Buğdaya Çavdar Kromozom Parçacıklarının Aktarılması (Translokasyonları)

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 55 - 65, 18.12.2018

Zafer Şaban Tunca Ali Topal , Yaşar Karaduman

Abstract

Bütün ıslah çalışmalarında, genetik kaynaklar istenilen özellikleri yeni nesillere aktarabilmek için

büyük öneme sahiptir. Buğday ıslahında, hastalıklara ve zararlılara dayanıklılık, soğuğa ve kuraklığa tolerans

sağlayan, bitkinin toprak üstü ve toprak altı biyokütlesini arttıran genler çavdarda bulunmaktadır. Bu

özelliklerin ıslah materyaline kazandırılabilmesi için çavdar ve tritikaleden gen almış buğday gen kaynakları

kullanılmıştır. Bu şekilde oluşturulan ve farklı iki kromozom parçasının karşılıklı olarak yer değiştirmesi

anlamına gelen translokasyonlar sonucunda elde edilen genotiplerde tane verimi artışı gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca

farklı ülkelerde yapılan çalışmalarda, bu yöntemlerle biyotik ve abiyotik stres şartlarına karşı tolerans gösteren

buğday genotipleri geliştirilmiştir. Ülkemiz, buğday ve çavdarın gen merkezi içerisinde bulunmasına karşın,

çavdardan gelen genlerin aktarımına gereken önemin verilmediği anlaşılmaktadır. Mevcut araştırmalar

doğrultusunda ülkemizdeki buğday ıslah programlarında bu konuya gereken önemin verilmesi amacıyla bu

güne dek dünya genelinde kromozom parçacıklarının aktarılması konusunda yapılan çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.

Keywords

Buğday, çavdar, kromozom parçacığı aktarılması, buğday ıslahı

Transfer of Rye Chromosome Particles to Wheat (Translocations)

Abstract

In breeding studies, the genetic resources that contain these traits are of great importance in order to

transfer the desired characteristics to the new generation. There are genes that increase soil and subsoil biomass

that provide tolerance to diseases and pests, tolerance to cold and drought also in rye for wheat breeding. Wheat

gene sources derived from rye and triticale used in order to transfer these traits into breeding material. As a

result of the translocations which are formed in this way and which mean the reciprocal displacement of two

different chromosomal fragments, grain yield increase was observed in the obtained genotypes. In addition, in

studies conducted in different countries, wheat genotypes with tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress conditions

have been developed by these methods. Although, Turkey is gene center for wheat and rye, it is understood

that, the required importance is not given to gene transfer from rye. In the direction of the current researches,

studies on transferring chromosome particles around the world have been summarized so far in order to give

the necessary subject to this issue in the wheat breeding programs in our country.

Keywords

Wheat, rye, translocations, wheat breeding

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