Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Sağlık Harcamaları İlişkisi: AB Ülkelerinden Kanıtlar

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 23, 43 - 48, 30.06.2023

Tuba Akar , Tufan Sarıtaş , Gökhan Akar

https://doi.org/10.55589/bsbd.1302569

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Sera gazı emisyonlarının artması çevre ve halk sağlığı açısından ciddi bir tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle fosil yakıtların tüketimine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan çevresel bozulmanın önüne geçebilmek için son dönemde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı önemi giderek artmaktadır. Bu kapsamda temiz enerjinin daha fazla kullanılması ülkelerin çevre kalitesinin iyileşmesine katkı sağlarken çevre kirliliğine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan sağlık harcamalarını da azaltması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada 2001-2019 dönemi için 13 AB ülkesi ele alınarak yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin, sağlık harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi panel veri analizi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda; yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve sağlık harcamaları değişkenleri arasında ters yönlü bir ilişkinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bir diğer deyişle, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimindeki artışın, sağlık harcamalarını azalttığı; buna karşın yenilenebilir enerji tüketimindeki azalışın, sağlık harcamalarını artırdığı saptanmıştır. Modele, kontrol değişkeni olarak dahil edilen ekonomik büyüme serisinin ise sağlık harcamaları üzerinde pozitif bir etki bıraktığı gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

Yenilenebilir Enerji, Sağlık Harcamaları, Avrupa Birliği, Panel veri analizi

References

• Apergis, N., Jebli, M. B., & Youssef, S. B. (2018). Does Renewable Energy Consumption and Health Expenditures Decrease Carbondioxid Emissions? Evidence for Subsaharan Africacountries. Renewable energy, 127, 1011-1016.
• Bilgili, F., Öztürk, İ., Koçak, E., Bulut, Ü., Pamuk, Y., Muğaloğlu, E., & Bağlıtaş, H. H. (2016). The Influence of Biomass Energy Consumption on CO2 Emissions: A Wavelet Coherence Approach. Environmental Science and PollutionResearch, 23(19), 19043-19061.
• Caruso, G., Colantonio, E., & Gattone, S. A. (2020). Relationships Between Renewable Energy Consumption, Social Factors, And Health: A Panel Vector Auto Regression Analysis of a Cluster of 12 EU Countries. Sustainability, 12(7), 2915.
• Fotourehchi, Z., & Çalışkan, Z. (2018). Is It Possible to Describe a Kuznets Curve for Health Outcomes? An Empirical Investigation. Panoeconomicus, 65(2), 227-238.
• Hansen, A. C., & Selte, H. K. (2000). Air Pollution and Sick-Leaves. Environmental and Resource Economics, 16(1), 31-50.
• Haseeb, M., Kot, S., Hussain, H. I., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2019). Impact of Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution, and Energy Consumption on Health Expenditure and R&D Expenditure of ASEAN Countries. Energies, 12(19), 3598.
• Hausman, J. (1978). Specification Test in Econometrics. Econometrica, 46(6), 1251-1271.
• Huang, S., Zhou, T., Xu, C., & Zheng, J. (2022). Does Public Health Influence Economic Performance? Investigating the Role of Governance and Greener Energies for the Case of China. Frontiers in PublicHealth, 10.
• Jarrett, J., Woodcock, J., Griffiths, U. K., Chalabi, Z., Edwards, P., Roberts, I., & Haines, A. (2012). Effect of Increasing Active Travel in Urban England and Wales on Costs to the National Health Service. The Lancet, 379(9832), 2198-2205.
• Jebli, M. B., & Youssef, S. B. (2015). The Environmental Kuznets Curve, Economic Growth, Renewable and Non-Renewableenergy, and Trade in Tunisia. Renewableve Sustainable Energy Reviews, 47, 173-185
• Jerrett, M., Eyles, J., Dufournaud, C., & Birch, S. (2003). Environmental Influences on Healthcare Expenditures: An Exploratory Analysis from Ontario, Canada. Journal of Epidemiology & CommunityHealth, 57(5), 334-338.
• Karaaslan, A., & Çamkaya, S. (2022). The Relationship Between CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, Health Expenditure, and Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption: Empirical Evidence from Turkey. Renewable Energy, 190, 457-466.
• Karamıklı, A., ve Şaşmaz, M. Ü. (2021). Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme ve Sağlık Harcamaları Üzerindeki Etkisi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (46), 289-300.
• Khan, S. A. R. (2019). The Role of Renewable Energy, Public Health Expenditure, Logistics and Environmental Performance in Economic Growth: An Evidence from Structural Equation Modelling. Preprints, (doi: 10.20944/preprints201901.0102.v1).
• Khan, S. A. R., Zhang, Y., Kumar, A., Zavadskas, E., & Streimikiene, D. (2020a). Measuring The Impact of Renewable Energy, Public Health Expenditure, Logistics, and Environmental Performance on Sustainable Economic Growth. Sustainable Development, 28(4), 833-843.
• Khan, A., Hussain, J., Bano, S., & Chenggang, Y. (2020b). There Percussions of Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy and Health Expenditure on Environmental Decay? An Econometric Analysis of B&RI Countries. Journal of Environmental Planning ve Management, 63(11), 1965-1986.
• Khoshnevis Yazdi, S., & Khanalizadeh, B. (2017). Airpollution, Economic Growth and Health Care Expenditure. Economicresearch Ekonomskaistraživanja, 30(1), 1181-1190.
• Koengkan, M., Fuinhas, J. A., & Silva, N. (2021). Exploring the Capacity of Renewable Energy Consumption to Reduce Outdoor Air Pollution Death Rate in Latin America and the Caribbean Region. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(2), 1656-1674.
• Narayan, P. K., & Narayan, S. (2008). Does Environmental Quality Influence Health Expenditures? Empirical Evidence from a Panel of Selected OECD Countries. Ecologicaleconomics, 65(2), 367-374.
• Nawab, T., Muneza, C., & Afghan, M. (2021). Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption and Health Expenditure on Air Pollutants: Implications for Sustainable Development in ASEAN Countries. iRASD Journal of Energy& Environment, 2(2), 78-89.
• Panwar, N. L., Kaushik, S. C., & Kothari, S. (2011). Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Environmental Protection: A Review. Renewableve sustainable energy reviews, 15(3), 1513-1524.
• Pata, U. K. (2021). Do Renewable Energy and Health Expenditure Simprove Load Capacity Factor in the USA and Japan? A New Approach to Environmental Issues. The European Journal of Health Economics, 22(9), 1427-1439.
• Peseran, M. H. (2007). A Simple UnitRoot Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
• Sasmaz, M. U., Karamıklı, A., & Akkucuk, U. (2021). The Relationship between Renewable Energy Use and Health Expenditures in EU Countries. Th eEuropean Journal of Health Economics, 22(7), 1129-1139.
• Shang, Y., Razzaq, A., Chupradit, S., An, N. B., & Abdul-Samad, Z. (2022). The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption and Health Expenditures in Improving Load Capacity Factor in ASEAN Countries: Exploring New Paradigm Using Advance Panel Models. Renewable Energy, 191, 715-722.
• Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., Rasoulinezhad, E., Yoshino, N., Chang, Y., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., & Morgan, P. J. (2021). The Energy–Pollution–Health Nexus: A Panel Data Analysis of Low-Vemiddle-Income Asian Countries. The Singapore Economic Review, 66(02), 435-455.
• Ullah, I., Rehman, A., Khan, F. U., Shah, M. H., & Khan, F. (2020). Nexus between Trade, CO2 Emissions, Renewable Energy, and Health Expenditure in Pakistan. The International Journal of Health Planning ve Management, 35(4), 818-831.
• Waheed, R., Chang, D., Sarwar, S., & Chen, W. (2018). Forest, Agriculture, Renewable Energy, and CO2 emission. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 4231-4238.
• Yang, X., Li, N., Mu, H., Ahmad, M., & Meng, X. (2022). Population Aging, Renewable Energy Budgets And Environmental Sustainability: Does Health Expenditures Matter?, Gondwana Research, 106, 303-314.
• Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2018). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları