çanakkale Bölgesinde Faaliyet Gösteren Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 39, 1303- 1732.
• Ambrose, M.L. Arnaud, A. ve Schminke, M. (2007), İndividual Moral Development and Ethical Climate: The İnfluence of Person –Organization Fit on Job Attitudes. Journal of Business Ethics, 77, 323-333.
• Anca, E.C. ve Roderick, J.B., (2007), The İnfluence of Brand İmage and Company Reputation Where Manufacturers Market to Small Firms: A Customer Value Perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 36, 230-240.
• Aryee, S., Sun, L.Y., Chen, Z.X.G. ve Debrah, Y.A. (2008), Abusive Supervision and Contextual Performance: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion and The Moderating Role of Work Unit Structure. Management and Organization Review, 4, 393-411.
• Ashford, B. (1994), Petty Tyranny in Organizations, Human Relations, 47, 755–778.
• Aykut, S. (2007), Örgütsel Adalet, Birey-Örgüt Uyumu ile Çalışanların İşle İlgili Tutumları. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yeditepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Backhaus, K. (2003), Importance of Person-Organization Fit to Job Seekers. Career Development International, 8, 21-26.
• Ballou, B. ve Godwin, N.H. (2007), Quality of Work Life: Have You Invested in Your Organisation’s Future? Strategic Finance, 41–45.
• Bateman, T. ve Crant, J. (1993), The Proactive Component of Oganizational Behavior: A Measure and Correlates. Journal of Organızatıonal Behavıor, 14, 103-118.
• Basso, M.R., Schefft, B.K., Ris, M.D. ve Demper, W.N. (1996), Mood and Global-Local Visual Processing. Journal Of The International Neuropsycological Society, 2, 249-255.
• Bekiş, T., Bayram, A. ve Şeker, M. (2013), Kurumsal İtibarın İşgören Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 5, 19-27.
• Bozkır, H. S. (2014), Dönüşümcü Liderlik ile İş Tatmini Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Kamu ve Özel Sektör Çalışanlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. İstanbul: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı.
• Bircan, N. (2014), Stresin Hemşirelerde Çalışma Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Buluç, B. (2009), Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Algılarına Göre Okul Müdürlerinin Liderlik Stilleri ile Örgütsel Bağlılık Arasındaki İlişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 15(1), 5-34.
• Briner, R.B. (1999), The Neglect and İmportance of Emotion at Work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8, 323-346.
• Brief AP, Burke MJ, George JM, Robinson BS, Webster J, 1988. Should negative affectivity remain an unmeasured variable in the study of job stress? Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 193-198.
• Bright, L. (2007), Does Person-Organization Fit Mediate the Relationship Between Public Service Motivation and The Job Performance of Public Employees? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 27, 361-379.
• Burtson, P.L. ve Stichler, J.F. (2010), Nursing Work Enviroment and Nurse Caring: Relationship Among Motivational Factors. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 66 (88), 1819-1831.
• Cable, D.M. ve Edwards, J.R. (2004), Complementary and Supplementary Fit: A Theoretical and Empirical İntegration. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 822– 834.
• Can, A. (1991), Çalışma Hayatının Kalitesinin Geliştirilmesi. I. Verimlilik Kongresi. Milli Prodüktivite Merkezi Yayınları: 454, 89-99. (27- 29 Kasım), Ankara.
• Cascio, W.F. (1989), Managing human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits. Second Edition. Newyork, MCGraw-Hill.
• Clark, L.A. ve Watson, D. (1991), Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression: Psychometric Evidence and Taxonomic İmplications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316-336.
• Carmeli, A. ve Tishler, A. (2005), Perceived Organizational Reputation And Organizational Performance: An Empirical İnvestigation of İndustrial eenterprises. Corporate Reputation Review, 8, 1, 13-30.
• Clayton, S. (2000), Yönetim (Sharpen your team’s skills in supervision). (Çev. Mehmet Zaman), İstanbul: Hayat Yayıncılık.
• Clercq, D.D. ve Rius, I.B. (2007), Organizational Commitment in Mexican Smalland Medium-Sized Firms: The Role of Workstatus, Organizational Climate, and Entrepreneurial Orientation. Journal of Small Business Management, 45, 467–490.
• Comrey, A.L. ve Lee, H.B. (1992), A First Course in Factor Analysis. Second Edition. London and New York, Routledge.
• Cooper, C.L,. ve Marshall, J.G. (1976), Occupational Sources of Stress: A Review of The Literature Relative to Coronary Heart Disease and Mental Ill Health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 49, 11-28.
• Coups, E.J. ve Ostroff, J.S. (2005), A Population-Based Estimate of The Prevalence of Behavioral Risk Factors Among Adult Cancer Survivors and Noncancer Controls. Preventive Medicine, 40, 702-711.
• Covey, S.R. (2015), Etkili İnsanların 7 Alışkanlığı. (Çev. Osman Deniztekin ve Filiz Nayır Deniztekin), 51. Baskı, İstanbul, Varlık Yayınları, s. 81-82.
• Crant, J. (1995), The Proactive Personality Scale and Objective Job Performance Among Real Estate Agents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 532-537.
• Crawford, J.R. ve Henry, J.D. (2004), The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Construct Validity, Measurement Properties and Normative Data in A Large Non-Clinical Sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 245-265.
• Cole, D.C., Robson, L.S., Lemieux-Charles, L., McGuire, W., Sicotte, C. ve Cham-pagne, F. (2005), Quality of Working Life İndicators in Canadian Health Care Organizations: A Tool for Healty He-Althcare Workplaces? Occupational medicine, 55, 54-59.
• Çınaroğlu, S. ve Şahin, B. (2012), Kurumsal İtibar ve İmajın Hastanelerin Performansı ile İlişkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 30, 27-55.
• Çini, P.E. (2014), Yönetici ve Çalışanların Proaktif Kişilik Özellikleri ve İlişkisel Bağımlı Benlik Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Maltepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Darolia, C.R., Kumari, P. ve Darolia, S. (2010), Perceived Organizational Support, Work Motivation, and Organizational Commitment As Determinants of Job Performance. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36, 69-78.
• Diamond, L.M. ve Aspinwall, L.G. (2003), Emotion Regulation Across The Life Span: An İntegrative Perspective Emphasizing Self-Regulation, Positive Affect, and Dyadic Processes. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 125-156.
• Diener, E. ve Emmons, R.A. (1984), The İndependence of Positive and Negative Affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1105-1117.
• Doğan, Y. ve Özdevecioğlu, M. (2009). Pozitif ve Negatif Duygusalliğin Çalişanlarin Performanslari Üzerindeki Etkisi. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1, 165-190.
• Dörtok, A. (2004), Kurumsal İtibarınızdan Kaç Sıfır Atabilirsiniz. Birinci Baskı, İstanbul, Rota Yayın Yapım Tanıtım Ticaret Ltd. Şti.
• Edwards, J.R. (1991), Person–Job fit: A Conceptual İntegration, Literature Review, and Methodological Critique. International Review Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology, 6, 283–357.
• Elma, C. ve Demir, K. (2003), Yönetimde Çağdaş Yaklaşımlar: Uygulamalar ve Sorunlar. 2. Baskı. Ankara, Anı Yayınları, s. 44.
• Fombrun, C.J. (1996), Reputation: Realizing Value from the Corporate Image, Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Press, p.55.
• Fombrun, C.J. ve Van Riel, C.B.M. (1997), The Reputational Landscape. USA: Corporate Reputation Review Journal, 1, 6–13.
• Forgas, J. (1995), Mood and Judgment: The Affective İnfusion Model (Aim). Psychology Bulletin, 117, 39-66.
• Forgas, J.P., Bower, G.H. ve Moylan, S.J. (1990), Praise or Blame? Affective İnfluences on Attributions For Achivement. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 59, 809-819.
• Fredrickson, B.L. ve Joiner, T. (2002), Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-Being. Psychological Science, 13, 172-175.
• Frese, M. ve Fay, D. (2001), Personal İnitiative: An Active Performance Concept for Work in The 21st Century. In: Research in organizational behavior. Ed: Staw BM, Sutton RI, 23, 133–187.
• Furnham, A. ve Schaeffer, R. (1984), Person-Environment Fit, Job Satisfaction and Mental Health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 57, 295-307. George, J. M. (1996), Group Affective Tone. Handbook of Work Group Psychology, 75, 77-94.
• George, J.M. ve Brief, P.A. (1992), Feeling Good-Doing Good: A Conceptual Analysis of The Mood at Work-Organizational Spontaneity Relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 98-116.
• Gillet, N., Gagné, M., Sauvagère, S. ve Fouquereau, E. (2013), The Role of Supervisor Autonomy Support, Organizational Support, and Autonomous and Controlled Motivation in Predicting Employees' Satisfaction and Turnover İntentions. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22, 450-460
• Gotsi, M. ve Wilson, A. (2001), Corporate Reputation: Seeking a Definition. Corporate Communications, 6, 24-30.
• Göksan, A. (2019), Liderlik Stillerinin İş-Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. İstanbul T.C. Maltepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Guthrie, J.P. (2000), Alternative Pay Practices and Employee Turnover: An Organization Economics Perspective. Group & Organization Management, 25, 419-439. Harris, D.H. (2000), The Benefits of Exit İnterviews. Information Systems Management, 17, 17-20.
• Harvey, P., Stoner, J., Hochwarter, W. ve Kacmar, C. (2007), Coping With Abusive Supervision: The Neutralizing Effects of İngratiation and Positive Affect on Negative Employee Outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 264-280.
• Haryanto, B. ve Cahyono, E. (2019), Relationship Between Abusive Supervision and Performance: The Role of Gender. European Research Studies Journal, 22, 305-311.
• Hatipoğlu, Z. ve Zengin, A. A. (2018), Algılanan Liderlik Stilinin İş Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi: X ve Y Kuşakları Arası Karşılaştırma. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (FESA), 3(2), 400-421.
• Herbig, P. ve Milewicz, J. (1993), The Relationship of Reputation Andcredibility to Brand Success. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 10, 5-10.
• Ilies, R. Judge, .TA. (2002), Understanding the Dynamic Relationships Among Personality, Mood, and Job Satisfaction: A Field Experience Sampling Study. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89, 1119-1139.
• Isaksson, K. (1990), A Longitudinal Study of The Relationship Between Frequent Job Changeand Psychological Well-being. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 297-308.
• Isen, A.M. (1993), Positive Affect and Decision Making, Handbook of Emotions, New York.
• Iverson, R.D., Olekalns, M. ve Erwin, P.J. (1998), Affectivity, Organizational Stressors, And Absenteeism: A Causal Model Of Burnout And İts Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 52, 1-23.
• İncir, G. (1991), Çalışma Yaşamının Kalitesinin Geliştirilmesi -Bir Örnekçe-, 3. Ergonomi Kongresi, (ss: 230-243), Milli Prodüktivite Merkezi Yayınları, Ankara.
• Kadıbeşegil, S. (2013), İtibar Yönetimi. 7. Baskı. İstanbul, Media Cat Kitapları, s. 42.
• Kaighobadi, S., Esteghlal, A. ve Mohebbi, S. (2014), The Relationship Between Quality of Work Life and Performance of The Managers of Smes of Shiraz Industrial Town: Case Study in Iran. European Journal of Business and Management. 6, 127-134.
• Kaushik, N. ve Tonk, M.S. (2008), Personality and Quality of Work Life. ICFAI Journal of Organizational Behavior, VII (3), 34–46.
• Kelloway, E.K., Sivanathan, N., Francis, L. ve Barling, J. (2005), Poor Leadership. Handbook of Work Stress. California, Sage Publications, 89-112.
• Kristof-Brown, A.L. (2000), Perceived Applicant Fit: Distinguishing Between Recruiters’ Perceptions of Person-Job and Person-Organization Fit. Personnel Psychology, 53, 643-671.
• Kristof, A.L. (1996), Person-Organization Fit: An İntegrative Review of İts Conceptualizations, Measurement, and İmplications. Personnel Psychology, 49, 1-49.
• Lauver, K.J. ve Kristof-Brown, A. (2001), Distinguishing Between Employees’ Perceptions of Person-Job and Person-Organization Fit. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 59, 454-470.
• Leventhal, H. ve Scherer, K. (1987), The Relationship of Emotion to Cognition: A Functional Approach to A Semantic Controversy. Cognition and Emotion, 1, 3-28.
• Levin, I. ve Stokes, J.P. (1989), Dispositional Approach to Job Satisfaction: Role of Negative Affectivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 752-758.
• Liou, K.T. (1998), Employee Turnover İntention and Professional Orientation: A Study of Detention Workers. Public Administration Quarterly, 22. 161-175.
• Louisot, J. (2005), Risk management in Practice: Reputation. http://www. riskmanagementmagazine.com.au/articles/67/0c02 c 967. asp?type=125&category=1239.
• Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. ve Diener, E. (2005), The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803-855.
• Mackay, G. ve Risk, M. (2001), Building Quality Practice Settings: An Attributes Model. Canadian Journal of Nursing Leadership, 14, 19-27.
• Nguyen, B., Chang, K., Rowley, C. ve Japutra, A. (2016), Organizational Citizenship Behavior, İdentification, Psychological Contract and Leadership Frames: The Example of Primary School Teachers İn Taiwan. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 8, 260-280.
• Ouyang, K., Lam, W. ve Wang, W. (2015), Roles of Gender and İdentification on Abusive Supervision and Proactive Behavior. Asia Pac Manag 32, 671-691.
• Özen, D.Ş. veTemizsu, E. (2010), Anksiyete ve Depresif Bozukluklarda Örtüşen ve Ayrışan Belirtiler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2, 1¬-14.
• Parker, S.K. ve Collins, C.G. (2010) Taking Stock: İntegrating and Differentiating Multiple Proactive Behaviors. Journal of Management, 36, 633-662.
• Piasentin, K.A. (2007), How do Employees Conceptualize Fit Development of A Multidimensional Measure of Subjective Person-Organization Fit. Doctoral Thesis, Niversity of Calgary, Department of Psychology.
• Rayner, J. (2004), Managing Reputational Risk. Ağustos 10, 2019, http://www.eurolog.co.uk
• Robbins, S.P. ve Coulter, M. (1999), Management. 6th Edition. New Jersey, Prentice Hall, p.52.
• Reena, G. ve Jayan, C. (2012), Role of Quality of Work Life on The Job Attitude and Personal Effectiveness of Engineering College Teachers. South Asian Academic Research Journals, Academicia 2 (6).
• Roberts, P. Dowling, G. (2002), Corporate Reputation and Sustained Superior Financial Performance. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 1141 – 1158. Runcie, J.F. (1980), Dynamic-Systems and The Quality of Work Life. Personnel, 57(6), 13-24.
• Safran, D.J. ve Greenberg, S.L. (1991), Emotion in Human Functioning: Theory and Therapeutic İmplications, Emotion, Psychotherapy, and Change, New York-The Guilford Press.
• Spector, P. E. (1997), Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Causes, And Consequences. Sage Publications, 3.
• Schneider, B., Goldstein, H.W. ve Smith, D.B. (1995), The ASA Framework: an Update. Personnel Psychology, 48, 747-773.
• Schilesinger, L.A. (1982) Ouality of Work Life and The Supervisor. New York: Praeger. Praeger Publishers, p. 15.
• Schulze, N. (1998), Yaşam Kalitesini Yükselten Temel Unsurlar Olarak İşin İnsancıllaştırılması. 6. Ergonomi Kongresi, M.P.M. yayınları, No: 62, Ankara.
• Sheehan, N.T. (2010) Reputation as a Driver in Activity Level Analysis: Reputation and Competitive Advantage in Knowledge İntensive Firms. Corporate Reputation Review, 13, 198-208.
• Shoss, M.K., Eisenberger, R., Restubog, S.L.D. ve Zagenczyk, T.J. (2013), Blaming the Organization for Abusive Supervision: The Roles of Perceived Organizational Support and Supervisor's Organizational Embodiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98, 158-168.
• Steiger, J.H. (1994), Factor Analysis in The 1980’s and The 1990’s: Some Old Debates and Some New Developments. Trends and Perspectives in Empirical Social Research, 201–224.
• Stevens, J.P. ve Pituch, K.A. (2009), Applied Multivariate Statistics for The Social Sciences. Sixth Edition. London and New York, Taylor&Francis Group. Tavmergen, İ. (2000), Turizm Sektörü ve Çalışma Hayatında Kalite. Standart Dergisi, 39, 47-50.
• Tepper, B.J. (2000), Consequences of Abusive Supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 178-190.
• Teryima, S.V., Faajir, A. ve John, E. (2016), Examining Employee Quality of Work Life (Qwl) As A Determinant of Managerial Effectiveness in Business Organizations: A Study of Nigeria Breweries Plc. Lagos. The Business and Management Review, 7, 268-281.
• Uzunoğlu, E. Öksüz, B. (2008), Kurumsal İtibar Riski Yönetimi: Halkla İlişkilerin Rolü. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi, 5, 111-123.
• Vagharseyyeddin, S.A., Vanaki, Z. ve Mohammadi, E. (2010), The Nature Nursing Quality of Work Life: An İntegrative Rewiew of Literature. West J Nurs Res, 18, 1-19.
• Van Riel, C..BM. ve Balmer, J.M. (1997), Corporate İdentity: The Concept, İts Measurement and Management. European Journal of Marketing, 31, 340-341.
• Vidaver-Cohen, D. Brønn, P.S. (2013), Reputation, Responsibility, and Stakeholder Support in Scandinavian Firms: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 127, 49-64.
• Wartick, S.L. (1992), The Relationship Between İntense Media Exposure and Change in Corporate Reputation, Business and Society, 31, 33-49.
• Watson, D. (2000), Mood and Temperament. New York, Guilford Press.
• Watson, D. ve Clark, L.A. (1984), Negative Affectivity: The Disposition to Experience Aversive Emotional States. Psychological Bulletien, 96, 463-490.
• Watson, D. ve Slack, A.K. (1993), General Factors of Affective Temperament and Their Relation to Job Satisfaction Over Time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54, 181-202.
• Watson, D., Clark, L.A. ve Tellegen, A. (1988), Development and Validation of Brief Measure of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
• Weiss, H.M. ve Cropanzano, R. (1996), Affeetive Events Theory: A Theoretical Diseussion of The Strueture, Causes and Consequenees of Affeetive Experiences at Work. Research in Organisational Behavior, 18, 1-79.
• Westerman, J.W. ve Cyr, L.A. (2004), An İntegrative Analysis of Person–Organization Fit Theories. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 12, 252-261.
• Wheeler, C.H. (2007), Do Localization Economies Derive From Human Capital Externalities? The Annals of Regional Science, 41, 31-50.
• Wu, SQ. ve Cao, K. (2015), Abusive Supervision and Work-Family Conflict: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 3, 171-178.
• Xu, Q. ve Lee, J. (2012), Abusive Supervision And Subordinates’ Proactive Behavior and The Mediating Effect of Work Engagement. Paper presented at the 26 th
• Annual Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management Conference, Perth.
• Yalçın, S. (2014), Öğretmenlerin Algılarına Göre Okul Yöneticilerinin Liderlik Stilleri ile Öğretmenlerin İş Yaşam Kalitesi ve Örgtütsel Bağlılık Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Erzurum, Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi: Atatürk Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Yazıcı, U. ve Esen, Ş. (2018), Kişi İş Uyumu Proaktif Kişilik ve Proaktif Çalışmanın Akademik Personel Performansı Üzerine Etkisi: Bartın Üniversitesi Örneği. Business and Organization Research, 12, 73-82.