Year 2019,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 664 - 676, 28.06.2019
Özge Tuttokmağı
,
Asım Kaygusuz
References
- [1] Turan, M.T. 2014. Akıllı Şebekelerde Arıza Analizi ve Koruma. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul.
- [2] Yan R., Masood N. A., Saha T. K., Bai F., Gu H. 2018. The Anatomy of the 2016 South Australia Blackout: A Catastrophic Event in a High Renewable Network, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, pp 1-1.
- [3] Polat S., Şekerci H. 2013. Dünyada ve Ülkemizde Önemli Elektrik Çöküntüleri, III. Elektrik Tesisat Ulusal Kongre ve Sergisi, 12s. İzmir.
- [4] Chakraborty N. C., Banerji A., Biswas S. K. 2015. Survey on Major Blackouts Analysis and Prevention Methodologies, Michael Faraday IET International Summit 2015, pp 297-302.
- [5] Wu Y.K., Chang S. M., Hu Y.L. 2017. Literature Review of Power System Blackouts, Energy Procedia, 141: 428-431.
- [6] Bo Z., Shaojie O., Jianhua Z., Hui S., Geng W., Ming Z. 2015. An Analysis of Previous Blackouts in The World: Lessons For China׳s Power Industry, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42: 1151-1163.
- [7] Veloza O. P., Santamaria F. 2016. Analysis of Major Blackouts from 2003 to 2015: Classification of İncidents and Review of Main Causes, The Electricity Journal, 29(7): 42-49.
- [8] Zalostiba D., Barkans J. 2011. Blackout of A Power System: How to Avert It Without Staff Participation?, 2011 International Conference on Advanced Power System Automation and Protection, pp 42-48, Beijing.
- [9] Rahman K.M.J., Munnee M.M., Khan S.2016. Largest Blackouts Around The World: Trends and Data Analyses”, 2016 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE), pp 155-159, Pune.
- [10] UCTE-Final Report of the Investigation Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy. http://www.rae.gr/old/cases/C13/italy/UCTE_rept.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2018).
- [11] Final Report System Disturbance on 4 November 2006. https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/_library/publications/ce/otherreports/Final-Report.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2018).
- [12] Reliability Standards for the Bulk Electric Systems of North America. https://www.nerc.com/pa/Stand/Reliability%20Standards%20Complete%20Set/RSCompleteSet.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2018).
- [13] Report on Blackout in Turkey on 31st March 2015. https://docstore.entsoe.eu/Documents/SOC%20documents/Regional_Groups_Continental_Europe/20150921_Black_Out_Report_v10_w.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2018).
- [14] Küfeoğlu S., Lehtonen M. 2015. Interruption Costs of Service Sector Electricity Customers, A Hybrid Approach, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 64: 588-595.
- [15] Kariuki K.K., Allan R.N. 1996. Factors Affecting Customer Outage Costs Due to Electric Service Interruptions, Transmission and Distribution IEE Proceedings - Generation, 143(6): 521-528.
- [16] Park H. 2010. The Social Structure of Large Scale Blackouts Changing Environment, Institutional Imbalance and Unresponsive Organizations, the State University of New Jersey, Ph.D., New Jersey.
- [17] Atputharajah A., Saha T.K. 2009. Power System Blackouts - Literature Review, 2009 International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), pp 460-465, Sri Lanka.
- [18] Saini A.K. 2014. Benefit-Function of Two-Identical Cold Standby System Subject to Failure due to Power Outage and Human Errors”, International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems (IJEECS), 2: 8-9.
- [19] Liu Y., Fan R., Terzija V. 2016. Power System Restoration: A Literature Review from 2006 to 2016, Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 4(3): 332-341.
- [20] Slezak M. 2016. South Australia’s Blackout Explained (and no, renewables aren’t to blame), https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016 (Erişim tarihi: 24.12.2018).
- [21] Power Returning After Massive Outage Hits Puerto Rico CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/12/us/puerto-rico-power-outage/index.html. (Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2018).
- [22] Oral B., Dönmez F. 2008. Analysis of Disturbances in Large Power Systems: Case Study of the 1999 Marmara Earthquake, 2008 Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference, pp 163-167. Estonia.
- [23] Yoldaş B.Y., Kekezoğlu B., Ayhancı C. 2017. Blackout and Blackstart on Power Systems, Pressacademia, 5(1): 190-197.
- [24] İTÜ Mezunları Derneği. http://www.itumd.org.tr (Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2018).
- [25] Bozkurt Ö.Ö., Tayşi̇ Z.C., Bi̇ri̇ci̇k G. 2015. Power Load Forecast System for Turkish Electric Market, 2015 23nd Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), pp 569-572, Malatya.
- [26] Demi̇rel Ö., Kaki̇lli̇ A., Tektaş M. 2010. ANFIS VE ARMA Modelleri ile Elektrik Enerjisi Yük Tahmini, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(3): 601-610.
- [27] Staszewski Ł., Rebizant W. 2018. DLR-Supported Overcurrent Line Protection For Blackout Prevention, Electric Power Systems Research, 155: 104-110.
- [28] Kamali S., Amraee T. 2017. Blackout Prediction in Interconnected Electric Energy Systems Considering Generation Re-Dispatch and Energy Curtailment, Applied Energy, 187: 50-61.
- [29] Çınar M., Kaygusuz A. 2018. Self-Healing In Smart Grid: A Review, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2):492-503.
Büyük Ölçekli Elektrik Kesintilerinin İncelenmesi
Year 2019,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 664 - 676, 28.06.2019
Özge Tuttokmağı
,
Asım Kaygusuz
Abstract
Günümüzde
modern toplum yapısındaki değişimler ve teknolojideki gelişmelerle birlikte
elektrik enerjisi vazgeçilmez bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Elektrik enerjisinin
hemen hemen her sektörde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılması beraberinde enerjiye
olan talebin her geçen gün sürekli olarak artmasına dolayısıyla da enerji
talebinin karşılanmasında mevcut güç sistemleri yetersiz kalmasına neden
olmaktadır. Bu durumun üstesinden gelebilmek için güç sistemlerine eklenen yeni
üretim ve teknoloji birimleri mevcut sistemleri daha karmaşık hale
getirmektedir. Dahası enerji talebindeki artışın durdurulamaz olması sistemin
maksimum kararlılık sınırında çalışmasına neden olmaktadır. Yaşanılan bu durumlar
ise güç sisteminin bazı zorluklarla karşılaşma olasılığını arttırmaktadır. Güç
sistemleri için yaşanabilecek en büyük zorluk ise son yıllarda dünyada çok sık
meydana gelen elektrik kesintileridir. İnsan yaşamının hem sosyal hem de
ekonomik olarak ciddi şekilde etkilenmesine neden olan kesintilerin,
neden-sonuçlarıyla iyi bir şekilde analiz edilmesi, gerekli düzenlemelerin
yapılarak yaşanabilecek kesintileri ve etkilerini en aza indirgemesini
sağlaması açısından son derece önemlidir. Yaptığımız bu çalışmada hem dünyada
hem de Türkiye’de meydana gelen elektrik kesintilerinin nedenleri, etki
alanları ve alınabilecek önlemler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ayrıca örnek güç
sistemi üzerinden kesinti analizleri yapılmıştır.
References
- [1] Turan, M.T. 2014. Akıllı Şebekelerde Arıza Analizi ve Koruma. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul.
- [2] Yan R., Masood N. A., Saha T. K., Bai F., Gu H. 2018. The Anatomy of the 2016 South Australia Blackout: A Catastrophic Event in a High Renewable Network, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, pp 1-1.
- [3] Polat S., Şekerci H. 2013. Dünyada ve Ülkemizde Önemli Elektrik Çöküntüleri, III. Elektrik Tesisat Ulusal Kongre ve Sergisi, 12s. İzmir.
- [4] Chakraborty N. C., Banerji A., Biswas S. K. 2015. Survey on Major Blackouts Analysis and Prevention Methodologies, Michael Faraday IET International Summit 2015, pp 297-302.
- [5] Wu Y.K., Chang S. M., Hu Y.L. 2017. Literature Review of Power System Blackouts, Energy Procedia, 141: 428-431.
- [6] Bo Z., Shaojie O., Jianhua Z., Hui S., Geng W., Ming Z. 2015. An Analysis of Previous Blackouts in The World: Lessons For China׳s Power Industry, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42: 1151-1163.
- [7] Veloza O. P., Santamaria F. 2016. Analysis of Major Blackouts from 2003 to 2015: Classification of İncidents and Review of Main Causes, The Electricity Journal, 29(7): 42-49.
- [8] Zalostiba D., Barkans J. 2011. Blackout of A Power System: How to Avert It Without Staff Participation?, 2011 International Conference on Advanced Power System Automation and Protection, pp 42-48, Beijing.
- [9] Rahman K.M.J., Munnee M.M., Khan S.2016. Largest Blackouts Around The World: Trends and Data Analyses”, 2016 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE), pp 155-159, Pune.
- [10] UCTE-Final Report of the Investigation Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy. http://www.rae.gr/old/cases/C13/italy/UCTE_rept.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2018).
- [11] Final Report System Disturbance on 4 November 2006. https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/_library/publications/ce/otherreports/Final-Report.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2018).
- [12] Reliability Standards for the Bulk Electric Systems of North America. https://www.nerc.com/pa/Stand/Reliability%20Standards%20Complete%20Set/RSCompleteSet.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2018).
- [13] Report on Blackout in Turkey on 31st March 2015. https://docstore.entsoe.eu/Documents/SOC%20documents/Regional_Groups_Continental_Europe/20150921_Black_Out_Report_v10_w.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2018).
- [14] Küfeoğlu S., Lehtonen M. 2015. Interruption Costs of Service Sector Electricity Customers, A Hybrid Approach, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 64: 588-595.
- [15] Kariuki K.K., Allan R.N. 1996. Factors Affecting Customer Outage Costs Due to Electric Service Interruptions, Transmission and Distribution IEE Proceedings - Generation, 143(6): 521-528.
- [16] Park H. 2010. The Social Structure of Large Scale Blackouts Changing Environment, Institutional Imbalance and Unresponsive Organizations, the State University of New Jersey, Ph.D., New Jersey.
- [17] Atputharajah A., Saha T.K. 2009. Power System Blackouts - Literature Review, 2009 International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), pp 460-465, Sri Lanka.
- [18] Saini A.K. 2014. Benefit-Function of Two-Identical Cold Standby System Subject to Failure due to Power Outage and Human Errors”, International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems (IJEECS), 2: 8-9.
- [19] Liu Y., Fan R., Terzija V. 2016. Power System Restoration: A Literature Review from 2006 to 2016, Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 4(3): 332-341.
- [20] Slezak M. 2016. South Australia’s Blackout Explained (and no, renewables aren’t to blame), https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016 (Erişim tarihi: 24.12.2018).
- [21] Power Returning After Massive Outage Hits Puerto Rico CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/12/us/puerto-rico-power-outage/index.html. (Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2018).
- [22] Oral B., Dönmez F. 2008. Analysis of Disturbances in Large Power Systems: Case Study of the 1999 Marmara Earthquake, 2008 Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference, pp 163-167. Estonia.
- [23] Yoldaş B.Y., Kekezoğlu B., Ayhancı C. 2017. Blackout and Blackstart on Power Systems, Pressacademia, 5(1): 190-197.
- [24] İTÜ Mezunları Derneği. http://www.itumd.org.tr (Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2018).
- [25] Bozkurt Ö.Ö., Tayşi̇ Z.C., Bi̇ri̇ci̇k G. 2015. Power Load Forecast System for Turkish Electric Market, 2015 23nd Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), pp 569-572, Malatya.
- [26] Demi̇rel Ö., Kaki̇lli̇ A., Tektaş M. 2010. ANFIS VE ARMA Modelleri ile Elektrik Enerjisi Yük Tahmini, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(3): 601-610.
- [27] Staszewski Ł., Rebizant W. 2018. DLR-Supported Overcurrent Line Protection For Blackout Prevention, Electric Power Systems Research, 155: 104-110.
- [28] Kamali S., Amraee T. 2017. Blackout Prediction in Interconnected Electric Energy Systems Considering Generation Re-Dispatch and Energy Curtailment, Applied Energy, 187: 50-61.
- [29] Çınar M., Kaygusuz A. 2018. Self-Healing In Smart Grid: A Review, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2):492-503.