Agricultural Use of Wood Vinegar

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 596 - 608, 30.06.2022

Murat Birol , Elif Günal

Abstract

Wood vinegar (WV), which is defined as pyrolignous acid by the scientists from different disciplines, is a product of biomass pyrolysis. The middle layer of the three-layer formation, which is formed after the liquid formed by the distillation of the steam, gas, and smoke released during the pyrolysis process of the biomass, is rested and kept for a while, is called WV. The composition of wood vinegar varies considerably depending on the type of biomass used in biochar production and the pyrolysis conditions. However, the water ratio in liquid wood vinegar varies between 80-90%. The most dominant component of WV after water is acetic acid (30.45-70.60 mg mL-1), followed by other acids, alcohols, phenols, esters, carbonyl, furans, and other organic compounds. The pH of WV varies between 2-4, the specific gravity is between 1.0051-016 g mL-1, and the dissolved tar content varies between 0.23-0.89 %. The WV provides organic matter and nutrients to the soil, therefore, the WV increasesthe soil quality, as well as being effective in combating various diseases and pests, helping the germination of seeds, increasing plant growth, contributing plant growth and yield parameters and improving fruit quality. The WV also increases the availability of nutrients by decreasing the pH, especially in alkaline soils. The WV causes an increase in the formation of aggregates. Thus, it is expected to have a positive effect on the activities of soil microorganisms. The aforementioned benefits indicate that this product can be widely used in agricultural production systems in the future. WV is a useful product that will turn waste into an environmentally friendly product.

Keywords

Pyroligneous Acid, Wood Vinegar, Biochar, Pyrolysis, Sustainable Agriculture

Odun Sirkesinin Tarımda Kullanımı

Abstract

Farklı disiplinlerden bilim insanlarının pirolignöz asit olarak da tanımladığı odun sirkesi (OS), biyokütlenin pirolizi ile ortaya çıkan bir üründür. Biyokütlenin piroliz işlemi sırasında açığa çıkan buhar, gaz ve dumanın damıtılması ile oluşan sıvının dinlendirilmesi ve bir süre bekletilmesi sonrasında oluşan üç katmanlı oluşumun orta katmanına OS denilmektedir. Odun sirkesinin bileşimi biyokömür üretiminde kullanılan biyokütlenin çeşidi ve piroliz koşullarına bağlı olarak önemli oranda değişmektedir. Bununla birlikte, sıvı haldeki odun sirkesinde su oranı %80-%90 arasında değişmektedir. Sudan sonra en baskın bileşen asetik asit (30.45-70.60 mg mL-1) olup bunu diğer asitler, alkoller, fenoller, esterler, karbonil, furanlar ve diğer organik bileşenler takip etmektedir. Bileşiminden de kolayca anlaşılacağı gibi OS’un pH’sı 2-4 arasında, özgül ağırlığı 1.005-1.016 g mL-1 ve çözünmüş katran içeriğinin %0.23-%0.89 arasında değiştiği rapor edilmiştir. Toprağa organik madde ve besin elementi sağladığından dolayı, toprağın kalitesinin artmasına katkı sağladığı bunun yanında, çeşitli hastalık ve zararlılar ile mücadelede etkili olduğu, tohumların çimlenmesine yardımcı olduğu, bitki büyüme ve verim parametrelerine katkıda bulunduğu ve meyve kalitesini iyileştirdiği bildilmiştir. Özellikle alkalin topraklarda, pH’nın düşmesine yardımcı olarak besin elementlerinin yarayışlılığını arttırdığı da bilinmektedir. İçerdiği organik bileşenler sayesinde toprağın agregatlaşmasını arttırması ve toprakta bulunan mikroorganizmaların yaşamlarını da olumlu etkilemesi beklenmektedir. Yukarıda özet olarak belirtilen faydaları, bu ürünün gelecekte tarımsal üretim sistemlerinde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Bu kapsamda OS, atıkların çevreye dost bir ürüne dönüşmesini sağlayacak faydalı bir üründür.

Keywords

Pirolignöz asit, Odun sirkesi, Biyokömür, Piroliz, Sürdürülebilir Tarım

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