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Basel IV Uygulamaları Kapsamında Piyasa Riski Ölçümü

Year 2023, , 1 - 38, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.1348067

Abstract

Bu çalışmada 2023 yılında yürürlüğe girmesi beklenen Basel IV düzenlemeleri kapsamında
filtre edilmiş tarihi simülasyon yöntemi ile ekstrem değeler teorisi dikkate alınarak hisse senedi
piyasaları ile döviz piyasalarından kaynaklanabilecek piyasa riskleri ölçülmüş ve bu değerler Basel
III düzenlemeleri kapsamında hesaplanan değerler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca tüm analizler
hem aşağı yönlü (uzun pozisyon) hem de yukarı yönlü (kısa pozisyon) piyasa riskleri dikkate
alınarak ayrı ayrı yapılmıştır. Çalışma bulguları ister aşağı yönlü piyasa riski isterse yukarı yönlü
piyasa riski dikkate alınsın inceleme kapsamındaki 10 farklı finansal varlığın tamamı için her
durumda Basel IV düzenlemeleri kapsamında hesaplanan piyasa risk düzeylerinin Basel III
düzenlemeleri kapsamında hesaplanan piyasa risk düzeylerinden daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna
işaret etmektedir. Bu bulgular da Basel IV düzenlemelerinin bankacılık sektörünün piyasa riskini
dengelemek için Basel III düzenlemelerine göre daha fazla sermaye ayırmasına yol açabileceği
anlamına gelmektedir.

References

  • 1. Altun, E. (2014). Uç Değerler Teorisi Ve Riske Maruz Değer, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İstatistik Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erişim adresi: http://www.openaccess. hacettepe.edu.tr: 8080/xmlui/ bitstream/ handle/11655/2115. Erişim tarihi: 08.02.2022.
  • 2. Andrews, D.W.K ve Buchinsky, M. (2000). A Three-Step Method for Choosing the Number of Bootstrap Repetitions. Econometrica, 68(1): 23-51.
  • 3. Angelidis, T., Benos, A. ve Degiannakis, S. (2004). The Use of GARCH Models in VaR Estimation. Statistical Methodology, 1: 105-128.
  • 4. Bakare, S. (2018). Basel IV and its Impacts on Banks. International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Research, 3(1): 380-389.
  • 5. Bali, T.G. (2003). An Extreme Value Approach to Estimating Volatility and Value at Risk. The Journal of Business 76(1): 83-108.
  • 6. Barone-Adesi, G., Giannopoulos, K. ve Vosper, L. (1999). VaR without Correlations for Portfolios of Derivative Securities. The Journal of Futures Markets, 19 (5): 583-602.
  • 7. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2016). Minimum Capital Requirements for Market Risk. Erişim adresi: https://www.bis.org/bcbs/ publ/d352.htm. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2022.
  • 8. Blum, P. ve Dacorogna, M. (2003). Extreme Forex Moves. RISK, Februray, 63-67.
  • 9. Brownlee,J. (2019). A Gentle Introduction to the Bootstrap Method. Erişim adresi: https://machinelearningmastery.com/a-gentle-introduction-to-thebootstrap- method/. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2023.
  • 10. Büberkökü, Ö. (2020). Basel IV Kapsamında Alternatif Modellerle Beklenen Kayıp Tutarlarının Hesaplanması. H.S. Kıroğlu (Yay. Haz.). Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Alanında Akademik Çalışmalar -II Cilt 5 içinde (ss. 122-148). Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi.
  • 11. CFI Team (2023) Value at Risk (VaR): A Measurement Technique That Estimates The Risk Of An Investment. Erişim adresi: https://corporatefinanceinstitute. com/ resources/risk-management/value-at-risk-var/. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2023
  • 12. Claessens, S., Ghosh, S. R. ve Mihet, R. (2013). Macro Prudential Policies to Mitigate Financial System Vulnerabilities in Emerging Markets. Otaviano CANUTO and Swati R. GHOSH (Ed.) (pp. 155-178). Dealing with the Challenges of Macro Financial Linkages in Emerging Markets. Washington D.C. : World Bank.
  • 13. Dormans, B. ve Pit, V. (2017). Basel IV, Changing the Regulatory Landscape of Banks. Erişim adresi: https://www.capgemini.com/consulting-nl/wpcontent/ uploads/sites/33/ 2017/08/02-014.15_report_road_to_basel_iv_ webpdf.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 14.02.2022.
  • 14. Dutta, D. ve Bhattacharya, B. (2008). A Bootstrapped Historical Simulation Value At Risk Approach To S&P CNX Nifty. The National Conference on Money and Banking, IGIDR, Mumbai, India. Erişim adresi: http://www. igidr.ac.in/conf/oldmoney/ mfc_10/Debashis%20Dutta_submission_27.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 18.02.2022.
  • 15. Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look At The Jackknife. The Annals of Statistics,7(1): 1-26, 1979.
  • 16. Efron, B. ve Tibshirani, R. (1993). An Introduction To The Bootstrap. New York: Chapman&Hall.
  • 17. Engle, R. F. (1982). Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of U.K. Inflation. Econometrica, 50, 987- 1008.
  • 18. Eroğlu, N. ve Kara, F. (2017). Makro İhtiyati Para Politikası Araçları ve Türkiye Uygulaması Üzerine Genel Bir Bakış. İşletme ve Finans Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(2): 60-69.
  • 19. Escanciano, J.C. ve Pei, P. (2012). Pitfalls in Backtesting Historical Simulation VaR Models. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36 (8): 2233-2244.
  • 20. Feridun, M. ve Özün, A. (2020). Basel IV Implementation: A Review of The Case of The European Union. Journal of Capital Market Studies, 4(1): 7-24.
  • 21. Gavin, J. (2000). Extreme Value Theory–An Empirical Analysis Of Equity Risk. Quantative Risk: Models & Statistics UBS Warburg, August, 1-9.
  • 22. Gencer, H. (2013). Basel I, Basel II, Basel III Sermaye Uzlaşıları. Vergi Raporu, 161: 143-156.
  • 23. Gould, W. ve Pitblado, J. (2022). Guidelines For Bootstrap Samples. Stata Journal. Erişim adresi: https://www.stata.com/support/faqs/statistics/ bootstrapped-samples-guidelines/. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2023.
  • 24. Inui, K. ve Kijima, M. (2005). On the Significance Of Expected Shortfall as a Coherent Risk Measure. Journal of Banking & Finance, 29(4): 853-864.
  • 25. İlhan, A. (2015). Makro İhtiyati Politikaların Genel Çerçevesi. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar,52 (608),65-85.
  • 26. Köksal, M. O., Babuşcu, Ş. ve Hazar, A. (2020). Basel IV Neleri Değiştirecek? Ekonomi ve Finansal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(1): 1-25.
  • 27. KPMG. (2016). The World Awaits: Basel 4 Nears Completion. Erişim adresi: https://kpmglearninghub.com/2016/12/19/the-world-awaits-basel-4-nearscompletion/. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2022.
  • 28. Krugman, P.(1998).What Happened to Asia. Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Erişim adresi: http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/ DISINTER.html. Erişim tarihi: 28.01.2022.
  • 29. Krugman, P.(1999). Balance Sheets, The Transfer Problem And Financial Crisis. International Tax and Public Finance, 6: 459-472.
  • 30. Kurpad, M.R. (2020). Basel IV: The Challenges. Erişim adresi: SSRN: https: //ssrn.com/abstract=3614051 or http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2139/ssrn.3614051. Erişim tarihi: 08.02.2022.
  • 31. Lim C., Columba, F., Costa, A., Kongsamut, P., Otani, A., Saiyid, M., Wezel, T. ve Wu, X. (2011). Macroprudential Policy: What Instruments and How to Use Them? Lessons from Country Experiences. IMF Working Paper WP/11/238.
  • 32. Ljung, G. ve Box, G.E.B. (1978). On a Measure of Lack of Fit in Time Series Models. Biometrika, 66: 67–72.
  • 33. Loretan, M. ve Philips, P.C.B. (1994). Testing The Covariance Stationarity Of Heavy Tailed Time Series: An Overview Of The Theory With Applications To Several Financial Datasets. Journal of Empirical Finance, 1 (2): 211–248.
  • 34. Magnus, M., Margerit A., Mesnard B. ve Korpas, A. (2017). Upgrading the Basel Standards: From Basel III to Basel IV. Erişim adresi: http://www. europarl.europa.eu/. Erişim tarihi: 08.02.2022.
  • 35. McNeil, A. J. ve Frey, R. (2000). Estimation of Tail-Related Risk Measures For Heteroscedastic Financial Time Series : An Extreme Value Approach. Journal of Empirical Finance, 7: 271-300.
  • 36. Nelson, D.B. (1991). Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Asset Returns: A New Approach. Econometrica, 59 (2): 347-370.
  • 37. Orgeldinger, J. (2017). Critical Analysis of the New Basel Minimum Capital Requirements for Market Risk. Italian Journals of Sciences & Engineering,1(1):1-15.
  • 38. Özatay, F. (2012). Para Politikasında Yeni Arayışlar. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 27 (315): 51-75.
  • 39. Perignon, C. ve Smith, D.R. (2010). The Level and Quality of Value-at-Risk Disclosure by Commercial Banks. Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(2): 362- 377.
  • 40. Pflug, G. (2000). Some Remarks on the Value-at-Risk and the Conditional Value-at-Risk in S. Uryasev (ed.) (pp. , 1-11) Probabilistic Constrained Optimization: Methodology and Applications, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. f
  • 41. Phillips, P. C. B. ve P. Perron. (1988). Testing For A Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, 75: 335–346.
  • 42. Ren, F. ve Giles, D. E. (2010). Extreme Value Analysis of Daily Canadian Crude Oil Prices. Applied Financial Economics, 20 (12): 941-954.
  • 43. Roland Berger (2017). Implications of Ongoing “Basel IV” Debates. Erişim adresi: https://www.rolandberger.com/publications/publication_pdf/basel_ iv_rolandberger.pdf. Erişim tarihi:12.01.2022.
  • 44. Rossignolo, A. (2019). Basel IV A Gloomy Future For Expected Shortfall Risk Models: Evidence From The Mexican Stock Market. Revista Mexicana de Economia Finanzas Nueva Epoca,14: 559-582.
  • 45. Ryan, G. (2021). VaR: An Introductory Guide in The Context of FRBT. Finalyse, 1-7. Erişim adresi:https://www.finalyse.com/blog/var-an-introductory-guidein- the-context -of-frtb. Erişim tarihi: 08.02.2022.
  • 46. Rydell, S. (2013). The Use of Extreme Value Theory and Time Series Analysis To Estimate Risk Measures for Extreme Events. Umea University, Master’s Thesis in Engineering Physics, Department of Physics, Umeå University, 2013. Erişim adresi: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:621001/ FULLTEXT01.pdf. Erişim tarihi :08.02.2022.
  • 47. Schneider, S., Schrock,G., Koch, S. ve Schneider, R. vd. (2017). Basel “IV”: What’s Next For Banks ?. Erişim adresi: https://www.mckinsey.com/ ~/ media/mckinsey/ business %20functions/risk/our%20 insights/basel %20 iv%20 whats%20next %20for%20european%20banks/basel-iv-whatsnext- for-banks .ashx #:~:text= Banks % 20 from%20Sweden %2C%20 Denmark %2C%20Belgium, such%20as %20France%20 and%20Italy. Erişim tarihi:08.01.2022.
  • 48. Statistical Solutions (2018). Sample Size Calculations. Erişim adresi: https:// www.statisticssolutions.com/sample-size-calculation-2/. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2023.
  • 49. Stavroyiannis, S. (2017). Value-At-Risk and Expected Shortfall For The Major Digital Currencies. Erişim adresi: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/ papers.cfm? abstract _id=3028625. Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2022.
  • 50. TCMB (2014) Makro İhtiyati Politikalar ve Türkiye Uygulaması. Erişim adresi: https://www.tcmb. gov.tr/wps/wcm/ connect/77402706-96b8-4359-b59a- 47ef0e01 e2 3c /BULTEN35.pdf?. Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2022.
  • 51. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2016). Basel IV: Bankaları Bekleyen Zorluklar. Erişim adresi:https://www.tbb.org.tr/Content/ Upload/konferanssunumlari/1133/ Basel_ IV_TBB& EY_Sunumu.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2022.
  • 52. Yıldırım, O. (2015). Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Basel Kriterleri. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 52 (609): 9-21.

Market Risk Measurement in the Context of Basel IV Regulations

Year 2023, , 1 - 38, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.1348067

Abstract

References

  • 1. Altun, E. (2014). Uç Değerler Teorisi Ve Riske Maruz Değer, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İstatistik Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erişim adresi: http://www.openaccess. hacettepe.edu.tr: 8080/xmlui/ bitstream/ handle/11655/2115. Erişim tarihi: 08.02.2022.
  • 2. Andrews, D.W.K ve Buchinsky, M. (2000). A Three-Step Method for Choosing the Number of Bootstrap Repetitions. Econometrica, 68(1): 23-51.
  • 3. Angelidis, T., Benos, A. ve Degiannakis, S. (2004). The Use of GARCH Models in VaR Estimation. Statistical Methodology, 1: 105-128.
  • 4. Bakare, S. (2018). Basel IV and its Impacts on Banks. International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Research, 3(1): 380-389.
  • 5. Bali, T.G. (2003). An Extreme Value Approach to Estimating Volatility and Value at Risk. The Journal of Business 76(1): 83-108.
  • 6. Barone-Adesi, G., Giannopoulos, K. ve Vosper, L. (1999). VaR without Correlations for Portfolios of Derivative Securities. The Journal of Futures Markets, 19 (5): 583-602.
  • 7. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2016). Minimum Capital Requirements for Market Risk. Erişim adresi: https://www.bis.org/bcbs/ publ/d352.htm. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2022.
  • 8. Blum, P. ve Dacorogna, M. (2003). Extreme Forex Moves. RISK, Februray, 63-67.
  • 9. Brownlee,J. (2019). A Gentle Introduction to the Bootstrap Method. Erişim adresi: https://machinelearningmastery.com/a-gentle-introduction-to-thebootstrap- method/. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2023.
  • 10. Büberkökü, Ö. (2020). Basel IV Kapsamında Alternatif Modellerle Beklenen Kayıp Tutarlarının Hesaplanması. H.S. Kıroğlu (Yay. Haz.). Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Alanında Akademik Çalışmalar -II Cilt 5 içinde (ss. 122-148). Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi.
  • 11. CFI Team (2023) Value at Risk (VaR): A Measurement Technique That Estimates The Risk Of An Investment. Erişim adresi: https://corporatefinanceinstitute. com/ resources/risk-management/value-at-risk-var/. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2023
  • 12. Claessens, S., Ghosh, S. R. ve Mihet, R. (2013). Macro Prudential Policies to Mitigate Financial System Vulnerabilities in Emerging Markets. Otaviano CANUTO and Swati R. GHOSH (Ed.) (pp. 155-178). Dealing with the Challenges of Macro Financial Linkages in Emerging Markets. Washington D.C. : World Bank.
  • 13. Dormans, B. ve Pit, V. (2017). Basel IV, Changing the Regulatory Landscape of Banks. Erişim adresi: https://www.capgemini.com/consulting-nl/wpcontent/ uploads/sites/33/ 2017/08/02-014.15_report_road_to_basel_iv_ webpdf.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 14.02.2022.
  • 14. Dutta, D. ve Bhattacharya, B. (2008). A Bootstrapped Historical Simulation Value At Risk Approach To S&P CNX Nifty. The National Conference on Money and Banking, IGIDR, Mumbai, India. Erişim adresi: http://www. igidr.ac.in/conf/oldmoney/ mfc_10/Debashis%20Dutta_submission_27.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 18.02.2022.
  • 15. Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look At The Jackknife. The Annals of Statistics,7(1): 1-26, 1979.
  • 16. Efron, B. ve Tibshirani, R. (1993). An Introduction To The Bootstrap. New York: Chapman&Hall.
  • 17. Engle, R. F. (1982). Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of U.K. Inflation. Econometrica, 50, 987- 1008.
  • 18. Eroğlu, N. ve Kara, F. (2017). Makro İhtiyati Para Politikası Araçları ve Türkiye Uygulaması Üzerine Genel Bir Bakış. İşletme ve Finans Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(2): 60-69.
  • 19. Escanciano, J.C. ve Pei, P. (2012). Pitfalls in Backtesting Historical Simulation VaR Models. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36 (8): 2233-2244.
  • 20. Feridun, M. ve Özün, A. (2020). Basel IV Implementation: A Review of The Case of The European Union. Journal of Capital Market Studies, 4(1): 7-24.
  • 21. Gavin, J. (2000). Extreme Value Theory–An Empirical Analysis Of Equity Risk. Quantative Risk: Models & Statistics UBS Warburg, August, 1-9.
  • 22. Gencer, H. (2013). Basel I, Basel II, Basel III Sermaye Uzlaşıları. Vergi Raporu, 161: 143-156.
  • 23. Gould, W. ve Pitblado, J. (2022). Guidelines For Bootstrap Samples. Stata Journal. Erişim adresi: https://www.stata.com/support/faqs/statistics/ bootstrapped-samples-guidelines/. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2023.
  • 24. Inui, K. ve Kijima, M. (2005). On the Significance Of Expected Shortfall as a Coherent Risk Measure. Journal of Banking & Finance, 29(4): 853-864.
  • 25. İlhan, A. (2015). Makro İhtiyati Politikaların Genel Çerçevesi. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar,52 (608),65-85.
  • 26. Köksal, M. O., Babuşcu, Ş. ve Hazar, A. (2020). Basel IV Neleri Değiştirecek? Ekonomi ve Finansal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(1): 1-25.
  • 27. KPMG. (2016). The World Awaits: Basel 4 Nears Completion. Erişim adresi: https://kpmglearninghub.com/2016/12/19/the-world-awaits-basel-4-nearscompletion/. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2022.
  • 28. Krugman, P.(1998).What Happened to Asia. Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Erişim adresi: http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/ DISINTER.html. Erişim tarihi: 28.01.2022.
  • 29. Krugman, P.(1999). Balance Sheets, The Transfer Problem And Financial Crisis. International Tax and Public Finance, 6: 459-472.
  • 30. Kurpad, M.R. (2020). Basel IV: The Challenges. Erişim adresi: SSRN: https: //ssrn.com/abstract=3614051 or http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2139/ssrn.3614051. Erişim tarihi: 08.02.2022.
  • 31. Lim C., Columba, F., Costa, A., Kongsamut, P., Otani, A., Saiyid, M., Wezel, T. ve Wu, X. (2011). Macroprudential Policy: What Instruments and How to Use Them? Lessons from Country Experiences. IMF Working Paper WP/11/238.
  • 32. Ljung, G. ve Box, G.E.B. (1978). On a Measure of Lack of Fit in Time Series Models. Biometrika, 66: 67–72.
  • 33. Loretan, M. ve Philips, P.C.B. (1994). Testing The Covariance Stationarity Of Heavy Tailed Time Series: An Overview Of The Theory With Applications To Several Financial Datasets. Journal of Empirical Finance, 1 (2): 211–248.
  • 34. Magnus, M., Margerit A., Mesnard B. ve Korpas, A. (2017). Upgrading the Basel Standards: From Basel III to Basel IV. Erişim adresi: http://www. europarl.europa.eu/. Erişim tarihi: 08.02.2022.
  • 35. McNeil, A. J. ve Frey, R. (2000). Estimation of Tail-Related Risk Measures For Heteroscedastic Financial Time Series : An Extreme Value Approach. Journal of Empirical Finance, 7: 271-300.
  • 36. Nelson, D.B. (1991). Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Asset Returns: A New Approach. Econometrica, 59 (2): 347-370.
  • 37. Orgeldinger, J. (2017). Critical Analysis of the New Basel Minimum Capital Requirements for Market Risk. Italian Journals of Sciences & Engineering,1(1):1-15.
  • 38. Özatay, F. (2012). Para Politikasında Yeni Arayışlar. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 27 (315): 51-75.
  • 39. Perignon, C. ve Smith, D.R. (2010). The Level and Quality of Value-at-Risk Disclosure by Commercial Banks. Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(2): 362- 377.
  • 40. Pflug, G. (2000). Some Remarks on the Value-at-Risk and the Conditional Value-at-Risk in S. Uryasev (ed.) (pp. , 1-11) Probabilistic Constrained Optimization: Methodology and Applications, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. f
  • 41. Phillips, P. C. B. ve P. Perron. (1988). Testing For A Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, 75: 335–346.
  • 42. Ren, F. ve Giles, D. E. (2010). Extreme Value Analysis of Daily Canadian Crude Oil Prices. Applied Financial Economics, 20 (12): 941-954.
  • 43. Roland Berger (2017). Implications of Ongoing “Basel IV” Debates. Erişim adresi: https://www.rolandberger.com/publications/publication_pdf/basel_ iv_rolandberger.pdf. Erişim tarihi:12.01.2022.
  • 44. Rossignolo, A. (2019). Basel IV A Gloomy Future For Expected Shortfall Risk Models: Evidence From The Mexican Stock Market. Revista Mexicana de Economia Finanzas Nueva Epoca,14: 559-582.
  • 45. Ryan, G. (2021). VaR: An Introductory Guide in The Context of FRBT. Finalyse, 1-7. Erişim adresi:https://www.finalyse.com/blog/var-an-introductory-guidein- the-context -of-frtb. Erişim tarihi: 08.02.2022.
  • 46. Rydell, S. (2013). The Use of Extreme Value Theory and Time Series Analysis To Estimate Risk Measures for Extreme Events. Umea University, Master’s Thesis in Engineering Physics, Department of Physics, Umeå University, 2013. Erişim adresi: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:621001/ FULLTEXT01.pdf. Erişim tarihi :08.02.2022.
  • 47. Schneider, S., Schrock,G., Koch, S. ve Schneider, R. vd. (2017). Basel “IV”: What’s Next For Banks ?. Erişim adresi: https://www.mckinsey.com/ ~/ media/mckinsey/ business %20functions/risk/our%20 insights/basel %20 iv%20 whats%20next %20for%20european%20banks/basel-iv-whatsnext- for-banks .ashx #:~:text= Banks % 20 from%20Sweden %2C%20 Denmark %2C%20Belgium, such%20as %20France%20 and%20Italy. Erişim tarihi:08.01.2022.
  • 48. Statistical Solutions (2018). Sample Size Calculations. Erişim adresi: https:// www.statisticssolutions.com/sample-size-calculation-2/. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2023.
  • 49. Stavroyiannis, S. (2017). Value-At-Risk and Expected Shortfall For The Major Digital Currencies. Erişim adresi: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/ papers.cfm? abstract _id=3028625. Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2022.
  • 50. TCMB (2014) Makro İhtiyati Politikalar ve Türkiye Uygulaması. Erişim adresi: https://www.tcmb. gov.tr/wps/wcm/ connect/77402706-96b8-4359-b59a- 47ef0e01 e2 3c /BULTEN35.pdf?. Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2022.
  • 51. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2016). Basel IV: Bankaları Bekleyen Zorluklar. Erişim adresi:https://www.tbb.org.tr/Content/ Upload/konferanssunumlari/1133/ Basel_ IV_TBB& EY_Sunumu.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2022.
  • 52. Yıldırım, O. (2015). Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Basel Kriterleri. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 52 (609): 9-21.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Banking and Insurance (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Önder Büberkökü 0000-0002-7140-557X

Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Büberkökü, Ö. (2023). Basel IV Uygulamaları Kapsamında Piyasa Riski Ölçümü. BDDK Bankacılık Ve Finansal Piyasalar Dergisi, 17(1), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.1348067