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İŞGÜCÜNÜN DEĞİŞEN YÜZÜ Z KUŞAĞI VE KUŞAĞIN LİDER ALGISI

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 129 - 140, 30.12.2020

Abstract

Kuşak çalışmaları yönetim literatüründe de ilgi gören bir kavramdır. Bunun temel sebeplerinden biri modern işletmelerde görev alan kuşakların farklı değer yargıları ve bakış açılarına sahip olmalarına rağmen ortak hedeflerin gerçekleştirilmesi adına birlikte iş görme zorunluluğu ile karşı karşıya kalmalarından kaynaklıdır. Literatürde liderliğin bilimsel bir yaklaşım çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi alan yazını genişleterek; pratiğe önemli bir destek sağlamaktadır. Ancak farklı kuşakların aynı anda birlikte iş görmeleri nedeni ile hangi liderlik tipolojisinin örgütün genel amaç ve hedeflerine ulaştırmada benimsenmesi gerekliliği ise önemli bir araştırma sorunsalıdır. Alan yazında farklı kuşakların liderliğe yönelik algıları ve beklentileri arasında önemli varyanslar gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum, yakın bir dönemde iş gücüne giren/girecek olan Z kuşağının liderlik beklentisinin ne olduğu hususunun anlaşılması gerekliliğinin altını çizmektedir. Bu yönde gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın amacı, Yüksek öğrenim kurumunda müfredatta yer alan “Liderlik” dersine kayıtlı olan Z kuşağı öğrencilerinin liderliğe ilişkin algılarının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada Z kuşağının lider algısı ve lider profilinin belirlenmesi, kendilerinin seçtiği bireyler ile gerçekleştirdikleri mülakatlar aracılığıyla incelenmesine yöneliktir. Araştırma 2018 Bahar ve 2019 Güz yarıyılında “Capstone Project” kapsamında 56 adet yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatı içermektedir. Araştırmanın amacı seçilen liderler ile Z kuşağının lideri kimdir sorusuna ışık tutmaktır. Katılımcıların çoğunluğunun (%87) erkek olduğu gözlemlenmekle birlikte, büyük bir çoğunluğunun bankacılık ve finans, üretim, teknoloji, ithalat ve ihracat, yapı-inşaat ve enerji sektörlerinde görev aldıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Katılımcılardan sadece 3’nün yüksek öğrenim kurumunda görev alması özellikle ilgi çekici bir durumdur. Literatürde Z kuşağının iş hayatına daha yeni gireceği hususu ile birlikte literatürde mevcut yapılan çalışmaların temel kısıtlılığı araştırmanın önemini vurgulamaktadır. Kuşak ve liderlik ilişkisinin ele alındığı çalışmalarda Z kuşağı üzerine yapılan çalışmaların ampirik çalışmadan ziyade yoğunlukla kavramsal bir bakış açısı ile ele aldığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Z kuşağının liderinin kim olduğu üzerine ışık tutabilmeyi amaçlanmıştır.

References

  • Al-Asfour, A., & Lettau, L. (2014). Strategies for leadership styles for multi-generational workforce. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 11(2), 58-69.
  • Bako, M. (2018). Different Leadership Style Choices, Different Generations. Prizren Social Science Journal, 2(2), 127-143.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall.
  • Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31.
  • Becton, J. B., Walker, H. J., & Jones-Farmer, A. (2014). Generational differences in workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44, 175-189.
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. NY: Harper & Row Publishers.
  • Carlsson, G., & Karlsson, K. (1970). Age, cohorts and the generation of generations. American Psychological Review, 35(4), 710-718.
  • Cogin, J. (2012). Are generational differences in work values fact or fiction? Multi-country evidence and implications. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(11), 2268-2294.
  • Gardner, H., & Davis, K. (2013). The App Generation: How today's youth navigate identity, intimacy, and imagination in a digital world. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2982119, Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2020.
  • Halisdemir, M. (2016). Okul yöneticilerinin Z Kuşağına yönelik tutumları ve Z kuşağının okul yöneticisi algısı. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Haynes, B. (2011). The impact of generational differences on the workplace. Journal of Corporate Estate, 13(2), 98-108.
  • İlic, D. K., & Yalçın, B. (2017). Y Jenerasyonunun Farklılaşan İş Değerleri ve Liderlik Algılamaları. Journal of Yasar University, 12(46), 136-160.
  • Kotler, P., & Keller, K. (2006). Marketing Management, (12th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Lancaster, L. C., & Stillman, D. (2002). When generations collide: Traditionalists, baby boomers, generation xers, millennials: Who they are, why they clash, how to solve the generational puzzle at work. New York: Harper Business.
  • Laudert, E. (2018). Generation Z: Utilizing adaptive and authentic leadership to promote intergenerational collaboration at work. M.A. Leadership Studies: Capstone Project Papers: 30. https://digital.sandiego.edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1031&context= solesmalscap, Erişim Tarihi: 04.02.2019.
  • Levine, A., & Dean, D. R. (2012). Generation on a tightrope: A portrait of today’s college student. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Loomis, J. E. (2000). Gen X. Indianapolis, IN: Rough Notes Co.
  • Loysk, B. (1997). How to manage an X’er. The Futurist, 31, 43-44.
  • Mannheim, K. (1952). The Problem of Generations. Kecskemeti, P. (ed.), Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge: Collected Works: 276–322. New York: Routledge. New York, NY: Doubleday Currency.
  • Raths, D. (1999). Bridging the generation gap. InfoWorld, 21(45), 84-85.
  • Rost, J. C. (1991). Leadership for the twenty-first century. New York: Praeger.
  • Ryder, N. B. (1965). The Cohort as a Concept in the Study of Social Change. American Sociological Review, 30(1), 843-861.
  • Senge, P. M. (2006). The fifth discipline: The art & practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday/Currency.
  • Senge, P. M., Scharmer, C. O., Jaworski, J., & Flowers, B. S. (2004). Presence: Human purpose and the field of the future. New York, NY: Society for Organization Learning.
  • Twenge, J. M., & Foster, J. D. (2010). Birth cohort increases in narcissistic personality traits among American college students 1982-2009. Social Pyschological and Personality Science, 1(1), 99-106.
  • Williams, K., & Page, R. A. (2011). Marketing to the generations. Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business, 3(3), 1-17.
  • Yılmaz, E. (2017). Y kuşağının iki farklı döneminin tercih ettiği liderlik tarzı üzerine görgül bir araştırma: Seyhan belediyesi örneği. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Mersin, Türkiye.

CHANGING FACE OF THE WORKFORCE: GENERATION Z AND ITS’ PERCEPTION OF LEADERSHIP

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 129 - 140, 30.12.2020

Abstract

Generation cohort studies attracts attention in the management literature. One of the main reasons for this interest is that the generations working in modern enterprises possess different values and perspectives, even though they are obliged to achieve common goals while working in collaboratively. Evaluating the concept of leadership within the framework of a scientific approach facilitates to enriching the existing literature; while providing vital insight to management practitioners. Since different generations work together simultaneously in organizations, which leadership typology should be adopted in achieving the general goals and objectives of the organization is an important research problem. In the literature, significant variances have been observed between the perceptions and expectations of different generations towards leadership. This situation underlines the necessity of understanding the leadership expectation of Generation Z, who will enter the workforce shortly. The purpose of the study carried out in this direction aims to determine the leadership perceptions of the generation Z students enrolled in the "Leadership" course in the curriculum of the higher education institution. In the study, the leader perception and leader profile of the generation Z is analyzed and examined through the interviews they have made with the individuals of their preferred leaders. The research includes 56 semi-structured interviews within the scope of the "Capstone Project" conducted in the Spring 2018 and Fall 2019 semesters. The research aims to shed light on the question of “who is the leader of Generation Z” with the leaders they have chosen. Although it is observed that the majority of the participants (87%) are men, it has been observed that the vast majority of the leaders work in banking and finance, manufacturing, technology, import and export, building-construction, and energy sectors. It is a particularly interesting fact that only 3 of the participants work in a higher education institution. The main limitation of the existing studies in the literature, together with the issue that Generation Z will enter the business world shortly, emphasizes the importance of the research. The existing studies, researching the relationship between Generation Z's perception of leadership, commonly are constructed from a conceptual perspective rather than empirical work. Thus, the study aimed to shed light on who is the leader of generation Z.

References

  • Al-Asfour, A., & Lettau, L. (2014). Strategies for leadership styles for multi-generational workforce. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 11(2), 58-69.
  • Bako, M. (2018). Different Leadership Style Choices, Different Generations. Prizren Social Science Journal, 2(2), 127-143.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall.
  • Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31.
  • Becton, J. B., Walker, H. J., & Jones-Farmer, A. (2014). Generational differences in workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44, 175-189.
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. NY: Harper & Row Publishers.
  • Carlsson, G., & Karlsson, K. (1970). Age, cohorts and the generation of generations. American Psychological Review, 35(4), 710-718.
  • Cogin, J. (2012). Are generational differences in work values fact or fiction? Multi-country evidence and implications. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(11), 2268-2294.
  • Gardner, H., & Davis, K. (2013). The App Generation: How today's youth navigate identity, intimacy, and imagination in a digital world. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2982119, Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2020.
  • Halisdemir, M. (2016). Okul yöneticilerinin Z Kuşağına yönelik tutumları ve Z kuşağının okul yöneticisi algısı. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Haynes, B. (2011). The impact of generational differences on the workplace. Journal of Corporate Estate, 13(2), 98-108.
  • İlic, D. K., & Yalçın, B. (2017). Y Jenerasyonunun Farklılaşan İş Değerleri ve Liderlik Algılamaları. Journal of Yasar University, 12(46), 136-160.
  • Kotler, P., & Keller, K. (2006). Marketing Management, (12th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Lancaster, L. C., & Stillman, D. (2002). When generations collide: Traditionalists, baby boomers, generation xers, millennials: Who they are, why they clash, how to solve the generational puzzle at work. New York: Harper Business.
  • Laudert, E. (2018). Generation Z: Utilizing adaptive and authentic leadership to promote intergenerational collaboration at work. M.A. Leadership Studies: Capstone Project Papers: 30. https://digital.sandiego.edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1031&context= solesmalscap, Erişim Tarihi: 04.02.2019.
  • Levine, A., & Dean, D. R. (2012). Generation on a tightrope: A portrait of today’s college student. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Loomis, J. E. (2000). Gen X. Indianapolis, IN: Rough Notes Co.
  • Loysk, B. (1997). How to manage an X’er. The Futurist, 31, 43-44.
  • Mannheim, K. (1952). The Problem of Generations. Kecskemeti, P. (ed.), Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge: Collected Works: 276–322. New York: Routledge. New York, NY: Doubleday Currency.
  • Raths, D. (1999). Bridging the generation gap. InfoWorld, 21(45), 84-85.
  • Rost, J. C. (1991). Leadership for the twenty-first century. New York: Praeger.
  • Ryder, N. B. (1965). The Cohort as a Concept in the Study of Social Change. American Sociological Review, 30(1), 843-861.
  • Senge, P. M. (2006). The fifth discipline: The art & practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday/Currency.
  • Senge, P. M., Scharmer, C. O., Jaworski, J., & Flowers, B. S. (2004). Presence: Human purpose and the field of the future. New York, NY: Society for Organization Learning.
  • Twenge, J. M., & Foster, J. D. (2010). Birth cohort increases in narcissistic personality traits among American college students 1982-2009. Social Pyschological and Personality Science, 1(1), 99-106.
  • Williams, K., & Page, R. A. (2011). Marketing to the generations. Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business, 3(3), 1-17.
  • Yılmaz, E. (2017). Y kuşağının iki farklı döneminin tercih ettiği liderlik tarzı üzerine görgül bir araştırma: Seyhan belediyesi örneği. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Mersin, Türkiye.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Deniz Palalar Alkan 0000-0002-2204-7024

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Acceptance Date December 22, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Palalar Alkan, D. (2020). İŞGÜCÜNÜN DEĞİŞEN YÜZÜ Z KUŞAĞI VE KUŞAĞIN LİDER ALGISI. Business Economics and Management Research Journal, 3(2), 129-140.

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