The effect of hoeing time for weed management on yield and yield criteria of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)

Year 2021, Volume: 61 Issue: 4, 46 - 56, 31.12.2021

Hilmi Torun , Mine Özkil , Serdar Eymirli , İlhan Üremiş , Nihat Tursun

https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.908510

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Hoeing time is important in weed management and is effective to reduce weed populations in sunflower cultivation. The study was conducted between 2018-2019 to determine the hoeing times for mechanical weed control in sunflower in Adana province of Turkey. To determine weed control time in experimental fields, weeds were allowed to germinate in natural conditions at intervals between 15 days for mechanical hoeing at the emergence of sunflower to the harvest time. The interactions between weeds and sunflower yield criteria were observed by periodic hoeing treatments. At the end of the experiments, the criteria for sunflower yield, seed yield, oil content, oil quality, head diameter, plant height, weed biomass, and coverages of hoeing time effects were determined. Combining the two-year data, it was observed that the sunflower yield and seed yield were the highest in plots of 75 and 90 days weed-free, while the lowest yield and seed yield were observed in 60, 75, and 90 days weedy. It was determined that the sunflower oil yield was higher in plots of long hoeing period time, but the oil quality did not change. It was found that sunflower height were statistically similar for each year in different hoeing period times, moreover, sunflower head diameter was not affected. In weedy plots with shorter hoeing times, higher weed biomass due to increased weed coverage was noted. As a result, it was determined that long-term hoeing in sunflower weed management increases the yield, and hoeing time is significant in sunflower weed management.

Keywords

hoeing time, sunflower, weed management, yield and yield contents

Supporting Institution

Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü

Project Number

TAGEM-BSAD/16/1/04/02

Thanks

This study was financially supported by Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM) with the Project number "TAGEM-BSAD/16/1/04/02".

Ayçiçeğinde (Helianthus annuus L.) yabancı ot mücadelesinde çapalama süresinin verim ve verim kriterlerine olan etkisi

Abstract

Ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliğinde yabancı otlarla mücadelede çapalama süresi önemli olup, yabancı ot yoğunluklarının azaltılmasında etkilidir. Bu çalışmada, Adana ili ayçiçeğinde yabancı ot mücadelesi için mekanik çapalama sürelerine olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2018-2019 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme kurulan tarlalarda yabancı ot kontrol zamanlarını belirlemek için ayçiçeğinin çıkışından hasada kadar geçen sürede mekanik çapalamanın 15 gün ara ile etkileri belirlenmiş, yabancı otlanmanın doğal koşullarda oluşması sağlanmıştır. Parseller kurularak, ayçiçeği yetiştirme döneminde periyodik olarak yapılan mekanik çapalamanın yabancı ot-ayçiçeği verim kriterlerine olan etkileşimleri gözlemlenmiştir. Deneme sonunda yabancı otların yaş ağırlığı ve kaplama alanı ile çapalama süresi uzunluğunun ayçiçeği verimi, dane verimi, yağ verimi, yağ kalitesi, tabla çapı ve bitki boyuna olan kriterler belirlenmiştir. İki yıllık çalışma sonucuna göre ayçiçeği verimi ile dane verimi en yüksek 75 ve 90 gün boyunca çapa yapılmış parsellerde olduğu, en düşük ise 60, 75 ve 90 gün boyunca yabancı otlu bırakılan çapa yapılmayan parsellerde olduğu görülmüştür. Yağ veriminin çapa süresi daha uzun bırakılan parsellerde yüksek olduğu, ancak yağ kalitesinin değişmediği saptanmıştır. Çapa süresine bağlı olarak ayçiçeği bitki boy gelişimlerinin birbirine yakın olduğu, tabla çaplarının ise etkilenmediği ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Çapa süresi daha az olan yabancı otlu parsellerde yabancı ot kaplama alanlarının artışına bağlı olarak yabancı ot yaş ağırlıklarında da artışların olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ayçiçeğinde yabancı ot yönetiminde uzun süre çapa yapılmasının verimi arttırdığı ve ayçiçeğinde yabancı otlarla mücadelede çapalama süresinin önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

çapalama süresi, ayçiçeği, yabancı ot yönetimi, verim ve verim unsurları

Project Number

TAGEM-BSAD/16/1/04/02

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