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Türkiye'de Safran (Crocus sativus L.) adı ile satılan bazı örneklerin Farmasötik Botanik açıdan değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 10 - 22, 15.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2022.1164430

Abstract

Crocus sativus L. (Safran, Fam. Iridaceae) antik çağlardan beri çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan tıbbi, ticari, tarihsel ve ekonomik olarak oldukça önemli olan bir bitkidir. Halk tarafından genel olarak yemeklere tat ve renk vermede kullanılan safran, yalnızca kurutulmuş stigmalarının kullanımından dolayı yetiştiriciliği ve hasatı zor olup dünyanın en pahalı baharatı olarak bilinir. Türkiye’nin 10 farklı ilinden “Safran” adı ile satılan örneklerin makroskobik ve mikroskobik özellikleri ile kurutma kaybı, yabancı madde miktar tayini, toplam kül miktar tayini, renk yoğunluğu tayini, fosfomolibdik asit reaksiyonu ve uzama tayini analizi testleri yapılarak Avrupa Farmakopesi (8.0) standartlarına uygunlukları araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada standart olarak Safranbolu’dan yerli bir üreticiden satın alınan (Standart 1) ve kendi yetiştirdiğimiz (Standart 2) safran örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmamız sonucunda 2 ve 4 numaralı örneklerin tamamen Carthamus tinctorius (Aspir) bitkisine ait olduğu morfolojik ve mikroskobik çalışmalarla tespit edilmiştir. Altı numaralı örneğin ise çok az safran stigması içerdiği ağırlıklı olarak Aspir toplu çiçek durumlarını içerdiği yine yapılan analizler ile ortaya konulmuştur.

Supporting Institution

Tübitak 2209-A

Project Number

1919B011703203

Thanks

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK 2209-A Üniversite öğrencileri yurt içi araştırma projeleri destek programı tarafından desteklenmiştir [1919B011703203]. Ayrıca bu çalışma Erciyes Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Farmasötik Botanik Anabilim Dalı’nda mezuniyet projesi olarak tamamlanmıştır.

References

  • Davis, P.H. (1984). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Volume 8. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Bhargava V. (2011). Medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron). International Journal of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Science, 3(3), 22-26.
  • Shahi T., Assadpour E., Jafari S.M. (2016). Main chemical compounds and pharmacological activities of stigmas and tepals of ‘red gold’; Saffron. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 58, 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.10.010
  • Bhandari, P. R. (2016). Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) for cancer chemoprevention, a mini review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(2), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.009
  • Açıkgöz ÖA (2010). Safran bitkisinin (Crocus sativus L.) yetiştirilmesi, kalitesi ve ticari önemi. Bartın Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Mousavi ,S.Z., Bathaie, S.Z. (2011). Historical uses of saffron, identifying potential new avenues for modern research. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 1(2), 57-66.
  • Tekiner, H., Pasayeva, L. (2014). The Place of Saffron in Turkish-Islamic Medicine. Lokman Hekim Journal, 4(3), 11-15.
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi (Geçmişte ve Bugün). İlaveli 2. Baskı, İstanbul, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Acar Sungur Y., İşkil R., Bürün B. (2017). Safran (Crocus sativus L.) Bitkisinde Biyoteknolojik Çalışmalar. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(2), 259-268. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.2017.155
  • Başer K.H.C., Kırımer N. (2022). Farmakognozi ve Fitoterapi. İstanbul, İstanbul Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • European Pharmacopoeia 8.0 (2008). Monograph Crocus sativus. Volume 2. Strasburg, Council of Europe
  • Bisset, NG. (1994). Max Wictl’s Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Boca Raton FL, CRC Press.
  • Mykhailenko, O., Desenko, V., Ivanauskas, L., Georgiyants, V. (2020). Standard operating procedure of Ukrainian Saffron cultivation according with good agricultural and collection practices to assure quality and traceability. Industrial crops and products, 151, 112376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112376
  • Şahin, G. (2021). Tarihsel süreçte safran (Crocus sativus L.) ve Safran’ın günümüzdeki durumu. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 173-214. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.850493
  • Knowles, P.F. (1982). Safflower, genetics and breeding. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), IAEA.
  • Kayaçetin, F., Katar, D. & Arslan, Y. (2012). Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’in Döllenme Biyolojisi ve Çiçek Yapısı. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 75-80. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tarbitderg/issue/11499/136987
  • Delshad, E., Yousefi, M., Sasannezhad, P., Rakhshandeh, H., & Ayati, Z. (2018). Medical uses of Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower), a comprehensive review from traditional medicine to modern medicine. Electronic physician, 10(4), 6672. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.19082/6672

Pharmaceutical botanical evaluation of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) called samples sold in Turkey

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 10 - 22, 15.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2022.1164430

Abstract

Crocus sativus L. (Saffron, Fam. Iridaceae) is a medicinal, commercial, historical and economically important plant that has been used in the treatment of various diseases since ancient times. Saffron, which is generally used by the public to add flavor and color to dishes, is difficult to cultivate and harvest due to the use of only dried stigmas and is known as the most expensive spice in the world. The macroscopic and microscopic properties of the samples sold under the name "Saffron" from 10 different cities of Turkey, as well as the drying loss, foreign matter amount determination, total ash amount determination, color density determination, phosphomolybdic acid reaction and elongation determination analysis tests were conducted and their conformity with European Pharmacopoeia standards was investigated. In this study, saffron samples purchased from a local producer in Safranbolu (Standard 1) and grown by ourselves (Standard 2) were used. As a result of our study, it was determined by morphological and microscopic studies that samples 2 and 4 completely belonged to the Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) plant. On the other hand, it has been revealed by the analyzes that the sample number six contains very little saffron stigma and mainly contains Safflower bulk flowers.

Project Number

1919B011703203

References

  • Davis, P.H. (1984). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Volume 8. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Bhargava V. (2011). Medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron). International Journal of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Science, 3(3), 22-26.
  • Shahi T., Assadpour E., Jafari S.M. (2016). Main chemical compounds and pharmacological activities of stigmas and tepals of ‘red gold’; Saffron. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 58, 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.10.010
  • Bhandari, P. R. (2016). Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) for cancer chemoprevention, a mini review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(2), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.009
  • Açıkgöz ÖA (2010). Safran bitkisinin (Crocus sativus L.) yetiştirilmesi, kalitesi ve ticari önemi. Bartın Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Mousavi ,S.Z., Bathaie, S.Z. (2011). Historical uses of saffron, identifying potential new avenues for modern research. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 1(2), 57-66.
  • Tekiner, H., Pasayeva, L. (2014). The Place of Saffron in Turkish-Islamic Medicine. Lokman Hekim Journal, 4(3), 11-15.
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi (Geçmişte ve Bugün). İlaveli 2. Baskı, İstanbul, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Acar Sungur Y., İşkil R., Bürün B. (2017). Safran (Crocus sativus L.) Bitkisinde Biyoteknolojik Çalışmalar. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(2), 259-268. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.2017.155
  • Başer K.H.C., Kırımer N. (2022). Farmakognozi ve Fitoterapi. İstanbul, İstanbul Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • European Pharmacopoeia 8.0 (2008). Monograph Crocus sativus. Volume 2. Strasburg, Council of Europe
  • Bisset, NG. (1994). Max Wictl’s Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Boca Raton FL, CRC Press.
  • Mykhailenko, O., Desenko, V., Ivanauskas, L., Georgiyants, V. (2020). Standard operating procedure of Ukrainian Saffron cultivation according with good agricultural and collection practices to assure quality and traceability. Industrial crops and products, 151, 112376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112376
  • Şahin, G. (2021). Tarihsel süreçte safran (Crocus sativus L.) ve Safran’ın günümüzdeki durumu. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 173-214. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.850493
  • Knowles, P.F. (1982). Safflower, genetics and breeding. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), IAEA.
  • Kayaçetin, F., Katar, D. & Arslan, Y. (2012). Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’in Döllenme Biyolojisi ve Çiçek Yapısı. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 75-80. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tarbitderg/issue/11499/136987
  • Delshad, E., Yousefi, M., Sasannezhad, P., Rakhshandeh, H., & Ayati, Z. (2018). Medical uses of Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower), a comprehensive review from traditional medicine to modern medicine. Electronic physician, 10(4), 6672. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.19082/6672
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yazel Özoğul 0000-0002-7378-5094

Ayşe Baldemir Kılıç 0000-0003-2473-4837

Project Number 1919B011703203
Early Pub Date April 14, 2023
Publication Date April 15, 2023
Submission Date August 19, 2022
Acceptance Date September 7, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özoğul, Y., & Baldemir Kılıç, A. (2023). Türkiye’de Safran (Crocus sativus L.) adı ile satılan bazı örneklerin Farmasötik Botanik açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 16(1), 10-22. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2022.1164430

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❖ Biological Diversity and Conservation/ Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma
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❖ Start Date Published 2008
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