Research Article
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Evaluation of The Relationship of Gay Individuals With Their Fathers: A Qualitative Research

Year 2024, , 329 - 357, 26.06.2024

Gizem Kurban Abuelenın , Hakan Karaman , Ömer Miraç Yaman

https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1363162

Abstract

In this study, the father relationships of gay individuals, which have been shaped from childhood to the present, in the process experienced as a boy in the family, were examined in various perspectives. Qualitative research design was used in the study. As a result of in-depth interviews with 9 participants who defined themselves as gay, the discourses of the participants were analyzed and themed. In the results, it was seen that the participants described themselves as quiet, lonely and asocial in general in their childhood, and a common experience of peer bullying emerged as an experience reinforcing these profiles. On the other hand, authoritarian, disinterested, harsh and dull-tempered father profiles were seen to come to the fore, while a distant and limited communication style in terms of father-son relationship emerged. Also it was observed that feelings such as anger, resentment, regret and longing for the father were intense. In the current, there is a type of relationship in which meeting with the father is not preferred or is maintained at a limited level due to necessity. Therefore, it was observed that the overall experience of the participants with the father developed negatively. Accordingly, it is thought that this situation may have a distinctive counterpart in the lives of gay individuals.. In this sense, it is recommended to plan further research in order to better reveal the counterpart of the relationship with the father in childhood and adolescence, and to understand how and to what extent it can be associated with gay identity.

Keywords

Gay Father Family Relationship Qualitative Research

References

  • American Psychological Association (2012). Guidelines for psychological practice with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. American Psychologist, 67(1), 10-42. doi: 10.1037/a0024659
  • Baltaci, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274.
  • Bregman, H. R., Malik, N. M., Page, M. J. L., Makynen, E., ve Lindahl, K. M. (2013). Identity profiles in lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth: the role of family influences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(3), 417–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964- 012-9798-z
  • Cardoso, F. L. (2010). Political and sexual attitudes concerning same-sex sexual behavior. Sexuality & Culture, 14(4), 306-326.
  • Cramer, D. W., ve Roach, A. J. (1988). Coming out to mom and dad: a study of gay males and their relationships with their parents. Journal of Homosexuality, 15(3–4), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v15n03_04
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (3. Baskı). Çev. Ed., M. Bütün ve SB Demir. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Foucault, M. (1990). The history of sexuality: an introduction, New York: Vintage.
  • Freud, S. (1953). Three essays on the theory of sexuality, (7. Baskı). London: Hogarth Press.
  • Friedman, M. S., Koeske, G. F., Silvestre, A. J., Korr, W. S. ve Sites, E. W. (2006). The impact of gender-role nonconforming behavior, bullying, and social support on suicidality among gay male youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(5), 621–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.04.014
  • Guest, G., MacQueen, K. ve Namey, E. (2012). Applied thematic analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Horn, A. J. ve Wong, Y. J. (2014). Fathering gay sons: A typology of fathering concerns and clinical recommendations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(4), 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037632
  • İnsan Cinselliği Dergisi Komisyonu. (2022). Eşcinselliğin Gelişimi ve Eşcinsel Ebeveynlik Tartışmaları (Çev. Ed., N. Güner). İstanbul: Ayık Kitap.
  • İnsan Cinselliği Dergisi Komisyonu. (2022a). Eşcinselliğin Nedenleri Eşcinsel Eğilim ve Freud (Çev. Ed., N. Güner). İstanbul: Ayık Kitap.
  • Kildare, C. A., ve Middlemiss, W. (2017). Impact of parents mobile device use on parentchild interaction: A literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 579–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.003
  • King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D. ve Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
  • Lamb, M. E., ve Lemonda, C. S. (2004). The Role of the Father: An Introduction. (Ed. M. E. Lamb), The Role of the Father in Child Development içinde (pp. 1-32). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Levant, R. F., Gerdes, Z. T., Jadaszewski, S. ve Alto, K. M. (2018). “Not my father’s son”: Qualitative investigation of U.S. men’s perceptions of their fathers’ expectations and influence. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 26(2), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060826517734380
  • Levant, R., Gerdes, Z., Alto, K., Jadaszewski, S. ve Mcdermott, R. (2017). Development and Evaluation of the Fathers’ Expectations About Sons’ Masculinity Scale (Short Form). Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 19(3),325. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000108
  • LeVay, S. (2017). Gay, straight, and the reason why: The science of sexual orientation (Second edition). Oxford University Press.
  • Livingston, J. ve Fourie, E. (2016). The experiences and meanings that shape heterosexual fathers’ relationships with their gay sons in south africa. Journal of Homosexuality, 63(12), 1630–1659. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1158009
  • McAndrew, S. ve Warne, T. (2010). Coming out to talk about suicide: Gay men and suicidality. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 19(2), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2009.00644.x
  • McCutcheon, J. M. ve Bishop, C. (2015). An erotic alternative? Women’s perception of gay pornography. Psychology & Sexuality, 6(1), 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2014.983740
  • Mishna, F., Newman, P. A., Daley, A. ve Solomon, S. (2009). Bullying of Lesbian and Gay Youth: A Qualitative Investigation. The British Journal of Social Work, 39(8), 1598– 1614. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcm148
  • Ngun, T. C., Ghahramani, N., Sánchez, F. J., Bocklandt, S. ve Vilain, E. (2011). The genetics of sex differences in brain and behavior. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 32(2), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.10.001
  • Padgug, R. (1979). Sexual matters: On conceptualizing sexuality in history. Radical History Review, 20, 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1979-20-3
  • Paquette, D. (2004). Theorizing the father-child relationship: mechanisms and developmental outcomes. Human Development, 47(4), 193–219. https://doi.org/10.1159/000078723
  • Plummer, K. (1981). The Making of the Modern Homosexual (Ed., K. Plummer.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Ramsay, G. (2017). Straight women seeing gay porn: ‘He’s too good looking!’ Porn Studies, 4(2), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2017.1299037
  • Robert A. ve Padgug. (2002). Sexual matters: On conceptualizing sexuality in history. In Culture, Society And Sexuality (pp. 15–28). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203020173-4
  • Rohner, R. P. ve Veneziano, R. A. (2001). The importance of father love: history and contemporary evidence. Review of General Psychology, 5(4), 382–405. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.382
  • Ryan, W. S., Legate, N. ve Weinstein, N. (2015). Coming out as lesbian, gay, or bisexual: the lasting impact of initial disclosure experiences. Self and Identity, 14(5), 549–569. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1029516
  • Stein, M. (2012). Rethinking the gay and lesbian movement. Routledge. Troiden, Dr. R. R. (1989). The formation of homosexual identities. Journal of Homosexuality, 17(1–2), 43–74. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v17n01_02
  • Valentine, G., Skelton, T. ve Butler, R. (2003). Coming out and outcomes: negotiating lesbian and gay identities with, and in, the family. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 21(4), 479–499. https://doi.org/10.1068/d277t
  • West, C. ve Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1(2), 125–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243287001002002
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (10. Baskı), Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

GEY BİREYLERIN BABALARIYLA KURDUKLARI İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2024, , 329 - 357, 26.06.2024

Gizem Kurban Abuelenın , Hakan Karaman , Ömer Miraç Yaman

https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1363162

Abstract

Gey bireyler, uluslararası literatürde farklı boyutları ile ele alınmış olsa da Türkiye’de geylere ilişkin literatür oldukça kısıtlıdır. Bu çalışmada, ailede erkek çocuk olarak deneyimlenen süreçte gey bireylerin çocukluktan bugüne kadar şekillenen baba ilişkileri çeşitli boyutlarıyla incelenmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Kendisini gey olarak tanımlayan 9 katılımcı ile yapılan derinlemesine mülakatlar neticesinde, katılımcıların söylemleri analiz edilerek veriler temalandırılmıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçlarda katılımcıların çocukluklarında kendilerini genel itibariyle sessiz, yalnız, asosyal olarak tanımladıkları görülürken bu profilleri pekiştiren bir tecrübe olarak akran zorbalığına ilişkin ortak bir deneyim de ortaya çıkmıştır. Diğer yandan otoriter, ilgisiz, sert ve donuk mizaçlı baba profillerinin öne çıktığı görülmekte iken baba-oğul ilişkisi anlamında mesafeli ve kısıtlı iletişime sahip bir ilişki biçimi kendini göstermiştir. Özellikle ergenlik dönemi ile birlikte babayla olan ilişkilerin daha sık olumsuz yönde seyrettiği anlaşılmıştır. Diğer yandan katılımcılarda babaya ilişkin öfke, kırgınlık, pişmanlık, özlem gibi duyguların yoğun olduğu görülmüştür. Mevcut durumda ise babayla görüşmenin tercih edilmediği ya da mecburiyetten dolayı sınırlı düzeyde sürdürülen bir ilişki biçiminin varlığı söz konusudur. Dolayısıyla katılımcıların genel olarak babayla olan deneyimlerinin olumsuz yönde geliştiği görülmüştür. Babayla olan ilişki böylesine olumsuz bir tablo sunması, bu durumun gey bireylerin yaşamlarında ayırıcı bir karşılığı olabileceğini düşündürmüştür. Bu anlamda babayla olan ilişkinin çocukluk ve ergenlikteki karşılığını daha iyi ortaya koymak, gey kimliği ile nasıl ve ne düzeyde ilişkilenebileceğini anlamak adına ileri araştırılmaların planlanması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Gey Baba Aile İlişki Nitel Araştırma

References

  • American Psychological Association (2012). Guidelines for psychological practice with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. American Psychologist, 67(1), 10-42. doi: 10.1037/a0024659
  • Baltaci, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274.
  • Bregman, H. R., Malik, N. M., Page, M. J. L., Makynen, E., ve Lindahl, K. M. (2013). Identity profiles in lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth: the role of family influences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(3), 417–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964- 012-9798-z
  • Cardoso, F. L. (2010). Political and sexual attitudes concerning same-sex sexual behavior. Sexuality & Culture, 14(4), 306-326.
  • Cramer, D. W., ve Roach, A. J. (1988). Coming out to mom and dad: a study of gay males and their relationships with their parents. Journal of Homosexuality, 15(3–4), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v15n03_04
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (3. Baskı). Çev. Ed., M. Bütün ve SB Demir. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Foucault, M. (1990). The history of sexuality: an introduction, New York: Vintage.
  • Freud, S. (1953). Three essays on the theory of sexuality, (7. Baskı). London: Hogarth Press.
  • Friedman, M. S., Koeske, G. F., Silvestre, A. J., Korr, W. S. ve Sites, E. W. (2006). The impact of gender-role nonconforming behavior, bullying, and social support on suicidality among gay male youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(5), 621–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.04.014
  • Guest, G., MacQueen, K. ve Namey, E. (2012). Applied thematic analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Horn, A. J. ve Wong, Y. J. (2014). Fathering gay sons: A typology of fathering concerns and clinical recommendations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(4), 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037632
  • İnsan Cinselliği Dergisi Komisyonu. (2022). Eşcinselliğin Gelişimi ve Eşcinsel Ebeveynlik Tartışmaları (Çev. Ed., N. Güner). İstanbul: Ayık Kitap.
  • İnsan Cinselliği Dergisi Komisyonu. (2022a). Eşcinselliğin Nedenleri Eşcinsel Eğilim ve Freud (Çev. Ed., N. Güner). İstanbul: Ayık Kitap.
  • Kildare, C. A., ve Middlemiss, W. (2017). Impact of parents mobile device use on parentchild interaction: A literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 579–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.003
  • King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D. ve Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
  • Lamb, M. E., ve Lemonda, C. S. (2004). The Role of the Father: An Introduction. (Ed. M. E. Lamb), The Role of the Father in Child Development içinde (pp. 1-32). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Levant, R. F., Gerdes, Z. T., Jadaszewski, S. ve Alto, K. M. (2018). “Not my father’s son”: Qualitative investigation of U.S. men’s perceptions of their fathers’ expectations and influence. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 26(2), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060826517734380
  • Levant, R., Gerdes, Z., Alto, K., Jadaszewski, S. ve Mcdermott, R. (2017). Development and Evaluation of the Fathers’ Expectations About Sons’ Masculinity Scale (Short Form). Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 19(3),325. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000108
  • LeVay, S. (2017). Gay, straight, and the reason why: The science of sexual orientation (Second edition). Oxford University Press.
  • Livingston, J. ve Fourie, E. (2016). The experiences and meanings that shape heterosexual fathers’ relationships with their gay sons in south africa. Journal of Homosexuality, 63(12), 1630–1659. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1158009
  • McAndrew, S. ve Warne, T. (2010). Coming out to talk about suicide: Gay men and suicidality. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 19(2), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2009.00644.x
  • McCutcheon, J. M. ve Bishop, C. (2015). An erotic alternative? Women’s perception of gay pornography. Psychology & Sexuality, 6(1), 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2014.983740
  • Mishna, F., Newman, P. A., Daley, A. ve Solomon, S. (2009). Bullying of Lesbian and Gay Youth: A Qualitative Investigation. The British Journal of Social Work, 39(8), 1598– 1614. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcm148
  • Ngun, T. C., Ghahramani, N., Sánchez, F. J., Bocklandt, S. ve Vilain, E. (2011). The genetics of sex differences in brain and behavior. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 32(2), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.10.001
  • Padgug, R. (1979). Sexual matters: On conceptualizing sexuality in history. Radical History Review, 20, 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1979-20-3
  • Paquette, D. (2004). Theorizing the father-child relationship: mechanisms and developmental outcomes. Human Development, 47(4), 193–219. https://doi.org/10.1159/000078723
  • Plummer, K. (1981). The Making of the Modern Homosexual (Ed., K. Plummer.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Ramsay, G. (2017). Straight women seeing gay porn: ‘He’s too good looking!’ Porn Studies, 4(2), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2017.1299037
  • Robert A. ve Padgug. (2002). Sexual matters: On conceptualizing sexuality in history. In Culture, Society And Sexuality (pp. 15–28). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203020173-4
  • Rohner, R. P. ve Veneziano, R. A. (2001). The importance of father love: history and contemporary evidence. Review of General Psychology, 5(4), 382–405. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.382
  • Ryan, W. S., Legate, N. ve Weinstein, N. (2015). Coming out as lesbian, gay, or bisexual: the lasting impact of initial disclosure experiences. Self and Identity, 14(5), 549–569. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1029516
  • Stein, M. (2012). Rethinking the gay and lesbian movement. Routledge. Troiden, Dr. R. R. (1989). The formation of homosexual identities. Journal of Homosexuality, 17(1–2), 43–74. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v17n01_02
  • Valentine, G., Skelton, T. ve Butler, R. (2003). Coming out and outcomes: negotiating lesbian and gay identities with, and in, the family. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 21(4), 479–499. https://doi.org/10.1068/d277t
  • West, C. ve Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1(2), 125–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243287001002002
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (10. Baskı), Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Gender and Politics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gizem Kurban Abuelenın 0009-0004-6786-2198

Hakan Karaman 0000-0002-5729-6012

Ömer Miraç Yaman 0000-0001-9989-8575

Publication Date June 26, 2024
Submission Date September 19, 2023
Acceptance Date February 12, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Kurban Abuelenın, G., Karaman, H., & Yaman, Ö. M. (2024). GEY BİREYLERIN BABALARIYLA KURDUKLARI İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 12(1), 329-357. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1363162
AMA Kurban Abuelenın G, Karaman H, Yaman ÖM. GEY BİREYLERIN BABALARIYLA KURDUKLARI İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. June 2024;12(1):329-357. doi:10.14514/beykozad.1363162
Chicago Kurban Abuelenın, Gizem, Hakan Karaman, and Ömer Miraç Yaman. “GEY BİREYLERIN BABALARIYLA KURDUKLARI İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 12, no. 1 (June 2024): 329-57. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1363162.
EndNote Kurban Abuelenın G, Karaman H, Yaman ÖM (June 1, 2024) GEY BİREYLERIN BABALARIYLA KURDUKLARI İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 12 1 329–357.
IEEE G. Kurban Abuelenın, H. Karaman, and Ö. M. Yaman, “GEY BİREYLERIN BABALARIYLA KURDUKLARI İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”, Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 329–357, 2024, doi: 10.14514/beykozad.1363162.
ISNAD Kurban Abuelenın, Gizem et al. “GEY BİREYLERIN BABALARIYLA KURDUKLARI İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 12/1 (June 2024), 329-357. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1363162.
JAMA Kurban Abuelenın G, Karaman H, Yaman ÖM. GEY BİREYLERIN BABALARIYLA KURDUKLARI İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2024;12:329–357.
MLA Kurban Abuelenın, Gizem et al. “GEY BİREYLERIN BABALARIYLA KURDUKLARI İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, 2024, pp. 329-57, doi:10.14514/beykozad.1363162.
Vancouver Kurban Abuelenın G, Karaman H, Yaman ÖM. GEY BİREYLERIN BABALARIYLA KURDUKLARI İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2024;12(1):329-57.