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Tag: A Blockchain Inspired Data Structure

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 20 - 33, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.46387/bjesr.1213651

Abstract

In this study, the data structure of the blockchain is discussed from a software engineering perspective. The traceable, immutable, and provable nature of the data structure of the blockchain is among the issues to be dealt with in terms of software engineering. However, it is difficult to use in software development because the conventional data structures used in blockchain are intertwined with other blockchain-based technologies. In this article, the data structure is separated from blockchain technologies and made accessible to software engineers for various purposes. In doing so, numerous software engineering problems related to the blockchain data structure have been addressed and solutions developed. The proposed data structure has been validated and evaluated by comparing it with the traditional blockchain data structure. It is observed that the time/space complexity of our proposed data structure reduces on a logarithmic scale.

References

  • N. El Madhoun, J. Hatin, and E. Bertin “Going beyond the blockchain hype: In which cases are blockchains useful for its applications”, 3rd Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet), IEEE, pp. 21-27, 2019.
  • M. Belotti, N. Božić, G. Pujolle, and S. Secci “A vademecum on blockchain technologies: When, which, and how”, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 21 no. 4, pp. 3796-3838, 2019.
  • P. P. Ray, D. Dash, K. Salah, and N. Kumar “Blockchain for IoT-based healthcare: background, consensus, platforms, and use cases”, IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 85-94, 2020.
  • O. Ali, A. Jaradat, A. Kulakli, and A. Abuhalimeh “A comparative study: Blockchain technology utilization benefits, challenges and functionalities”, IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 12730-12749, 2021.
  • Y. Liu, X. Ma, L. Shu, G.P. Hancke, and A.M. Abu-Mahfouz “From Industry 4.0 to Agriculture 4.0: Current status, enabling technologies, and research challenges”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 4322-4334, 2020.
  • P. Bhattacharya, S. Tanwar, U. Bodkhe, S. Tyagi, and N. Kumar, “Bindaas: Blockchain-based deep-learning as-a-service in healthcare 4.0 applications”, IEEE transactions on network science and engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1242-1255, 2019.
  • M.B. Mollah, J. Zhao, D. Niyato, Y.L. Guan, C. Yuen, S. Sun, ... and L.H. Koh “Blockchain for the internet of vehicles towards intelligent transportation systems: A survey”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 4157-4185, 2020.
  • J. Bao, D. He, M. Luo, and K. K. R. Choo “A survey of blockchain applications in the energy sector”, IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 3370-3381, 2020.
  • M. Di Pierro “What is the blockchain?”, Computing in Science and Engineering, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 92-95, 2017.
  • T. Ahram, A. Sargolzaei, S. Sargolzaei, J. Daniels, and B. Amaba “Blockchain technology innovations”, IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON), IEEE, pp. 137-141, 2017.
  • V. Gatteschi, F. Lamberti, C. Demartini, C. Pranteda, and V. Santamaria “To blockchain or not to blockchain: That is the question”, IT Professional, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 62-74, 2018.
  • R.C. Merkle “Secrecy, authentication, and public key systems”. Stanford University, 1979.
  • N. Christofides “Graph theory: An algorithmic approach (Computer science and applied mathematics)”, Academic Press, Inc, 1975.
  • J. Golosova, and A. Romanovs “The advantages and disadvantages of the blockchain technology”. IEEE 6th workshop on advances in information, electronic and electrical engineering (AIEEE), IEEE, pp. 1-6, 2018.
  • A. Chauhan, O.P. Malviya, M. Verma, and T.S. Mor “Blockchain and scalability”, IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C), IEEE, pp. 122-128, 2018.
  • Q. Zhou, H. Huang, Z. Zheng, and J. Bian “Solutions to scalability of blockchain: A survey”, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 16440-16455, 2020.
  • J. Wielemaker, Z. Huang, and L. Van Der Meij “SWI-Prolog and the web”, Theory and practice of logic programming, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 363-392, 2008.
  • R. Mizoguchi, and K. Kozaki “Ontology engineering environments”, Handbook on Ontologies, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 315-336, 2009.
  • I. Konstantinidis, G. Siaminos, C. Timplalexis, P. Zervas, V. Peristeras, and S. Decker “Blockchain for business applications: A systematic literature review”, International Conference on Business Information Systems, Springer, Cham., pp. 384-399, 2018
  • C.G. Akcora, Y. R. Gel, and M. Kantarcioglu “Blockchain networks: Data structures of Bitcoin, Monero, Zcash, Ethereum, Ripple, and Iota”, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 12, no. 1, e1436, 2022.
  • H. Pervez, M. Muneeb, M.U. Irfan, and I. U. Haq “A comparative analysis of DAG-based blockchain architectures”, 12th International conference on open source systems and technologies (ICOSST), IEEE, pp. 27-34, 2018.
  • D. Przytarski “Using Triples as the Data Model for Blockchain Systems”, BlockSW/CKG@ ISWC, 2019.
  • D. Przytarski, C. Stach, C. Gritti, and B. Mitschang “Query Processing in Blockchain Systems: Current State and Future Challenges”, Future Internet, vol. 14, no. 1, 2021.
  • J. Eberhardt, and S. Tai “On or Off the Blockchain”, Insights on off-chaining computation and data, European Conference on Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing, Springer, Cham, pp. 3-15, 2017.
  • V. Buterin “A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform”, White Paper, vol. 3, no. 37, pp. 2-1, 2014.
  • D. Schwartz, N. Youngs, and A. Britto “The ripple protocol consensus algorithm”, Ripple Labs Inc White Paper, vol. 5, no. 8, p. 151, 2014.
  • L.M. Goodman “Tezos—a self-amending crypto-ledger”, White paper. URL: https://www.tezos.com/static/papers/white paper. 2014.
  • D. Voell, F.L.N., Gaski, R. Jagadeesan, R. Khasanshyn, H. Montgomery, S. Teis, ... and M. Bowman “Hyperledger whitepaper”, Published:https://wiki.hyperledger. org/groups/whitepaper/whitepaper-wg, 2016.
  • D. Mazieres “The stellar consensus protocol: A federated model for internet-level consensus”, Stellar Development Foundation, vol. 32, pp. 1-45, 2015.
  • L. Baird, M. Harmon, and P. Madsen “Hedera: A governing council and public hashgraph network”, The trust layer of the internet, whitepaper, vol. 1, pp. 1-97, 2018.
  • S. Popov “The tangle”, White paper, vol. 1, no. 3, 2018.

Tag: Blokzincirinden Esinlenilen Veri Yapısı

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 20 - 33, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.46387/bjesr.1213651

Abstract

Bu çalışmada blokzincirinin veri yapısı yazılım mühendisliği bakış açısından ele alınmaktadır. Blokzincirinin veri yapısının izlenebilir, değiştirilemez ve kanıtlanabilir doğası, yazılım mühendisliği açısından ilgilenilecek konular arasında görülmektedir. Ancak blokzincirinde kullanılan geleneksel veri yapıları diğer blockzincir tabanlı teknolojilerle iç içe olduğu için yazılım geliştirmede kullanımı zordur. Bu makalede, veri yapısı blokzinciri teknolojilerinden ayrılmış ve yazılım mühendisleri için farklı amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanılabilir hale getirilmiştir. Bunu yaparken, blokzinciri veri yapısıyla ilgili çok sayıda yazılım mühendisliği sorunu ele alınmış ve çözümler geliştirilmiştir. Önerilen veri yapısı, geleneksel blokzinciri veri yapısı ile karşılaştırılarak doğrulanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Önerilen veri yapısının zaman ve uzay karmaşıklığının blokzincirindeki veri seviyesindeki mekanizmalara göre logaritmik bir ölçekte azaltma sağladığı görülmüştür.

References

  • N. El Madhoun, J. Hatin, and E. Bertin “Going beyond the blockchain hype: In which cases are blockchains useful for its applications”, 3rd Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet), IEEE, pp. 21-27, 2019.
  • M. Belotti, N. Božić, G. Pujolle, and S. Secci “A vademecum on blockchain technologies: When, which, and how”, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 21 no. 4, pp. 3796-3838, 2019.
  • P. P. Ray, D. Dash, K. Salah, and N. Kumar “Blockchain for IoT-based healthcare: background, consensus, platforms, and use cases”, IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 85-94, 2020.
  • O. Ali, A. Jaradat, A. Kulakli, and A. Abuhalimeh “A comparative study: Blockchain technology utilization benefits, challenges and functionalities”, IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 12730-12749, 2021.
  • Y. Liu, X. Ma, L. Shu, G.P. Hancke, and A.M. Abu-Mahfouz “From Industry 4.0 to Agriculture 4.0: Current status, enabling technologies, and research challenges”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 4322-4334, 2020.
  • P. Bhattacharya, S. Tanwar, U. Bodkhe, S. Tyagi, and N. Kumar, “Bindaas: Blockchain-based deep-learning as-a-service in healthcare 4.0 applications”, IEEE transactions on network science and engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1242-1255, 2019.
  • M.B. Mollah, J. Zhao, D. Niyato, Y.L. Guan, C. Yuen, S. Sun, ... and L.H. Koh “Blockchain for the internet of vehicles towards intelligent transportation systems: A survey”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 4157-4185, 2020.
  • J. Bao, D. He, M. Luo, and K. K. R. Choo “A survey of blockchain applications in the energy sector”, IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 3370-3381, 2020.
  • M. Di Pierro “What is the blockchain?”, Computing in Science and Engineering, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 92-95, 2017.
  • T. Ahram, A. Sargolzaei, S. Sargolzaei, J. Daniels, and B. Amaba “Blockchain technology innovations”, IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON), IEEE, pp. 137-141, 2017.
  • V. Gatteschi, F. Lamberti, C. Demartini, C. Pranteda, and V. Santamaria “To blockchain or not to blockchain: That is the question”, IT Professional, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 62-74, 2018.
  • R.C. Merkle “Secrecy, authentication, and public key systems”. Stanford University, 1979.
  • N. Christofides “Graph theory: An algorithmic approach (Computer science and applied mathematics)”, Academic Press, Inc, 1975.
  • J. Golosova, and A. Romanovs “The advantages and disadvantages of the blockchain technology”. IEEE 6th workshop on advances in information, electronic and electrical engineering (AIEEE), IEEE, pp. 1-6, 2018.
  • A. Chauhan, O.P. Malviya, M. Verma, and T.S. Mor “Blockchain and scalability”, IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C), IEEE, pp. 122-128, 2018.
  • Q. Zhou, H. Huang, Z. Zheng, and J. Bian “Solutions to scalability of blockchain: A survey”, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 16440-16455, 2020.
  • J. Wielemaker, Z. Huang, and L. Van Der Meij “SWI-Prolog and the web”, Theory and practice of logic programming, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 363-392, 2008.
  • R. Mizoguchi, and K. Kozaki “Ontology engineering environments”, Handbook on Ontologies, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 315-336, 2009.
  • I. Konstantinidis, G. Siaminos, C. Timplalexis, P. Zervas, V. Peristeras, and S. Decker “Blockchain for business applications: A systematic literature review”, International Conference on Business Information Systems, Springer, Cham., pp. 384-399, 2018
  • C.G. Akcora, Y. R. Gel, and M. Kantarcioglu “Blockchain networks: Data structures of Bitcoin, Monero, Zcash, Ethereum, Ripple, and Iota”, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 12, no. 1, e1436, 2022.
  • H. Pervez, M. Muneeb, M.U. Irfan, and I. U. Haq “A comparative analysis of DAG-based blockchain architectures”, 12th International conference on open source systems and technologies (ICOSST), IEEE, pp. 27-34, 2018.
  • D. Przytarski “Using Triples as the Data Model for Blockchain Systems”, BlockSW/CKG@ ISWC, 2019.
  • D. Przytarski, C. Stach, C. Gritti, and B. Mitschang “Query Processing in Blockchain Systems: Current State and Future Challenges”, Future Internet, vol. 14, no. 1, 2021.
  • J. Eberhardt, and S. Tai “On or Off the Blockchain”, Insights on off-chaining computation and data, European Conference on Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing, Springer, Cham, pp. 3-15, 2017.
  • V. Buterin “A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform”, White Paper, vol. 3, no. 37, pp. 2-1, 2014.
  • D. Schwartz, N. Youngs, and A. Britto “The ripple protocol consensus algorithm”, Ripple Labs Inc White Paper, vol. 5, no. 8, p. 151, 2014.
  • L.M. Goodman “Tezos—a self-amending crypto-ledger”, White paper. URL: https://www.tezos.com/static/papers/white paper. 2014.
  • D. Voell, F.L.N., Gaski, R. Jagadeesan, R. Khasanshyn, H. Montgomery, S. Teis, ... and M. Bowman “Hyperledger whitepaper”, Published:https://wiki.hyperledger. org/groups/whitepaper/whitepaper-wg, 2016.
  • D. Mazieres “The stellar consensus protocol: A federated model for internet-level consensus”, Stellar Development Foundation, vol. 32, pp. 1-45, 2015.
  • L. Baird, M. Harmon, and P. Madsen “Hedera: A governing council and public hashgraph network”, The trust layer of the internet, whitepaper, vol. 1, pp. 1-97, 2018.
  • S. Popov “The tangle”, White paper, vol. 1, no. 3, 2018.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Software Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Alpay Doruk 0000-0002-6190-288X

Savaş Takan 0000-0002-7718-9476

Fatih Soygazi 0000-0001-8426-2283

Zeynep Demirtaş 0000-0002-5038-8141

Elnur Akkurt 0000-0001-8143-0851

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Doruk, A., Takan, S., Soygazi, F., Demirtaş, Z., et al. (2023). Tag: Blokzincirinden Esinlenilen Veri Yapısı. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.46387/bjesr.1213651
AMA Doruk A, Takan S, Soygazi F, Demirtaş Z, Akkurt E. Tag: Blokzincirinden Esinlenilen Veri Yapısı. BJESR. April 2023;5(1):20-33. doi:10.46387/bjesr.1213651
Chicago Doruk, Alpay, Savaş Takan, Fatih Soygazi, Zeynep Demirtaş, and Elnur Akkurt. “Tag: Blokzincirinden Esinlenilen Veri Yapısı”. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 5, no. 1 (April 2023): 20-33. https://doi.org/10.46387/bjesr.1213651.
EndNote Doruk A, Takan S, Soygazi F, Demirtaş Z, Akkurt E (April 1, 2023) Tag: Blokzincirinden Esinlenilen Veri Yapısı. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 5 1 20–33.
IEEE A. Doruk, S. Takan, F. Soygazi, Z. Demirtaş, and E. Akkurt, “Tag: Blokzincirinden Esinlenilen Veri Yapısı”, BJESR, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 20–33, 2023, doi: 10.46387/bjesr.1213651.
ISNAD Doruk, Alpay et al. “Tag: Blokzincirinden Esinlenilen Veri Yapısı”. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 5/1 (April 2023), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.46387/bjesr.1213651.
JAMA Doruk A, Takan S, Soygazi F, Demirtaş Z, Akkurt E. Tag: Blokzincirinden Esinlenilen Veri Yapısı. BJESR. 2023;5:20–33.
MLA Doruk, Alpay et al. “Tag: Blokzincirinden Esinlenilen Veri Yapısı”. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 1, 2023, pp. 20-33, doi:10.46387/bjesr.1213651.
Vancouver Doruk A, Takan S, Soygazi F, Demirtaş Z, Akkurt E. Tag: Blokzincirinden Esinlenilen Veri Yapısı. BJESR. 2023;5(1):20-33.