Transforming threats in the new millenium and adaptation of NATO

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 13 - 25, 16.03.2022

Ata Taha Kuveloğlu

Abstract

The end of the cold war and the dissolution of the Soviet Union forced NATO, which was established to ensure the security of the member states, to take a collective stance against international threats, especially the Soviet threat, to be included in out-of-area operations. The international war on terrorism declared by the US, which is NATO's dominant force, following 9/11, has also contributed to NATO’s interest as a global border guard to shift from Europe to countries in the Middle East. At the summits held, NATO decided to update its strategic concept accordingly. The cooperation between the US and other members of the organization has been dramatically affected as a result of the shift to unipolar world order. Relations with allies have suffered from the peremptory stance and one-sided strategies adopted by the US since 9/11. Due to shifting security understanding, NATO has begun to push its partners to develop new security policies. In this study, by comparing the Cold War policy of the organization and the post-Cold War policies; The transformation in the perception of security will be tried to be analyzed. In the changing dynamics of the post-Cold War world architecture, the measures taken by NATO to keep up with the “new world order” and their weight in world politics will be scrutinized.

Keywords

NATO, International Security, US, Collective Security

Yeni milenyumda dönüşen tehditler ve NATO’nun adaptasyonu

Abstract

Soğuk savaşın sona ermesi ve Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılması, başta Sovyet tehdidini bertaraf etmek olmak üzere üye devletlerin güvenliğini sağlamak ve uluslararası tehditlere karşı toplu bir duruş sergilemek amacıyla kurulan NATO'yu alan dışı operasyonlar yapmaya zorlamıştır. NATO'nun baskın gücü olan ABD tarafından 11 Eylül Saldırılarının ardından ilan edilen teröre karşı küresel savaş, NATO'nun odağını Avrupa'dan Orta Doğu'daki ülkelere kaydırmak suretiyle “küresel bir sınır muhafızına” dönüşmesini sağlayarak örgütün çıkarlarına da katkıda bulunmuştur. Yapılan zirvelerde NATO, stratejik konseptini bu doğrultuda güncelleme yoluna gitmiştir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve örgütün diğer üyeleri arasındaki işbirliği, tek kutuplu dünya düzenine geçişin bir sonucu olarak çarpıcı biçimde etkilenmiştir. Müttefiklerle ilişkiler, 11 Eylül'den bu yana ABD tarafından benimsenen katı tutum ve tek taraflı stratejilerden zarar görmüştür. Değişen güvenlik anlayışı nedeniyle NATO, ortaklarını yeni güvenlik politikaları geliştirmeye zorlamaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, örgütün Soğuk Savaş politikası ile Soğuk Savaş sonrası politikaları karşılaştırılarak; güvenlik algısındaki dönüşüm analiz edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Soğuk Savaş sonrası dünya mimarisinin değişen dinamiklerinde NATO'nun “yeni dünya düzenine” ayak uydurmak için aldığı önlemler ve bunların dünya siyasetindeki ağırlığı mercek altına alınacaktır.

Keywords

NATO, Uluslararası Güvenlik, ABD, Kolektif Güvenlik

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