Space and Place of Jerusalem; Sociology of Religion and Inter-Cultural Sociopolitical Peace and Conflict

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 47 - 72, 30.06.2022

Faruk Hadžić

https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.1036835

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The study presents cultural, religious and peace and conflict discourse on Jerusalem (Israel-Palestine conflict), attempting to remain outside the realpolitik and examine sociopolitical-religious synergy and critical peace and partially integral human securitisation. Interculturalism, multiculturalism, and such notions emerged in the 1970s, emphasising different cultures' equivalence and dialogue. Besides cultural and territorial determinants of the Arab-Israeli conflict, the status quo is conditioned by a religious rather than a secular approach to political organisation. Both civilisations view their inhabit area through religious rights, turning history into theology and different theology into sociopolitics. It presents a human conflict. While religion and nationalism based on power have often contributed to antagonism, and violence, the objectives of the three monotheist religions addressing peace suggest a shift towards mutual compromise from hegemonic visions to practical expectancies. Jerusalem is the holy place where all confessions have the right of residence. Infiltration of faith into this political dispute, Islamism, and Judaism is a religious aspect disputed between Jews and Arabs. Conflicts are mainly due to territory, and religion gives it a higher purpose within narratives regarding supernatural rights. Despite the inter-religious tensions and passions involved in the contradictory faith elevation at this religious source, the internal and external peace is influenced by politics. The holy city of Jerusalem is a perpetual “poor” case-study paradigm. The future sociopolitical life must work around healthy inter-cultural, inter-religious, socioeconomic development, and critical human security. The revenge practice could negatively influence (any) peace process–causes related to social, psychological, historical, cultural, and societal stagnation. Balkans–Bosnia and Herzegovina is a comparable paradigm to the Israel–Palestinian question. Similar policies maintain, clerical, national, and ethnopolitical patterns materialise, i.e., critical peace stalemate persists.

Keywords

Palestine, Israel, culture, human security, Peace, Dialogue

Kudüs’ün Yeri ve Önemi; Din Sosyolojisi ve Kültürlerarası Sosyopolitik Barış ve Çatışma

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Kudüs (İsrail-Filistin Çatışması) üzerindeki kültürel, dini barış ve çatışma söylemlerini sunmaktadır. Bu sırada dışarıdaki reel politik durumu, sosyopolitik-dini sinerjiyi, eleştirel barışı ve kısmî olarak ayrılamaz insani güvenliği hatırlatmayı amaçlamaktadır. Kültürler arası diyalog, çok-kültürcülük ve bu tarz nosyonlar; farklı kültürlere, eşitlik ve diyalog kavramlarına vurgu yapmak suretiyle 1970'lerde ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Arap- İsrail çatışmasındaki kültürel ve bölgesel belirleyiciler dışında, siyasi örgütlenmeye seküler yaklaşımdan ziyade statüsko, dini olarak şekillendirilmiştir. Her iki taraf da yerleşim yerlerini tarihten devşirdikleri dini haklara dayandırmakla tarihi teolojiye ve bu değişik teolojiyi de sosyopolitikaya dönüştürmektedirler. Bu da bir insan çatışması demektir. Güce dayalı din ve milliyetçilik zıtlaşma, düşmanlığa ve şiddete katkıda bulunurken; üç semavi dinin amaçları karşılıklı bir uzlaşma çerçevesinde hegamonik vizyonlardan uygulamalı beklentilere taşıyacak bir barışa işaret etmektedir. Kudüs, tüm söylemlerin direnme hakkının olduğu kutsal bir mekandır. Bu tartışmaya, inancın, İslam ve Yahudiliğin sızması Araplar ve Yahudiler arasındaki çekişmenin dini boyutudur. Aslında çatışma bölgeseldir ancak din buna daha yüksek bir amaç kazandırarak doğaüstü haklara dair anlatımlar ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu dini kaynaktan çelişkili inanç yükselişinin de dahil olduğu dinlerarası tansiyon ve tutkulara rağmen, iç ve dış barış siyasetten etkilenmektedir. Kutsal şehir Kudüs, sürekli olarak "kötü" vaka- çalışması paradigması içerisindedir. Geleceğe dönük sosyopoliti hayat; sağlıklı kültürlerarası, dinlerarası, sosyoekonomik gelişme ve vazgeçilmez insani güvenlik çerçevesinde çalışılmalıdır. İntikam alma eylemi, sosyal, psikolojik, tarihi, külütrel ve toplumsal durgunluğa bağlı her türlü barış süreç-sonucunu olumsuz etkileyebilir. Balkan- Bosna Hersek paradigması İsrail-Filistin sorunuyla karşılaştırılabilir bir paradigmadır. Benzer politikalar devam eder; dini, ulusal ve etnopolitik modeller gerçekleşirse, kritik barış çıkmazı devam eder.

Keywords

Filistin, İsrail, Kültür, İnsani Güvenlik, Barış, Diyalog

المكان والفضاء في القدس؛ علم اجتماع الدين ما بين الصراع والسلام بين الثقافات والتركيبة الاجتماعية السياسية

Abstract

تعرض الدراسة الخطاب الثقافي والديني والسلام والصراع حول القدس (الصراع الإسرائيلي-الفلسطيني)، في محاولة للبقاء خارج السياسة الواقعية ودراسة التآزر الاجتماعي والسياسي والديني بالاضافة للسلام النقدي والتأهيل الإنساني المتكامل جزئيًا. ظهرت التعددية الثقافية والثقافة البينية ومثل هذه المفاهيم في السبعينيات من القرن الماضي، مؤكدة على التكافؤ والحوار بين الثقافات المختلفة. إلى جانب المحددات الثقافية والإقليمية للنزاع العربي-الإسرائيلي، فإن الوضع الراهن مرتبط بنهج ديني وليس علماني للتنظيم السياسي. تنظر كلتا الحضارتين إلى منطقة سكنهما من خلال الحقوق الدينية، وتحول التاريخ إلى نظرية دينية والنظريات الدينية المختلفة إلى سياسة اجتماعية. حيث يمثل صراعًا بشريًا. في حين أن الدين والقومية القائمتين على السلطة غالبًا ما يسهمان في العداء والعنف، فإن أهداف الديانات التوحيدية الثلاث التي تتناول السلام تشير إلى تحول نحو التسوية المتبادلة من رؤى الهيمنة إلى التوقعات العملية. القدس هي المكان المقدس التي يحق لجميع الطوائف الإقامة. إن تسلل الجانب الديني إلى هذا الخلاف السياسي، من حيث الإسلام واليهودية جانب ديني متنازع عليه بين العرب واليهود. تعود النزاعات أساسًا إلى الأرض ويمنح الدين هدفًا أسمى ضمن الروايات المتعلقة بالحقوق الخارقة للطبيعة. على الرغم من التوترات بين الأديان والمشاعر التي ينطوي عليها ارتفاع الإيمان المتناقض في هذا المصدر الديني، يجعل تأثر السلام الداخلي والخارجي مرتبط بالسياسة. تعتبر مدينة القدس المقدسة نموذج دراسة حالة "افتقار" دائمة. يجب أن تكون الحياة الاجتماعية والسياسية المستقبلية متمحورة حول التنمية الصحيحة بين الثقافات والأديان والجانب الاجتماعي الاقتصادي والأمن البشري الهام. يمكن أن تؤثر ممارسة الانتقام سلبًا على (أي) عملية سلام - بأسباب تتعلق بالركود الاجتماعي والنفسي والتاريخي والثقافي والمجتمعي. نموذج البلقان / البوسنة والهرسك مشابه للقضية الفلسطينية-الإسرائيلية. السياسات المماثلة تحافظ على أن الأنماط الدينية والوطنية والعرقية السياسية تتحقق، بمعنى آخر تمثل استمرارية مأزق السلام الخطير.

Keywords

Jerusalem, Palestine, Israel, religion, culture, sociopolitics, human security, Peace, Dialogue

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