Research Article
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Ballıkaya tabiat parkı sucul sistemlerinin trofik durumunun belirlenmesi (Kocaeli, Türkiye)

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 351 - 358, 15.12.2021

Arzu Morkoyunlu Yuce , Arif Gönülol , Şebnem Erkebay

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.761821

Abstract

Gebze sanayi bölgesine yakın olan Ballıkaya deresi ve göleti alg florası ve su kalitesi henüz araştırılmamıştır. Bu nedenle dere ve göletteki suyun fizikokimyasal yapısının ve alg florasının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma, epilitik diyatomelere bağlı olarak çeşitli indeksler yardımı ile akarsuyun trofik düzeyini ve etki eden dış faktörleri tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca epilitik diyatomelere bağlı olarak çeşitli indeksler yardımı ile akarsuyun trofik düzeyi ve etki eden dış faktörler tespit edilmiştir. Ağustos 2016 ile Temmuz 2017 arasında, dereden 3 ve göletten 2 istasyon olmak üzere toplam 5 istasyondan mevsimsel olarak su ve taş örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan örnekler, standart teknik ve yöntemlere göre incelenmiştir.
Ballıkaya dere ve göletinde, Bacillariophyta (20), Chlorophyta (3), Euglenozoa (3), Cyanophyta (1), Ochrophyta (1), Miozoa (1) divizyolarına ait toplam 29 tür tespit edilmiştir. Suda ölçülen fizikokimyasal parametreler sırasıyla pH 7.6- 8.2, sülfat 29- 25 mg / L, sülfit 0.88-2.44 mg / L, amonyak azotu 0.03-0.55 mg / L, nitrit 0.03- 0.04 mg / L ve nitrat 1.16-. 8.28 mg / L arasında bulundu. Ballıkaya Deresi alg florasında suyun akışından dolayı sadece Bacillariophyta üyeleri bulundu. Havuzdaki alg florasında ise, durgun sudan dolayı Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenozoa, Ochrophyta ve Mioza türleri tespit edildi. Araştırma sonucunda TDI 57.55, IPS 3.55, IDG 3.33 ve TIT değeri 2,75 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ballıkaya Deresi ve göleti, diyatome indeksleri ve su kalitesi değerleri açısından değerlendirildiğinde, organik kirliliğe maruz kaldıkları ve II. Su kalite sınıfına yakın oldukları tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Alg Milli park Trofik indeks

References

  • Gönülol, A. & Arslan, N. (1992). Samsun-İncesu Deresi’nin alg florası üzerinde araştırmalar. Doğa-Tr J of Botany. 16: 311-334.
  • Tokatlı, C. & Dayıoğlu, H. (2011). Use of Epilithic Diatoms to Evaluate Water Quality of Murat Stream (Sakarya River Basin, Kütahya): Different Saprobity Levels and pH Status. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 5 (2), 55-60. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jabs/issue/34916/387262
  • Gönülol, A. (1985). Çubuk-1 Baraj Gölü algleri üzerinde araştırmalar 2- Kıyı bölgesi alglerinin kompozisyonu ve mevsimsel değişimi. Doğa Bilim Dergisi A2, 9(2), 253-268.
  • Çiçek, N.L (2018). Seasonal distribution of epilithic and planktonic algae in estuary zone of Aksu Stream (Isparta, Antalya/Turkey). Biological Diversity and Conservation. 11(2): 82-92.
  • Ongun Sevindik, T., Gönülol, A., Önem, B., Tunca, H. & Arabacı, S. (2015). Thirty new records for Turkish freshwater algal flora from Danamandıra Ponds (Silivri, İstanbul) and North Mollaköy Lake (Sakarya). Biological Diversity and Conservation. 8 (2): 4-15.
  • Stevenson, R.J. & Pan, Y. (1999). Assessing environmental conditions in rivers and streams with diatoms. In: E.F. Stoermer and J.P. Smol (Eds.), The Diatoms. Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences, Cambridge, p: 11-40.
  • Round, F.E. (1993). A reviev and methods for the use of epilithic diatoms for detecting and monitorin changes in river water quality. HMSO, London.
  • Water Framework Directive (2000). Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities L 327, 22.12.2000, 1-72.
  • Ács, É., Szabó, K., Tóth, B. & Kıss, K.T. (2004). Investigation of bentic algal communities, especially diatoms of some Hungarian Streams in connection with reference conditions of the water framework education directives. Acta Botanica Hungarica, 46(3-4): 255-277. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABot.46.2004.3-4.1
  • Ector, L. & Rimet, F. (2005). Using bioindicators to assess rivers in Europe: An Overview. In: Modelling community structure in freshwater ecosystems (Eds:S. Lek, M. Scardi, P.F.M. Verdonschot, J.P. Descy, & Y.S. Park): 7-19, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Solak, C.N. & Àcs, È. (2011). Water quality monitoring in european and Turkish Rivers using diatoms. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11:329-337. https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas.2011.0218
  • Barlas, M., Mumcu, F., Dirican, S. & Solak, C. N. (2001). Sarıçay (Muğla-Milas)’da yaşayan epilitik diatomların su kalitesine bağlı olarak incelenmesi. IV. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, s: 313-322.
  • Gürbüz, H. & Kıvrak, E. (2002). Use of epilithic diatom to evaluate water quality in the Karasu River of Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 23(3): 239–246.
  • Solak, C.N., Barlas, M. & Pabuççu, K. (2007). Akçay’ın (Büyük Menderes-Muğla) Bacillariophyta dışındaki epilitik algleri. Ekoloji, 16, 62; 16-22.
  • Solak, C.N. (2011). The application of diatom indices in the upper Porsuk creek Kütahya Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11: 31–36. https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas.2011.0105
  • Çelekli, A., Toudjani, A.A., Gümüş, Y., Kayhan, S., Lekesiz, H.Ö. & Çetin, T. (2019), Determination of trophic weight and indicator values of diatoms in Turkish runningwaters for water quality assessment, Turk J Bot.43: 90-101, https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1704-40.
  • Çevre Durum Raporu. (2016). T.C. Kocaeli Valiliği, Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, 148s.
  • APHA, (1995). Standart methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th ed., 1268 p., Washington.
  • Sladeckova, A. (1962). Limnological investigation methods fort he periphyton (Aufwouch) Community, Bot. Rev; 28, 286-350.
  • Round, F. E. (1953). An investigation of two benthic algal communities in Malharm Tarn, Yorkshire, J. Ecol. 41, 97-174.
  • Patrick R. & Reimer CW. (1975). The diatoms of The United States II. Acad. Sci, Philadelphia, 213p.
  • Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. (1991a). Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa Bacillariophyceae 3. Teil: Centrales. Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Gustav Fischer. 576.
  • Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. (1991b). Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa Bacillariophyceae 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1-4. Gustav Fischer. 437.
  • ,Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. (1999a). Bacillariophyceae, 1. Teil. Naviculaceae. In Süßwasser ora von Mitteleuropa. Hiedelberg-Berlin. DE: Spectrum Academischer Verlag.
  • Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. (1999b). Bacillariophyceae, 2. Teil. Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In Süßwasser ora von Mitteleuropa. Hiedelberg-Berlin. DE: Spectrum Academischer Verlag.
  • John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A. (2003). The Freshwater Algal Flora of The British Isles. An Identification Guide to Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae, Cambridge University Pres, pp: 702., Cambridge.
  • Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2019). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 16 September 2019.
  • Toudjani, A.A., Çelekli, A., Gümüş, E.Y., Kayhan, S., Lekesiz, Ö. & Çetin, T. (2017). A new diatom index to assess ecological quality of running waters: A case study of water bodies in western Anatolia. Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim. 53, 333–343 DOI: 10.1051/limn/2017012.
  • Lecointe, M. & Coste M. (2017). “Omnidia”: software. www.omnidia.fr., France.
  • Çetin, T. & Demir, N. (2019). The use of phytobenthos for the ecological status assesment in Upper Sakarya Basin, Turkey, Applıed Ecology And Envıronmental Research 17(4):10155-10172.
  • Tanyolaç, J. (2000). Limnoloji (Tatlısu Bilimi). Hatipoğlu Yayınevi, Ankara
  • Yüzeysel Su Kalitesi Yönetimi Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik. (2015). Resmi Gazete, 15 Nisan 2015, Sayı: 29327.
  • Round, F. E. (1984). The Ecology of Algae, Cambridge University Press, 653 p., Cambridge.
  • Allan, J. D. (1996). Stream Ecology. Chapman and Hall, London.
  • Egemen, Ö. (2006). Su kalitesi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, Yayın no:14, 6. baskı, s: 150, Bornova-İzmir.
  • Watson, S.B.,Whitton, B.A., Higgins, S.N.; Paerl, H. W., Brooks, B. W. & Wehr, J. D. (2015). "Harmful Algal Blooms". Freshwater Algae of North America. pp. 873–920. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385876-4.00020-7.
  • Gönülol, A., Öztürk, M. & Öztürk, M. (1996) Türkiye tatlısu alglerinin listesi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniv., Fen-Edeb. Fen.,Fen Dergisi, 7(1): 46s.
  • Aysel V. (2005). Check-list of the freshwater algae of Turkey. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 11(1):1-124.

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 351 - 358, 15.12.2021

Arzu Morkoyunlu Yuce , Arif Gönülol , Şebnem Erkebay

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.761821

Abstract

References

  • Gönülol, A. & Arslan, N. (1992). Samsun-İncesu Deresi’nin alg florası üzerinde araştırmalar. Doğa-Tr J of Botany. 16: 311-334.
  • Tokatlı, C. & Dayıoğlu, H. (2011). Use of Epilithic Diatoms to Evaluate Water Quality of Murat Stream (Sakarya River Basin, Kütahya): Different Saprobity Levels and pH Status. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 5 (2), 55-60. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jabs/issue/34916/387262
  • Gönülol, A. (1985). Çubuk-1 Baraj Gölü algleri üzerinde araştırmalar 2- Kıyı bölgesi alglerinin kompozisyonu ve mevsimsel değişimi. Doğa Bilim Dergisi A2, 9(2), 253-268.
  • Çiçek, N.L (2018). Seasonal distribution of epilithic and planktonic algae in estuary zone of Aksu Stream (Isparta, Antalya/Turkey). Biological Diversity and Conservation. 11(2): 82-92.
  • Ongun Sevindik, T., Gönülol, A., Önem, B., Tunca, H. & Arabacı, S. (2015). Thirty new records for Turkish freshwater algal flora from Danamandıra Ponds (Silivri, İstanbul) and North Mollaköy Lake (Sakarya). Biological Diversity and Conservation. 8 (2): 4-15.
  • Stevenson, R.J. & Pan, Y. (1999). Assessing environmental conditions in rivers and streams with diatoms. In: E.F. Stoermer and J.P. Smol (Eds.), The Diatoms. Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences, Cambridge, p: 11-40.
  • Round, F.E. (1993). A reviev and methods for the use of epilithic diatoms for detecting and monitorin changes in river water quality. HMSO, London.
  • Water Framework Directive (2000). Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities L 327, 22.12.2000, 1-72.
  • Ács, É., Szabó, K., Tóth, B. & Kıss, K.T. (2004). Investigation of bentic algal communities, especially diatoms of some Hungarian Streams in connection with reference conditions of the water framework education directives. Acta Botanica Hungarica, 46(3-4): 255-277. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABot.46.2004.3-4.1
  • Ector, L. & Rimet, F. (2005). Using bioindicators to assess rivers in Europe: An Overview. In: Modelling community structure in freshwater ecosystems (Eds:S. Lek, M. Scardi, P.F.M. Verdonschot, J.P. Descy, & Y.S. Park): 7-19, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Solak, C.N. & Àcs, È. (2011). Water quality monitoring in european and Turkish Rivers using diatoms. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11:329-337. https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas.2011.0218
  • Barlas, M., Mumcu, F., Dirican, S. & Solak, C. N. (2001). Sarıçay (Muğla-Milas)’da yaşayan epilitik diatomların su kalitesine bağlı olarak incelenmesi. IV. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, s: 313-322.
  • Gürbüz, H. & Kıvrak, E. (2002). Use of epilithic diatom to evaluate water quality in the Karasu River of Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 23(3): 239–246.
  • Solak, C.N., Barlas, M. & Pabuççu, K. (2007). Akçay’ın (Büyük Menderes-Muğla) Bacillariophyta dışındaki epilitik algleri. Ekoloji, 16, 62; 16-22.
  • Solak, C.N. (2011). The application of diatom indices in the upper Porsuk creek Kütahya Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11: 31–36. https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas.2011.0105
  • Çelekli, A., Toudjani, A.A., Gümüş, Y., Kayhan, S., Lekesiz, H.Ö. & Çetin, T. (2019), Determination of trophic weight and indicator values of diatoms in Turkish runningwaters for water quality assessment, Turk J Bot.43: 90-101, https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1704-40.
  • Çevre Durum Raporu. (2016). T.C. Kocaeli Valiliği, Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, 148s.
  • APHA, (1995). Standart methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th ed., 1268 p., Washington.
  • Sladeckova, A. (1962). Limnological investigation methods fort he periphyton (Aufwouch) Community, Bot. Rev; 28, 286-350.
  • Round, F. E. (1953). An investigation of two benthic algal communities in Malharm Tarn, Yorkshire, J. Ecol. 41, 97-174.
  • Patrick R. & Reimer CW. (1975). The diatoms of The United States II. Acad. Sci, Philadelphia, 213p.
  • Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. (1991a). Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa Bacillariophyceae 3. Teil: Centrales. Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Gustav Fischer. 576.
  • Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. (1991b). Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa Bacillariophyceae 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1-4. Gustav Fischer. 437.
  • ,Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. (1999a). Bacillariophyceae, 1. Teil. Naviculaceae. In Süßwasser ora von Mitteleuropa. Hiedelberg-Berlin. DE: Spectrum Academischer Verlag.
  • Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. (1999b). Bacillariophyceae, 2. Teil. Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In Süßwasser ora von Mitteleuropa. Hiedelberg-Berlin. DE: Spectrum Academischer Verlag.
  • John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A. (2003). The Freshwater Algal Flora of The British Isles. An Identification Guide to Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae, Cambridge University Pres, pp: 702., Cambridge.
  • Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2019). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 16 September 2019.
  • Toudjani, A.A., Çelekli, A., Gümüş, E.Y., Kayhan, S., Lekesiz, Ö. & Çetin, T. (2017). A new diatom index to assess ecological quality of running waters: A case study of water bodies in western Anatolia. Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim. 53, 333–343 DOI: 10.1051/limn/2017012.
  • Lecointe, M. & Coste M. (2017). “Omnidia”: software. www.omnidia.fr., France.
  • Çetin, T. & Demir, N. (2019). The use of phytobenthos for the ecological status assesment in Upper Sakarya Basin, Turkey, Applıed Ecology And Envıronmental Research 17(4):10155-10172.
  • Tanyolaç, J. (2000). Limnoloji (Tatlısu Bilimi). Hatipoğlu Yayınevi, Ankara
  • Yüzeysel Su Kalitesi Yönetimi Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik. (2015). Resmi Gazete, 15 Nisan 2015, Sayı: 29327.
  • Round, F. E. (1984). The Ecology of Algae, Cambridge University Press, 653 p., Cambridge.
  • Allan, J. D. (1996). Stream Ecology. Chapman and Hall, London.
  • Egemen, Ö. (2006). Su kalitesi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, Yayın no:14, 6. baskı, s: 150, Bornova-İzmir.
  • Watson, S.B.,Whitton, B.A., Higgins, S.N.; Paerl, H. W., Brooks, B. W. & Wehr, J. D. (2015). "Harmful Algal Blooms". Freshwater Algae of North America. pp. 873–920. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385876-4.00020-7.
  • Gönülol, A., Öztürk, M. & Öztürk, M. (1996) Türkiye tatlısu alglerinin listesi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniv., Fen-Edeb. Fen.,Fen Dergisi, 7(1): 46s.
  • Aysel V. (2005). Check-list of the freshwater algae of Turkey. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 11(1):1-124.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Conservation and Biodiversity
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Arzu Morkoyunlu Yuce 0000-0002-6467-7198

Arif Gönülol 0000-0003-2294-9076

Şebnem Erkebay 0000-0002-6467-7198

Publication Date December 15, 2021
Submission Date July 1, 2020
Acceptance Date November 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Morkoyunlu Yuce, A., Gönülol, A., & Erkebay, Ş. (2021). Ballıkaya tabiat parkı sucul sistemlerinin trofik durumunun belirlenmesi (Kocaeli, Türkiye). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(3), 351-358. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.761821
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