Rumı̇nant Beslemede Canlı Maya ve Maya Kültürlerı̇nı̇n Kullanımı

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 118 - 128, 05.01.2024

Hasan Tarık Eşki , Nurettin Gülşen

Abstract

Bu derlemenin amacı, ruminantlarda maya kullanımının rumen parametreleri, sindirilebilirlik, performans artışı, süt verimine, kompozisyonuna ve sağlık parametrelerine etkilerini incelemektir. Yüksek tane yemle beslenen ruminantlarda mikrobiyel popülasyona yön vermek ve dolayısıyla asidozisten kaçınmak için yem maya ilave edilmektedir. Maya ve maya kültürleri, laktat fermentasyonunu artırarak rumen pH’sının dengelenmesine katkıda bulunurlar. Escherichia coli, Salmonella ve Camphylobacter gibi yem kaynaklı patojenlerin üreme ve gelişmelerini baskılar, ayrıca neonatal ruminantların rumenin daha hızlı gelişmesini sağlarlar. Rumende ki mikrobiyolojik popülasyonun dengede olmasına katkılarının yanı sıra NDF yıkımlanmasını da artırmaktadır. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı canlı maya ve maya kültürlerinin büyüme performansı, buzağı ishalleri, rumen asidozuna önleme de kullanılmaktadır. Bağırsak patojenlerine olan etkileri, mayaların hücre duvarı elemanları olan mannanoligosakkaritler (MOS) ve beta-glukanlara atfedilmektedir. Süt verimi ve kompozisyonuna etkilerini araştırmak için birçok çalışma yapılmış, genel olarak canlı mayaların süt verimini ve kompozisyonunu etkilemediği, buna karşın inaktif maya kültürlerinin süt verimini artırdığı fakat süt kompozisyonunu etkilemediği ortaya konmuştur. Koyun ve keçilerde ise canlı mayaların süt verimini artırdığı bildirilmiştir. Canlı maya ve maya kültürlerinin bu pozitif etkilerinin rumen mikrobiyatasını iyileştirmesi ve bağırsak patojenlerini baskılamasından kaynaklı olduğu düşünülmektedir

Keywords

Ruminant, canlı maya, inaktif maya, MOS, β-glukan

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