Radyoterapiye Bağlı Oral Mukozit ve Yönetiminde Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamalar

Year 2025, , 79 - 90, 15.03.2025

Ülkü Saygılı Düzova

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1587454

Abstract

Radyoterapiye bağlı oral mukozit (RBOM), baş ve boyun kanseri tedavisi sırasında sıklıkla karşılaşılan ve yaşam kalitesini ciddi şekilde olumsuz etkileyen bir yan etki olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Oral mukozada ağrılı inflamasyon ve ülserasyon şeklinde kendini gösteren bu komplikasyon, hastaların yemek yeme, konuşma ve ağız hijyenini sürdürme gibi temel günlük aktivitelerini önemli ölçüde zorlaştırmaktadır. RBOM, yalnızca hastaların fiziksel semptomlarını agreve etmekle kalmayıp, aynı zamanda tedavi süreçlerini kesintiye uğratarak tedavi başarısını ve hasta memnuniyetini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Radyoterapi hemşireleri, erken tanı, bireyselleştirilmiş bakım planlarının oluşturulması, ağız hijyen protokollerinin takibi ve hasta eğitimi gibi görevlerle kanıta dayalı önleme stratejilerinin uygulanmasında önemli bir rol üstlenmektedir. RBOM yönetiminde kanıta dayalı uygulamaların klinik rehberler doğrultusunda entegre edilmesi, tedavi sürecinin optimizasyonuna, hasta sonuçlarının iyileştirilmesine ve yaşam kalitesinin artırılmasına olanak tanımaktadır. Bu bütüncül yaklaşım, RBOM yükünü hafifletirken kanser tedavisinin sürekliliğine ve etkinliğine de önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, RBOM ile ilgili mevcut bilgi ve kanıt temelli uygulamaları inceleyerek, hemşireler ve diğer sağlık profesyonelleri için önleme, yönetim ve tedaviye yönelik rehberlik sağlamaktır. Bu derleme, RBOM ile ilgili mevcut literatür taramasıyla oluşturulmuş ve PubMed, Scopus gibi uluslararası veri tabanlarında 2000–2025 yılları arasında yayımlanan çalışmalar esas alınarak hazırlanmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler arasında “Oral Mukozit,” “Radyoterapi,” “Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamalar,” ve “Baş Boyun Kanseri” yer almıştır. Çalışmalar, içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiş, önleme, yönetim ve tedaviye yönelik stratejilere dair en güncel bilgiler derlenmiştir. RBOM’un yönetiminde kanıta dayalı yaklaşımlar, semptomların etkili bir şekilde azaltılmasını ve tedavi sürecinin kesintisiz devam etmesini sağlamaktadır. Fiziksel ve farmakolojik müdahalelerle birlikte multidisipliner iş birliği, komplikasyonların önlenmesinde ve hasta sonuçlarının iyileştirilmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Kanıta dayalı uygulamaların bireyselleştirilmiş bakım planları ve hasta eğitimi ile entegrasyonu, RBOM yükünü azaltarak hasta yaşam kalitesini ve tedavi etkinliğini artırmaktadır.

Keywords

Kanıta dayalı uygulamalar, Radyoterapi, Oral mukozit

Radiotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis and Evidence-Based Practices in Its Management

Abstract

Radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is a common side effect encountered during head and neck cancer treatment, significantly impairing patients' quality of life. Manifesting as painful inflammation and ulceration in the oral mucosa, this complication greatly hinders fundamental daily activities such as eating, speaking, and maintaining oral hygiene. RIOM not only aggravates patients’ physical symptoms but also disrupts treatment processes, negatively impacting treatment success and patient satisfaction. Radiotherapy nurses play a crucial role in the application of evidence-based prevention strategies, including early diagnosis, developing individualized care plans, monitoring oral hygiene protocols, and educating patients. Integrating evidence-based practices into RIOM management in accordance with clinical guidelines enhances treatment processes, improves patient outcomes, and boosts quality of life. This holistic approach not only alleviates the burden of RIOM but also significantly contributes to the continuity and effectiveness of cancer treatment. The aim of this review is to provide guidance for nurses and other healthcare professionals by examining the current knowledge and evidence-based practices related to RIOM, focusing on its prevention, management, and treatment. This review was conducted based on a literature review of studies on RIOM, utilizing international databases such as PubMed and Scopus, covering the period between 2000 and 2025. Keywords included “Oral Mucositis,” “Radiotherapy,” “Evidence-Based Practices,” and “Head and Neck Cancer.” Studies were evaluated using content analysis methodology, compiling the most up-to-date information on strategies for prevention, management, and treatment. Evidence-based approaches in RIOM management effectively alleviate symptoms and ensure uninterrupted treatment processes. Along with physical and pharmacological interventions, multidisciplinary collaboration plays a vital role in preventing complications and improving patient outcomes. The integration of evidence-based practices with individualized care plans and patient education reduces the burden of RIOM while enhancing patient quality of life and treatment effectiveness.

Keywords

Evidence-based practices, Radiotherapy, Oral mucositis

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