Artificial nest studies conducted on <em>Osmia</em> species(Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in cherry orchards of Sultandağı (Afyonkarahisar)

Year 2012, Volume: 52 Issue: 4, 325 - 336, 24.12.2012

Yasemin Güler

Abstract

The study was carried out in two sweet cherry orchards in Sultandağı (Afyonkarahisar) at consecutive years in 2009 and 2010. The aim of the study was nested Osmia spp. (Hym.: Megachilidae), which are active during the cherry blossom, with the aid of artificial nests. The bundles of hollow stems of reed (Phragmites australis) with the different diameters were placed to the orchards in the first week of April in both years. As a result, in the artificial nests was determined to show nesting behaviour of Osmia bicornis (L.) and O. caerulescens (L.). Basic data relating to nesting biology such as percentages of nesting and of emergence from nests, sex ratios, the structures of nests of these species and their preferred nest diameters were obtained. In addition, Trogoderma versicolor (Creutzer) (Col.: Dermestidae) and Melittobia acasta (Walker)(Hym.: Eulophidae) were detected as two major factors preventing  the emergence of adult bees.

Keywords

-

Sultandağı (Afyonkarahisar) kiraz bahçelerinde Osmia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) türlerine yönelik yürütülen yapay yuva çalışmaları

Abstract

Bu çalışma, kirazların çiçeklenme döneminde aktif olan Osmia (Hym.: Megachilidae) türlerinin yapay yuvalar yardımı ile bu alanlarda yuvalanmalarını sağlamak amacı ile 2009 ve 2010 yıllarında Sultandağı (Afyonkarahisar)'nda iki kiraz bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Farklı çaplardaki içi boş kamışlar (Phragmites australis), her iki yılda da Nisan ayının ilk haftasında bahçelere yerleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Osmia bicornis (L.) ve O. caerulescens (L.) türlerinin bu alanlarda yuvalanma davranışı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu türlerin yuvalanma, yuvadan çıkış ve eşey oranları, yuva yapıları ile tercih ettikleri yuva çapları gibi biyolojilerine ait temel bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca Trogoderma versicolor (Col.: Dermestidae) ile Melittobia acasta (Hym.: Eulophidae)'nın yuvadan ergin arı çıkışını engelleyen iki önemli faktör olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Megachilidae, Osmia, yapay yuva, kamış, kiraz bahçesi

References

• Banaszak J. and Romasenko L. 1998. Megachilid bees of Europe. Pedagogical University of Bydgoszcz, Poland, 239 p.
• Benedek B. 2008. Preliminary Studies on Propagating Natural Mason Bee (Mixed Osmia cornuta and O. rufa) Populations in Artificial Media at the Sites for Fruit Orchard Pollination. International Journal of Horticultural Science, 14 (1-2), 95-101.
• Bosch J. and Kemp W. P. 2000. Exceptional Cherry Production in an Orchard Pollinated with Blue Orchard Bees. Bee World, 80, 163-173 [1999].
• Bosch J. and Kemp W. P. 2002. Developing and Establishing Bee Species as Crop Pollinators: the Example of Osmia spp. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) and Fruit Trees. Bull. Entomol. Res. 92, 3–16.
• Çakaryıldırım N. 2003. Kiraz. Bakış. Tarımsal Ekonomi Araştırma Enstitüsü, 3 (12), 1-4.
• Free J. B. 1993. Insect pollination of crops. Academic Press, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publ., 684 p.
• Free J. B. and Williams I. H. 1970. Preliminary Investigations on the Occupation of Artificial Nests by Osmia rufa L. (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Journal of Applied Ecology, 73, 559-566.
• Gathmann A. and Tscharntke T. 2002. Foraging Ranges of Solitary Bees. Journal of Animal Ecology, 71, 757-764.
• Gonzalez J. M., Teran J. B. and Matthews R. W. 2004. Review of the Biology of Melittobia acasta (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Additions on Development and Sex Ratio of the Species. Caribbean Journal of Science, 40(1), 52-61.
• Goodman R. 1994. Honeybee Pollination of the Fruit Tree Crops. Agriculture Notes, September, AG0092, 1-4.
• Goulson D. 2003. Conserving Wild Bees for Crop Pollination. International Journal of Food, Agriulture and the Environment, 1,142-144.
• Güler Y. and Kodan M. 2010. A New Record of Ectoparasitoid Melittobia acasta (Walker, 1839) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Turkey. Mellifera, 10 (19), 34-36.
• Güler Y., Aytekin A. M., Özdem A. ve Dikmen F. 2011. Sultandağı Havzası Kiraz Bahçelerindeki Tozlayıcı Arı Biyoçeşitliliği, Bunların Doğal Habitatlardaki Yayılışı ve Önemli Türlerin Desteklenmesine Yönelik Araştırmalar. TAGEM–BS-06/ 06-06 /01-25, Proje sonuç raporu, 50 sayfa.
• Ivanov S. P. 2006. The Nesting of Osmia rufa (L.) (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) in the Crimea: Structure and Composition of Nests. Entomological Review, 86 (5), 524- 533.
• James R. R. and Pitts-Singer T. L. 2008. Bee pollination in agricultural ecosystems. Oxford University Press US, 232 p.
• Krunic M. and Stanisavljevic L. 2006a. Population Management in the Mason Bee Species Osmia cornuta and O. rufa (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) for Orchard Pollination in Serbia. Entomologia generalis, 29 (1), 29- 38.
• Krunic M. and Stanisavljevic L. 2006b. Augmentation of Managed Populations of Osmia cornuta and O. rufa (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Southeastern Europe. Eur. J. Entomol., 103 (3), 695–697.
• Krunic M., Pinzauti A., Felicioli A. and Stanisavljevic L. 1995. Further Observations on Osmia cornuta Latr. and O. rufa L. as Alternative Fruit Pollinators, Domestication and Utilization. Archives Biological Sciences Belgrade, 47 (1-2), 59-66.
• Krunic M., Stanisavljevic L., Pinzauti M. and Felicioli A. 2005. The Accompanying Fauna of Osmia cornuta and Osmia rufa and Effective Measures Of Protection. Bulletin of Insectology, 58 (2), 141-152.
• Maeta Y. 1990. Utilization of Wild Bees. Farming Japan, 24, 13-19.
• Maeta Y. and Kitamura T. 1964. Studies on the Apple Pollination of Osmia. I. Idea and Present Conditions in Utilizing Osmia as Pollinators of Apples in Japan. Kontyû, 32, 45-52.
• Maeta Y. and Kitamura T. 1965. Studies on the Apple Pollination of Osmia. II. Characteristics and Underlying Problems in Utilizing Osmia. Kontyû, 33, 17-34.
• Maeta Y. and Kitamura T. 1974. How to manage the Mame-Kobachi, Osmia cornifrons (Rad.) for pollination of the fruit crops. Ask Co. Ltd., 16 p.
• Müller A. 1994. Die Bionomie der in Leeren Schneckengehausen Nistenden Biene Osmia spinulosa (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Veröffentlichungen Für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Baden Württemberg, 68-69, 291-334.
• Mader D. 1999. Geologische und biologische entomoökologie der rezenten seidebiene Colletes. Band I, Logabook, Köln, 807 p.
• Müller A. 2012, Palaearctic Osmiine Bees, ETH Zürich, http://blogs.ethz.ch/osmiini (Erişim tarihi: 15.07.2012)
• Özbek H. 2008. Türkiye’de Ilıman İklim Meyve Türlerini Ziyaret Eden Böcek Türleri. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 8 (3), 92-103.
• Özbek H. and Rozen J. G. 2007. Meyve çiçeklerini ziyaret eden yaban arı türlerinden Osmia cerinthidis Morawitz (Megachilidae)’in yuvası ve kleptoparazitoiti. Türkiye II. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 27-29 Ağustos 2007, Isparta, 54.
• Özbek H., Rozen J. G. and Ascher J. S. 2011. Osmia (ozbekosmia) avosetta Warncke (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini)’nin biyolojisi ile ilgili çalışmalar. Türkiye IV. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 28‐30 Haziran 2011, Kahramanmaraş, 37.
• Pinzauti M., Lazzarini D., Felicioli A. and Richards K. W. 1997. Preliminary investigation of Osmia cornuta Latr. (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) as a potential pollinator for blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) under confined environment, Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Pollination, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. 23-28 June 1996, 329-333.
• Raw A. 1974. Pollen Preferences of Three Osmia Species (Hymenoptera). Oikos, 25, 54- 60.
• Rieckenberg R. 1994. The busiest of bees. Buzz Words, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Feb. 25., 1- 4, New York, U.S.A.
• Roversi A. and Ughini, V. 1996. Influence of Weather Conditions of the Flowering Period on Sweet Cherry Fruit Set. Proceedings of the International Cherry Symposium, Budapest, Hungary, 14-18 June 1993. Acta-Horticulturae, 410, 427-433.
• Scheuchl E. 2006. Illustrierte bestimmungstabellen der wildbienen Deutschlands und Österreichs. Band 2: Megachilidae und Melittidae. Preisinger KG, Landshut, 192 p.
• Sampson B. J., Cane J. H., Kirker G. T., Stringer S. J. and Spiers J. M. 2009. Biology and Management Potential for Three Orchard Bee Species (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): Osmia ribifloris Cockerell, O. lignaria (Say) and O. chalybea Smith, with Emphasis on the Former. Acta Horticulturae, 810,549-556.
• Steffan-Dewenter I. and Schiele S. 2004. Nest Site Fidelity, Body Weight and Population Size of the Red Mason Bee, Osmia rufa (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), Evaluated by Mark-Recapture Experiments. Entomologia Generalis, 27, 123-131.
• Strohm E., Daniels H., Warmers C. and Stoll C. 2002. Nest Provisioning and a Possible Cost of Reproduction in the Megachilid Bee Osmia rufa Studied by a New Observation Method. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 14, 255-268.
• Thompson W. R. 1950. A catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pests. Section 1. Parasite Host Catalogue, Part 4. Parasites of the Hymenoptera, Isopoda and Isoptera, 2nd Edition. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 130 p.
• Torchio P. F. 1976. Use of Osmia lignaria Say (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Megachilidae) as a Pollinator in an Apple and Prune Orchard. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc., 49, 475-482.
• Torchio P. F. 1982. Field Experiments with the Pollinator Species Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson, in Apple Orchards: II, 1976 Studies (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc., 55, 759-778.
• Torchio P. F. 1984. Field Experiments with the Pollinator Species Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson, (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) in Apple Orchards: IV, 1978 Studies. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc., 57, 689-694.
• Torchio P. F. and Tepedino V. J. 1980. Sex Ratio, Body Size and Seasonality in a Solitary Bee, Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Evolution, 34, 993-1003.
• Torchio P. F., Asensio E. and Thorp R. W. 1987. Introduction of the European Bee, Osmia cornuta, into California Almond Orchards (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Environ. Entomol., 16, 664- 667.
• Vicens N. and Bosch J. 2000. Pollinating Efficacy of Osmia cornuta and Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae, Apidae) on 'Red Delicious' Apple. Environ. Entomol., 29 (2), 235-240.