Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Freshwater Fish Species Retailed in Kayseri Region: Potential Public Health Hazard of Toxic Metals

Year 2023, , 27 - 36, 30.06.2023

Serife Tokalioglu , Zafer Gonulalan , Emrah Simsek , Nurhan Ertaş Onmaz , Erdal Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.58833/bozokvetsci.1290269

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the concentration of fourteen elements (Al, Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn) in 91 edible freshwater fish muscle samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical analyses such as principal component, cluster, and correlation analysis were done to evaluate the obtained data. The order of mean concentrations (mg/kg wet wt.) of metals in all fish meat samples were Al (204) > Zn (10.2) > Fe (6.43) > Cu (0.666) > Hg (0.589) > Ni (0.556) > Pb (0.497) > Cr (0.396) > Ag (0.291) >Se (0.144) > As (0.074) > Co (0.043) > Cd (0.037) >V (0.027). Hg, Ca, and Pb concentrations in some samples exceeded the permissible legal limits, whereas As was lower than maximum allowable limits. Ninety-one fish samples were categorized into five categories by PCA with Eigenvalues higher than 1.00. Cluster analysis results showed that the pollution with metal pairs analyzed might be from similar sources. In conclusion, as the long-term effect of low concentrations of heavy metals caused serious health problems ranging from carcinogenic effects to immunological disorders, heavy metal content in fish and fishery products must be closely monitored to protect consumer health.

Keywords

Freshwater fish, Heavy metals, HCA, ICP-MS, PCA

Supporting Institution

Erciyes University

Project Number

TSA-2018-7757

Thanks

This study was funded by the Scientific Research Project Unit of Erciyes University, Turkey(Grant No. TSA-2018-7757).

Türkiye'de Perakende Satışı Yapılan Tatlı Su Balık Türlerinde Ağır Metallerin Birikimi: Toksik Metallerin Potansiyel Halk Sağlığı Tehlikesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) cihazı kullanılarak 91 yenilebilir tatlı su balığı kas örneğinde 14 elementin (Al, Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn) konsantrasyonunun değerlendirilmesi amaçladı. Elde edilen verileri değerlendirmek için temel bileşen, küme ve korelasyon analizi gibi istatistiksel analizler yapılmıştır. Tüm metallerin numunelerdeki konsantrasyonları (mg/kg yaş ağırlık) sırasıyla; Al (204) > Zn (10.2) > Fe (6.43) > Cu (0.666) > Hg (0.589) > Ni (0.556) > Pb (0.497) > Cr (0.396) > Ag (0.291) >Se (0.144) > As (0.074) > Co (0.043) > Cd (0.037) >V (0.027) idi. Bazı numunelerdeki Hg, Ca ve Pb konsantrasyonları yasal limitleri aşarken, As izin verilen maksimum limitlerin altındaydı. Doksan bir balık örneği PCA'ya göre Özdeğerleri 1.00'den yüksek olan beş kategoriye ayrıldı. Küme analizi sonuçları, analiz edilen metal çiftleri ile kirliliğin benzer kaynaklardan olabileceğini göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, düşük konsantrasyonlardaki ağır metallerin uzun vadeli etkisi kanserojen etkilerden immünolojik bozukluklara kadar uzanan ciddi sağlık sorunlarına neden olduğundan, tüketici sağlığının korunması için balık ve su ürünlerinde ağır metal içeriği yakından izlenmelidir.

Keywords

Tatlısu balığı,, Ağır metaller, HCA, ICP-MS, PCA

Project Number

TSA-2018-7757

References

• 1. de Santana CO, de JesusTB, de AguiarWM, Franca WDJSA, Soares CAC. Trace elements in muscle of three fish species from Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2017; 189: 123. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-5801-1.
• 2. Keshavarzi B, Hassanaghaei M, Moore F, Mehr MR, Soltanian S et al. Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in three commercial fish species in the Persian Gulf.. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2018; 129: 245-252. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.032.
• 3. Sankar TV, Zynudheen AA, Anandan R, Nair PV. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metal residues in fish and shellfish from Calicut region, Kerala, India. Chemosphere 2006; 65: 583-590. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.02.038.
• 4. Rahman MS, Molla AH, Saha N, Rahman A. Study on heavy metals levels and its risk assessment in some edible fishes from Bangshi River, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Food Chemistry 2012; 134: 1847-1854. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.099.
• 5. Arulkumar A, Paramasivam S, Rajaram R. Toxic heavy metals in commercially important food fishes collected from Palk Bay, Southeastern India. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2017; 119: 454-459. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.045.
• 6. Gu YG, Lin Q, Huang HH, Wang LG, Ning JJ, Du FY. Heavy metals in fish tissues/stomach contents in four marine wild commercially valuable fish species from the western continental shelf of South China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2017; 114: 1125-29. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.040.
• 7. Velusamy A, Kumar PS, Ram A, Chinnadurai S. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in commercially important marine fishes from Mumbai Harbor, India. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2014; 81: 218-224. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.049.
• 8. Ikem A, Egiebor NO. Assessment of trace elements in canned fishes (mackerel, tuna, salmon, sardines and herrings) marketed in Georgia and Alabama (United States of America). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2005; 18: 771-787 doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.11.002.
• 9. Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ. Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology 2012; 133-164. doi:133-164. 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6.
• 10. Li J, Sun C, ZhengL, Jiang F, Wang S, Zhuang Z, Wang X. Determination of trace metals and analysis of arsenic species in tropical marine fishes from Spratly islands. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2017; 122: 464-469. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.017.
• 11. Mensoor M, Said A. Determination of heavy metals in freshwater fishes of the Tigris River in Baghdad. Fishes 2018; 3(2): 23. doi:10.3390/fishes3020023.
• 12. da Silva DLF, da Costa MAP, Silva LOB, dos Santos WNL. Simultaneous determination of mercury and selenium in fish by CVG AFS. Food Chemistry 2019; 273: 24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.020.
• 13. Uysal K, Emre Y, Köse E. The determination of heavy metal accumulation ratios in muscle, skin, and gills of some migratory fish species by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in Beymelek Lagoon (Antalya/Turkey). Microchemical Journal 2008; 90(1): 67-70. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2008.03.005.
• 14. Fallah AA, Saei-Dehkordi SS, Nematollahi A, Jafari T. Comparative study of heavy metal and trace element accumulation in edible tissues of farmed and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using ICP-OES technique. Microchemical Journal 2011; 98(2): 275-279. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.02.007.
• 15. Zhong W, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Yang R, Chen X et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in freshwater fish in the central and eastern North China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018; 157: 343-349. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv. 2018.03.048.
• 16. Zuliani T, Vidmar J, Drinčić A, Ščančar J, Horvat M, Nečemer M et al. Potentially toxic elements in muscle tissue of different fish species from the Sava River and risk assessment for consumers. Science of the Total Environment 2019; 650: 958-969. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.083.
• 17. Coelho I, Matos AS, Teixeira R, Nascimento A, Bordado J et al. Combining multielement analysis and chemometrics to trace the geographical origin of Rocha pear. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2019; 77: 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.12.005.
• 18. Yıldırım G, Tokalıoğlu S. Heavy metal speciation in various grain sizes of industrially contaminated street dust using multivariate statistical analysis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2016; 124: 369-376. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.006.
• 19. Carvalho ML, Santiago S, Nunes ML. Assessment of the essential element and heavy metal content of edible fish muscle. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2005; 382: 426-432. doi:10.1007/s00216-004-3005-3.
• 20. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) Tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals. Scientific Committee on Food Scientific Panel On Dietetic Products, Nutrition And Allergies, 2006.
• 21. Turkish Food Codex (TFC). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliği, 2022.
• 22. European Union (EU). Commission Regulation (EC) No. 629/2008. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L 173/6 2008.
• 23. World Health Organization (WHO). Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme Codex committee on contaminants in foods. Fifth session. The Hague, the Netherlands 2011.
• 24. Bilandžić N, Sedak M, Čalopek B, Đokić M, Varenina I et al. Element contents in commercial fish species from the Croatian market. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2018; 71: 77-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.02.014.
• 25. World Health Organization (WHO). Agents classifed by the Iarc Monographs, vols 1-122. Resource document. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 2015.
• 26. Klaassen, CD. Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons. Seventh Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill: Medical Publishing Division, 2013.
• 27. Shakeri A, Fard MS, Mehrabi B, Mehr MR (2020). Occurrence, origin and health risk of arsenic and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in sediments and fish tissues from the geothermal area of the Khiav River, Ardebil Province (NW Iran). Journal of Geochemical Exploration 2020; 208: 106347. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.106347.
• 28. Okati N, Moghadam MS, Einollahipeer F. Mercury, arsenic and selenium concentrations in marine fish species from the Oman Sea, Iran, and health risk assessment. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 2021; 13(1): 25-36. doi:10.1007/s13530-020-00062-6.
• 29. EFSA. Scientific opinion on the risk for public health related to the presence of mercury and methyl mercury in food. EFSA J 2012; 10 (12) :2985.doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2985.
• 30. Yi YJ, Zhang SH. The relationships between fish heavy metal concentrations and fish size in the upper and middle reach of Yangtze River. Procedia Environmental Sciences 2012; 13: 1699-1707. doi: 10.1016/ j.proenv.2012.01.163.
• 31. Zhang D, Zhang X, Tian L, Ye F, Huang X et al. Seasonal and spatial dynamics of trace elements in water and sediment from Pearl River Estuary, South China. Environmental Earth Sciences 2013; 68(4): 1053-1063. doi:10.1007/s12665-012-1807-8.
• 32. Soltani N, Moore F, Keshavarzi B, Sharifi R. Geochemistry of trace metals and rare earth elements in stream water, stream sediments and acid mine drainage from Darrehzar Copper Mine, Kerman, Iran. Water Quality, Exposure and Health 2014; 6(3): 97-114. doi:10.1007/s12403-014-0114-x.
• 33. Filipiak-Szok A, Kurzawa M, Szłyk E. Determination of toxic metals by ICP-MS in Asiatic and European medicinal plants and dietary supplements. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2015; 54-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.10.008.