Taze ve kuru fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotiplerinin Bean common mosaic virus ve Bean common mosaic necrosis virus’a dayanıklılık durumlarının araştırılması
Year 2022,
Volume: 62 Issue: 4, 5 - 13, 31.12.2022
İlyas Deligöz
,
Miray Sokmen
,
Nazlı Kutluk Yılmaz
,
Hüseyin Özçelik
,
Mücella Tekeoğlu
Abstract
Fasulyede Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) ve Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV)’a karşı mücadelede en etkili yol dayanıklı çeşit kullanmaktır. Fasulye ıslah çalışmalarında, dominant I geni ve ırka-spesifik resesif genlerin (bc-) kombine edilmesi ile fasulyede BCMV ve BCMNV’ye karşı uzun süreli dayanıklılık sağlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada kuru ve taze fasulye çeşitlerini, yerel genotipleri ve ıslah hatlarını içeren toplam 58 fasulye genotipi, BCMV ve BCMNV’ye karşı test edilmiş ve genotiplerin sahip oldukları dayanıklılık genleri araştırılmıştır. Öncelikle her bir genotip, BCMV’nin NL-4 ve BCMNV’nin NL-3 ırkı ile ayrı ayrı inokule edilmiş; inokulasyondan üç hafta sonra genotipler, ortaya çıkan simptomlara ve DAS-ELISA sonuçlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde; fasulye genotiplerinin içerdiği dayanıklılık genleri, I genine spesifik SCAR markör SW-13 ve bc-12 geni ile ilişkili SCAR markör SBD-5 kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Fenotipik ve moleküler test sonuçlarına göre test edilen 58 genotipin 37’sinin I geni, yedi tanesinin bc-22 geni ve üç tanesinin ise bc-12 genine sahip olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Supporting Institution
TÜBİTAK
References
- Acikgoz, S., 1984. The identification of viruses on Phaseolus vulgaris L. and their distribution and damages in Erzincan and Erzurum regions. PhD. Thesis. Erzurum. p. 75.
- Ali M. A., 1950. Genetics of resistance to the common bean mosaic virus (bean virus 1) in the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Phytopathology 40, 69-79.
- Arli-Sokmen M., Deligoz I., Kutluk Yılmaz N.D., 2016. Characterization of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) isolates in common bean growing areas in Turkey. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 146 (1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10658-016-0886-x
- Basavaraja T., Pratap A., Dubey V., Gurumurthy S., Gupta S., Singh N. P., 2020. Molecular and conventional breeding strategies for improving biotic stress resistance in common bean. (Eds) Satbir Singh Gosal, Shabir Hussain Wani, In: Accelerated Plant Breeding, 3, 389-421. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47306-8_13
- Bello M. H., Moghaddam S. M., Massoudi M., McClean P. E., Cregan P. B., Miklas P. N., 2014. Application of in silico bulked segregant analysis for rapid development of markers linked to Bean common mosaic virus resistance in common bean. BMC Genomics 15, 903. https://doi.org /10.1186/1471-2164-15-903.
- Cetin A. N., Uncu A. T., Turkmen O., 2021. Determination of genetic diversity and screening of BCMV and BCMNV resistance in some bean genotypes using molecular markers, Ereğli Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 1 (1), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.54498/etbd.2021.4
- Clark M.R., Adams, A. M.,1977. Characteristics of the microplate method of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virology, 34, 475-483. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-34-3-475
- Deligoz I., Arli-Sokmen M., 2013. Determination of resistance to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) in some common bean genotypes using qualitative, quantitative and molecular methods. Plant Protection Bulletin, 53(2), 101-113. https://doi.org/10.16955/bkb.33242
- Deligoz İ., Arlı-Sökmen M., Tekeoglu M., 2021. Phenotypic and molecular screening of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding lines for resistance to bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 20(6), 7-18. https://doi.org//10.24326/asphc.2021.6.2
- Drijfhout E., 1978. Genetic interaction between Phaseolus vulgaris and BCMV with implication for strain identification and breeding for resistance. Thesis. Centre for Agricultural Publication and Documentation, Wageningen, 98 p.
- Drijfhout E., Silbernagel M.J., Burke D.W., 1978. Differentiation of strains of Bean common mosaic virus. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 84, 13-26.
- Drijfhout E., 1994. Bean common mosaic virus. In: Compendium of bean diseases, Hall, R. (Ed.). APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
- Feng X., Poplawsky A.R., Karasev A.V., 2014. A recombinant of Bean common mosaic virus induces temperature insensitive necrosis in an I gene-bearing line of common bean. Phytopathology, 104, 1251-1257. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-14-0048-R
- Feng X., Myers J. R., Karasev A. V., 2015. A Bean common mosaic virus isolate exhibits a novel pathogenicity profile in common bean, overcoming the bc-3 resistance allele coding for the mutated eIF4E translation initiation factor. Phytopathology, 105, 1487–1495. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-15-0108-R
- Fisher M L., Kyle M M., 1994. Inheritance of resistance to potyviruses in Phaseolus vulgaris l.III. Cosegregation of phenotypically similar dominant responses to 9 potyviruses. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 89, 818-823.
- Galvez G.E., Morales F.J., 1989. Aphid-transmitted viruses. In H.F. Shawartz and M.A. Pastor-Corrales (Ed). Bean production problems in the Tropics, 2nd. Ed. CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 333-361.
- Haley S.D., Afanador L., Kelly, J.D., 1994. Identificaton and application of random amplified polymorphic DNA marker for the I gene (potyvirus resistance) in common bean. Phytopathology, 84, 157-160. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-84-157.
Johnson W.C. Gepts P., 1994. Two molecular markers linked to bc-3. Bean Improvement Cooperative Annual Report, 37, 206-207
- Johnson W.C., Guzman P., Mandala D., Mkandawire A.B.C., Temple S., Gilbertson R.L., Gepts P. 1997. Moleculer tagging of the bc-3 gene for introgression into Andean common bean. Crop Science, 37, 248–254. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700010044x
- Kelly J.D., 1997. A review of varietal response to Bean common mosaic potyvirus in Phaseoulus vulgaris. Plant Varieties and Seeds, 10, 1-6.
- Kelly J. D., Gepts P., Miklas P. N., Coyne D. P., 2003. Tagging and mapping of genes and QTL and molecular marker-assisted selection for traits of economic importance in bean and cowpea. Field Crops Research, 82(2-3), 135-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00034-0
- Kilic H. Ç., Hesna K. O. K., Yardimci N., 2020. Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus infections in bean production areas in The Lakes Region of Turkey. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 19, 386-392. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.705686
- Kyle M. M., Provvidenti R., 1993. Inheritance of resistance to potyviruses in Phaseolus vulgaris L. II. Linkage relations and utility of a dominant gene for lethal systemic necrosis to soybean mosaic virus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 86(2), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00222078
- McKern N.M, Mink G.I, Barnett O.W, Mishra A, Whittaker L.A, Silbernagel M.J, Ward C.W., Shukla D.D., 1992. Isolates of Bean common mosaic virus comprising 2 distinct potyviruses. Phytopathology, 82, 923-929. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-82-923
- Miklas P.N., Afanador L., Kelly J.D., 1996. Recombination facilitated RAPD marker assisted selection for disease resistance in common bean. Crop Science, 36, 86-90. https://doi.org/10.2135/CROPSCI1996.0011183X003600010016X
- Miklas P. N., Larsen R. C., Riley R., Kelly J. D., 2000. Potential marker-assisted selection for bc-12 resistance to Bean common mosaic potyvirus in common bean. Euphytica, 116, 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004006514814
- Melotto M., Afanador L., and Kelly J. D., 1996. Development of a SCAR marker linked to the I gene in common bean. Genome, 39, 1216-1219. https://doi.org/10.1139/G96-155
- Mondo M. J., Kimani P. M., Narla R. D., 2019. Validation of effectiveness marker-assisted gamete selection for multiple disease resistance in common bean. African Crop Science Journal, 27(4), 585-612. https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v27i4.4
- Morales F.J., Castano M., 1987. Seed transmission characteristics of selected Bean common mosaic virus strains in differential bean cultivars. Plant Disease, 71, 51-53. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-71-0051
- Mukeshimena G., Paneda A., Rodriguez-Suarez C., Ferreria J.J., Giraldez R., Kelly J.D., 2005. Markers linked to the bc-3 gene conditioning resistance to Bean common mosaic potyviruses in common bean. Euphytica, 144, 291-299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-7397-8
- Myers J.R., Strausbaugh C.A., Forster R.L., McClean P.E., 1996. Resistance and tolerance to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) in bean. Bean Improvement Cooperative Annual Report, 39, 94-95.
- Naderpour M., Lund O.S., Larsen R., Johansen E., 2010. Potyviral resistance derived from cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris carrying bc-3 is associated with the homozygotic presence of a mutated eIF4E allele. Molecular Plant Pathology, 11, 255-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364- 3703.2009.00602.x
- Palacioglu G., Sanli I., Bayraktar H., Ozer G., 2020. Determination of resistance sources to BCMV and BCMNV in some common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown in Turkey. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 453-460. https://doi.org/ 10.24180/ijaws.749476
- Pasev G., Dimitrina K., Svetla S., 2014. Identification of genes for resistance to Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding lines using conventional and molecular methods. Journal of Phytopatholgy, 162(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12149
- Ruhimbana C., Mutlu N., 2019. Marker-assisted pyramiding potyvirus resistance genes into Rwandan common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 32(3), 381-385. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.580098
- Silbernagel M.J., Mink G.I., Zhao R.L., Zheng G.Y., 2001. Phenotypic recombination between bean common mosaic and bean common mosaic necrosis potyviruses in vivo. Archives of Virology, 146, 1007-1020. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s007050170132
- Strausbaugh C.A., Miklas P.N., Singh S.P., Myers J.R., Forster R.L., 2003. Genetic characterization of differential reactions among host group 3 common bean cultivars to NL-3 K strain of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Phytopathology, 93, 683-690. https://doi. org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.6.683
- Tryphone G. M., Chilagane L.A., Deogracious Protas D., Kusolwa P. M., Nchimbi-Msolla S., 2013. Marker assisted selection for common bean diseases improvements in Tanzania: Prospects and future needs. In (Ed.), Plant Breeding from Laboratories to Fields. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/52823
- Worrall E. A., Wamonje F. O., Mukeshimana G., Harvey J. J., Carr J. P., Mitter N., 2015. Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus: relationships, biology, and prospects for control. Advances in Virus Research, 93, 1-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2015.04.002
- Yeken M. Z., Ozer G., Celik A., Ciftci V., 2018. Türkiye'de ticari fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) çeşitlerinde Bean common mosaic virus ve Bean common mosaic necrosis virus etmenlerine dayanıklılıkla ilişkili genlerin karakterizasyonu. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4), 613-619. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.471371
Screening of snap and dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for resistance to Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus
Year 2022,
Volume: 62 Issue: 4, 5 - 13, 31.12.2022
İlyas Deligöz
,
Miray Sokmen
,
Nazlı Kutluk Yılmaz
,
Hüseyin Özçelik
,
Mücella Tekeoğlu
Abstract
The most effective control of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) is achieved by using the seeds of resistant cultivars. During conventional breeding, resistance against BCMV and BCMNV in common bean can be developed by pyramiding the strain-nonspecific dominant I gene with strain-specific recessive (bc-) resistance genes for long-term virus control. In this study, a total of 58 bean genotypes involving registered green and dry bean cultivars, local genotypes, and breeding lines were tested for the presence of known resistance genes. First of all, each genotype was inoculated with the NL-3 strain of BCMNV and the NL-4 strain of BCMV separately, and the plants were evaluated for the symptom appearance and tested by DAS-ELISA to confirm the presence or absence of the virus after three weeks of sap-inoculation. In the last part of the study, the resistance genes in bean genotypes were investigated by SCAR markers of SW-13 linked with the I gene and SBD-5 linked to bc-12. According to the phenotypic and molecular tests, out of 58 common bean genotypes tested, 37 involved the I gene, and seven and three genotypes contained bc-22 and bc-12 genes, respectively.
References
- Acikgoz, S., 1984. The identification of viruses on Phaseolus vulgaris L. and their distribution and damages in Erzincan and Erzurum regions. PhD. Thesis. Erzurum. p. 75.
- Ali M. A., 1950. Genetics of resistance to the common bean mosaic virus (bean virus 1) in the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Phytopathology 40, 69-79.
- Arli-Sokmen M., Deligoz I., Kutluk Yılmaz N.D., 2016. Characterization of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) isolates in common bean growing areas in Turkey. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 146 (1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10658-016-0886-x
- Basavaraja T., Pratap A., Dubey V., Gurumurthy S., Gupta S., Singh N. P., 2020. Molecular and conventional breeding strategies for improving biotic stress resistance in common bean. (Eds) Satbir Singh Gosal, Shabir Hussain Wani, In: Accelerated Plant Breeding, 3, 389-421. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47306-8_13
- Bello M. H., Moghaddam S. M., Massoudi M., McClean P. E., Cregan P. B., Miklas P. N., 2014. Application of in silico bulked segregant analysis for rapid development of markers linked to Bean common mosaic virus resistance in common bean. BMC Genomics 15, 903. https://doi.org /10.1186/1471-2164-15-903.
- Cetin A. N., Uncu A. T., Turkmen O., 2021. Determination of genetic diversity and screening of BCMV and BCMNV resistance in some bean genotypes using molecular markers, Ereğli Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 1 (1), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.54498/etbd.2021.4
- Clark M.R., Adams, A. M.,1977. Characteristics of the microplate method of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virology, 34, 475-483. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-34-3-475
- Deligoz I., Arli-Sokmen M., 2013. Determination of resistance to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) in some common bean genotypes using qualitative, quantitative and molecular methods. Plant Protection Bulletin, 53(2), 101-113. https://doi.org/10.16955/bkb.33242
- Deligoz İ., Arlı-Sökmen M., Tekeoglu M., 2021. Phenotypic and molecular screening of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding lines for resistance to bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 20(6), 7-18. https://doi.org//10.24326/asphc.2021.6.2
- Drijfhout E., 1978. Genetic interaction between Phaseolus vulgaris and BCMV with implication for strain identification and breeding for resistance. Thesis. Centre for Agricultural Publication and Documentation, Wageningen, 98 p.
- Drijfhout E., Silbernagel M.J., Burke D.W., 1978. Differentiation of strains of Bean common mosaic virus. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 84, 13-26.
- Drijfhout E., 1994. Bean common mosaic virus. In: Compendium of bean diseases, Hall, R. (Ed.). APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
- Feng X., Poplawsky A.R., Karasev A.V., 2014. A recombinant of Bean common mosaic virus induces temperature insensitive necrosis in an I gene-bearing line of common bean. Phytopathology, 104, 1251-1257. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-14-0048-R
- Feng X., Myers J. R., Karasev A. V., 2015. A Bean common mosaic virus isolate exhibits a novel pathogenicity profile in common bean, overcoming the bc-3 resistance allele coding for the mutated eIF4E translation initiation factor. Phytopathology, 105, 1487–1495. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-15-0108-R
- Fisher M L., Kyle M M., 1994. Inheritance of resistance to potyviruses in Phaseolus vulgaris l.III. Cosegregation of phenotypically similar dominant responses to 9 potyviruses. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 89, 818-823.
- Galvez G.E., Morales F.J., 1989. Aphid-transmitted viruses. In H.F. Shawartz and M.A. Pastor-Corrales (Ed). Bean production problems in the Tropics, 2nd. Ed. CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 333-361.
- Haley S.D., Afanador L., Kelly, J.D., 1994. Identificaton and application of random amplified polymorphic DNA marker for the I gene (potyvirus resistance) in common bean. Phytopathology, 84, 157-160. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-84-157.
Johnson W.C. Gepts P., 1994. Two molecular markers linked to bc-3. Bean Improvement Cooperative Annual Report, 37, 206-207
- Johnson W.C., Guzman P., Mandala D., Mkandawire A.B.C., Temple S., Gilbertson R.L., Gepts P. 1997. Moleculer tagging of the bc-3 gene for introgression into Andean common bean. Crop Science, 37, 248–254. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700010044x
- Kelly J.D., 1997. A review of varietal response to Bean common mosaic potyvirus in Phaseoulus vulgaris. Plant Varieties and Seeds, 10, 1-6.
- Kelly J. D., Gepts P., Miklas P. N., Coyne D. P., 2003. Tagging and mapping of genes and QTL and molecular marker-assisted selection for traits of economic importance in bean and cowpea. Field Crops Research, 82(2-3), 135-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00034-0
- Kilic H. Ç., Hesna K. O. K., Yardimci N., 2020. Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus infections in bean production areas in The Lakes Region of Turkey. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 19, 386-392. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.705686
- Kyle M. M., Provvidenti R., 1993. Inheritance of resistance to potyviruses in Phaseolus vulgaris L. II. Linkage relations and utility of a dominant gene for lethal systemic necrosis to soybean mosaic virus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 86(2), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00222078
- McKern N.M, Mink G.I, Barnett O.W, Mishra A, Whittaker L.A, Silbernagel M.J, Ward C.W., Shukla D.D., 1992. Isolates of Bean common mosaic virus comprising 2 distinct potyviruses. Phytopathology, 82, 923-929. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-82-923
- Miklas P.N., Afanador L., Kelly J.D., 1996. Recombination facilitated RAPD marker assisted selection for disease resistance in common bean. Crop Science, 36, 86-90. https://doi.org/10.2135/CROPSCI1996.0011183X003600010016X
- Miklas P. N., Larsen R. C., Riley R., Kelly J. D., 2000. Potential marker-assisted selection for bc-12 resistance to Bean common mosaic potyvirus in common bean. Euphytica, 116, 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004006514814
- Melotto M., Afanador L., and Kelly J. D., 1996. Development of a SCAR marker linked to the I gene in common bean. Genome, 39, 1216-1219. https://doi.org/10.1139/G96-155
- Mondo M. J., Kimani P. M., Narla R. D., 2019. Validation of effectiveness marker-assisted gamete selection for multiple disease resistance in common bean. African Crop Science Journal, 27(4), 585-612. https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v27i4.4
- Morales F.J., Castano M., 1987. Seed transmission characteristics of selected Bean common mosaic virus strains in differential bean cultivars. Plant Disease, 71, 51-53. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-71-0051
- Mukeshimena G., Paneda A., Rodriguez-Suarez C., Ferreria J.J., Giraldez R., Kelly J.D., 2005. Markers linked to the bc-3 gene conditioning resistance to Bean common mosaic potyviruses in common bean. Euphytica, 144, 291-299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-7397-8
- Myers J.R., Strausbaugh C.A., Forster R.L., McClean P.E., 1996. Resistance and tolerance to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) in bean. Bean Improvement Cooperative Annual Report, 39, 94-95.
- Naderpour M., Lund O.S., Larsen R., Johansen E., 2010. Potyviral resistance derived from cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris carrying bc-3 is associated with the homozygotic presence of a mutated eIF4E allele. Molecular Plant Pathology, 11, 255-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364- 3703.2009.00602.x
- Palacioglu G., Sanli I., Bayraktar H., Ozer G., 2020. Determination of resistance sources to BCMV and BCMNV in some common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown in Turkey. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 453-460. https://doi.org/ 10.24180/ijaws.749476
- Pasev G., Dimitrina K., Svetla S., 2014. Identification of genes for resistance to Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding lines using conventional and molecular methods. Journal of Phytopatholgy, 162(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12149
- Ruhimbana C., Mutlu N., 2019. Marker-assisted pyramiding potyvirus resistance genes into Rwandan common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 32(3), 381-385. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.580098
- Silbernagel M.J., Mink G.I., Zhao R.L., Zheng G.Y., 2001. Phenotypic recombination between bean common mosaic and bean common mosaic necrosis potyviruses in vivo. Archives of Virology, 146, 1007-1020. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s007050170132
- Strausbaugh C.A., Miklas P.N., Singh S.P., Myers J.R., Forster R.L., 2003. Genetic characterization of differential reactions among host group 3 common bean cultivars to NL-3 K strain of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Phytopathology, 93, 683-690. https://doi. org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.6.683
- Tryphone G. M., Chilagane L.A., Deogracious Protas D., Kusolwa P. M., Nchimbi-Msolla S., 2013. Marker assisted selection for common bean diseases improvements in Tanzania: Prospects and future needs. In (Ed.), Plant Breeding from Laboratories to Fields. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/52823
- Worrall E. A., Wamonje F. O., Mukeshimana G., Harvey J. J., Carr J. P., Mitter N., 2015. Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus: relationships, biology, and prospects for control. Advances in Virus Research, 93, 1-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2015.04.002
- Yeken M. Z., Ozer G., Celik A., Ciftci V., 2018. Türkiye'de ticari fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) çeşitlerinde Bean common mosaic virus ve Bean common mosaic necrosis virus etmenlerine dayanıklılıkla ilişkili genlerin karakterizasyonu. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4), 613-619. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.471371