Year 2022,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 199 - 205, 01.05.2022
Esin Cerit
,
Veysel Kaplan
References
- Akman Ö, Yıldırım D, Sarıkaya A. 2020. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students’ anxiety levels. IGUSBDER, 12: 379-397.
- Arpawong TE, Sussman S, Milam JE, Unger JB, Land H, Sun P, Rohrbach LA. 2015. Post-traumatic growth, stressful life events, and relationships with substance use behaviors among alternative high school students: A prospective study. Psychol Health, 30(4): 475-494.
- Aslan H, Pekince H. 2020. Nursing students' views on the COVID‐19 pandemic and their percieved stress levels. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 57(2): 695-701.
- Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin GJ. 2020. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet, 395(10227): 912–920. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
- Chen R, Sun C, Chen JJ, Jen HJ, Kang XL, Kao CC, Chou KR. 2021. A large‐scale survey on trauma, burnout, and posttraumatic growth among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Int J Mental Health Nurs, 30(1): 102-116.
- Codagnone C, Bogliacino F, Gómez C, Charris R, Montealegre F, Liva G, Veltri GA. 2020. Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Plos One, 15(10): e0240876.
- Cui PP, Wang PP, Wang K, Ping Z, Wang P, Chen C. 2020. Post‐traumatic growth and influencing factors among frontline nurses fighting against COVID‐19. Occup Environ Med, 78: 129‐135. DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106540.
- Dzau VJ, Kirch D, Nasca T. 2020. Preventing a parallel pandemic — A National Strategy to protect clinicians’ well-being. New England J Med, 383: 513-515.
- El-Gabalawy R, Mackenzie CS, Starzyk KB, Sommer JL. 2020. Understanding the relationship between traumatic suffering, posttraumatic growth, and prosocial variables. J American Coll Health, 69(7): 710-718.
- Forbes MK, Flanagan JC, Barrett EL, Crome, E, Baillie AJ, Mills KL, Teesson M. 2015. Smoking, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol use disorders in a nationally representative sample of Australian men and women. Drug and Alcohol Depend, 156: 176-183.
- Galea S, Merchant RM, Lurie N. 2020. The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and physical distancing. JAMA Internal Med, 28(8): 666-675.
- Gümüş A. 2015. Cigarette and alcohol use among university students: an evaluation in terms of depressive symptoms and hopelessness. J Addict, 16: 9-17.
- Hamama-Raz Y, Ben-Ezra M, Bibi H, Swarka M, Gelernter R, Abu-Kishk I. 2020. The interaction effect between gender and profession in posttraumatic growth among hospital personnel. Prim Health Care Res Devel, 21(e35): 1-8.
- Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. 2020. Mental health survey of medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. J Industl Hygiene Occupat Diseas, 38: 192-195
- İnci F, Boztepe H. 2013. Post traumatic growth: if something not killing could be strengthened?. J Psychiat Nurs, 4(2): 80-84.
- Johnsen I, Afgun K. 2020. Complicated grief and post-traumatic growth in traumatically bereaved siblings and close friends. J Loss and Trauma, 26(3): 246-259.
- Kağan M, Güleç M, Boysan M, Çavuş H. 2012. Hierarchical factor structure of the Turkish version of the posttraumatic growth inventory in a normal population. TAF Prev Med Bull, 11(5): 617-624.
- Kaplan V, Ançel G. 2020. The effect of interpersonal relational role analysis on nursing students' anxiety levels and interpersonal problem‐solving orientation. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 57(3): 1175-1186.
- Karataş Z. 2020. Social Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic, change and empowerment. Turkish J Soc Work Res, 4(1): 3-15.
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Hu S. 2020. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3): e203976-e203976.
- Li Y, Cao F, Cao D, Liu J. 2015. Nursing students’ post‐traumatic growth, emotional intelligence and psychological resilience. J Psychiat Mental Health Nurs, 22(5): 326-332.
- Li Y, Bai H, Lou F, Cao F. 2019. A conceptual model of posttraumatic growth of nursing students with a disabled parent. Int J Nurs Sci, 6(4): 406-413.
- Lin K, Yang BX, Luo D, Liu Q, Ma S, Huang R, McIntyre RS. 2020. The mental health effects of COVID-19 on health care providers in China. American J Psychiat, 177(7): 635-636.
- Onan N, Kaplan H, Yalçın B, Erbaş Ş, Yıldırım D, Barlas GÜ, Karaca S, Öz YÖ. 2016. An examination of substance use status and personality traits in unıversity students. J Addict, 17(1): 25-32.
- Pan Cui, P, Pan Wang P, Wang K, Ping Z, Wang P, Chen C. 2021. Post-traumatic growth and influencing factors among frontline nurses fighting against COVID-19. Occupat Environl Med, 78(2): 129-135.
- Peng X, Zhao H, Yang Y, Rao Z, Hu D, He Q. 2021 Post-traumatic Growth Level and Its Influencing Factors Among Frontline Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front. Psychiatry, 12: 1-6. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.632360.
- Shdaifat E, Jamama A, Al-Amer M. 2018. Stress and coping strategies among nursing students. Global J Health Sci,10(5): 33-41.
- Sönmez E, Akvardar Y. 2015. A Social norms approach to substance abuse prevention in youth “the more i think you drink, the more i drink”. J Addict, 16(2): 86-94.2.
- Sörensen J, Rzeszutek M, Gasik R. 2019. Social support and post-traumatic growth among a sample of arthritis patients: Analysis in light of conservation of resources theory. Current Psychol, 40: 2017-2025.
- Spoorthy MS. 2020. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic- a review. Asian J Psychiat, 51: 102119.
- Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. 1996. The Posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. J Traum Stress, 9(3): 455-471.
- Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. 2004. Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychol Inquiry, 15(1): 1-18.
- Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. 1995. Trauma and transformation. Growing in the aftermath of suffering. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, US, pp: 138.
- Wang ML, Liu JE, Wang HY, Chen J, Li YY. 2014. Posttraumatic growth and associated socio-demographic and clinical factors in Chinese breast cancer survivors. European J Oncol Nurs, 18(5): 478-483.
- WHO. 2020. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports.
- Xu M, Zhang Y. 2020. Psychological status survey of first clinical front-line support nurses fighting against pneumonia caused by a 2019 novel coronavirus infection. Chinese Nurs Res, 34: 368–370.
- Vazquez C, Valiente C, García FE, Contreras A, Peinado V, Trucharte A, Bentall RP. 2021. Post-Traumatic growth and stress-related responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in a national representative sample: The role of positive core beliefs about the world and others. J Happiness Stud, 22: 2915-2935.
- Vishnevsky T, Cann A, Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG, Demakis GJ. 2010. Gender differences in self-reported posttraumatic growth: A meta-analysis. Psychol Women Quart, 34(1): 110-120.
- Yang H, Dai L, Chen Q. 2020. A qualitative study on the psychological stress of front-line nurses in primary hospitals who participated in the fight against novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Nurs Adm. 12: R47.
- Yıldız E. 2021. Posttraumatic growth and positive determinants in nursing students after COVID‐19 alarm status: A descriptive cross‐sectional study. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 57(4): 1876-1887.
- Yılmaz M, Yaman Z, Erdoğan S. 2017. Stressful situation in nursing students and the methods of coping with stress. Mersin Univ Saglık Bil Derg, 10(2): 88-99.
- Zhang Y, Tang L, Jiang Q, Zhou CF, Lin WF, Wei YY, Chen XL. 2020. Psychological distress among nurses who are from other provinces and engaged in assisting to combat the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan. J Nurs Sci, 2020: 35.
Post Traumatic Growth During COVID-19 Outbreak and the Affecting Factors: Results of a Cross‐Sectional Study among Turkish Nursing Students
Year 2022,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 199 - 205, 01.05.2022
Esin Cerit
,
Veysel Kaplan
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine posttraumatic growth of nursing students during COVID-19 pandemic and the affecting factors. This study is a descriptive and cross‐sectional study. The sample of the study consisted of 402 nursing students. The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory. The analyses showed that there was a significant difference between PTG scores of the students by variables such as gender, economic situation, smoking/alcohol use, having a chronic disease, things enjoyed during the pandemic and the situations in which individuals were most affected during the pandemic. This determination indicates that activities should be included in nursing programs to encourage the students to have more positive developments in their lives.
References
- Akman Ö, Yıldırım D, Sarıkaya A. 2020. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students’ anxiety levels. IGUSBDER, 12: 379-397.
- Arpawong TE, Sussman S, Milam JE, Unger JB, Land H, Sun P, Rohrbach LA. 2015. Post-traumatic growth, stressful life events, and relationships with substance use behaviors among alternative high school students: A prospective study. Psychol Health, 30(4): 475-494.
- Aslan H, Pekince H. 2020. Nursing students' views on the COVID‐19 pandemic and their percieved stress levels. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 57(2): 695-701.
- Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin GJ. 2020. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet, 395(10227): 912–920. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
- Chen R, Sun C, Chen JJ, Jen HJ, Kang XL, Kao CC, Chou KR. 2021. A large‐scale survey on trauma, burnout, and posttraumatic growth among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Int J Mental Health Nurs, 30(1): 102-116.
- Codagnone C, Bogliacino F, Gómez C, Charris R, Montealegre F, Liva G, Veltri GA. 2020. Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Plos One, 15(10): e0240876.
- Cui PP, Wang PP, Wang K, Ping Z, Wang P, Chen C. 2020. Post‐traumatic growth and influencing factors among frontline nurses fighting against COVID‐19. Occup Environ Med, 78: 129‐135. DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106540.
- Dzau VJ, Kirch D, Nasca T. 2020. Preventing a parallel pandemic — A National Strategy to protect clinicians’ well-being. New England J Med, 383: 513-515.
- El-Gabalawy R, Mackenzie CS, Starzyk KB, Sommer JL. 2020. Understanding the relationship between traumatic suffering, posttraumatic growth, and prosocial variables. J American Coll Health, 69(7): 710-718.
- Forbes MK, Flanagan JC, Barrett EL, Crome, E, Baillie AJ, Mills KL, Teesson M. 2015. Smoking, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol use disorders in a nationally representative sample of Australian men and women. Drug and Alcohol Depend, 156: 176-183.
- Galea S, Merchant RM, Lurie N. 2020. The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and physical distancing. JAMA Internal Med, 28(8): 666-675.
- Gümüş A. 2015. Cigarette and alcohol use among university students: an evaluation in terms of depressive symptoms and hopelessness. J Addict, 16: 9-17.
- Hamama-Raz Y, Ben-Ezra M, Bibi H, Swarka M, Gelernter R, Abu-Kishk I. 2020. The interaction effect between gender and profession in posttraumatic growth among hospital personnel. Prim Health Care Res Devel, 21(e35): 1-8.
- Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. 2020. Mental health survey of medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. J Industl Hygiene Occupat Diseas, 38: 192-195
- İnci F, Boztepe H. 2013. Post traumatic growth: if something not killing could be strengthened?. J Psychiat Nurs, 4(2): 80-84.
- Johnsen I, Afgun K. 2020. Complicated grief and post-traumatic growth in traumatically bereaved siblings and close friends. J Loss and Trauma, 26(3): 246-259.
- Kağan M, Güleç M, Boysan M, Çavuş H. 2012. Hierarchical factor structure of the Turkish version of the posttraumatic growth inventory in a normal population. TAF Prev Med Bull, 11(5): 617-624.
- Kaplan V, Ançel G. 2020. The effect of interpersonal relational role analysis on nursing students' anxiety levels and interpersonal problem‐solving orientation. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 57(3): 1175-1186.
- Karataş Z. 2020. Social Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic, change and empowerment. Turkish J Soc Work Res, 4(1): 3-15.
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Hu S. 2020. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3): e203976-e203976.
- Li Y, Cao F, Cao D, Liu J. 2015. Nursing students’ post‐traumatic growth, emotional intelligence and psychological resilience. J Psychiat Mental Health Nurs, 22(5): 326-332.
- Li Y, Bai H, Lou F, Cao F. 2019. A conceptual model of posttraumatic growth of nursing students with a disabled parent. Int J Nurs Sci, 6(4): 406-413.
- Lin K, Yang BX, Luo D, Liu Q, Ma S, Huang R, McIntyre RS. 2020. The mental health effects of COVID-19 on health care providers in China. American J Psychiat, 177(7): 635-636.
- Onan N, Kaplan H, Yalçın B, Erbaş Ş, Yıldırım D, Barlas GÜ, Karaca S, Öz YÖ. 2016. An examination of substance use status and personality traits in unıversity students. J Addict, 17(1): 25-32.
- Pan Cui, P, Pan Wang P, Wang K, Ping Z, Wang P, Chen C. 2021. Post-traumatic growth and influencing factors among frontline nurses fighting against COVID-19. Occupat Environl Med, 78(2): 129-135.
- Peng X, Zhao H, Yang Y, Rao Z, Hu D, He Q. 2021 Post-traumatic Growth Level and Its Influencing Factors Among Frontline Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front. Psychiatry, 12: 1-6. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.632360.
- Shdaifat E, Jamama A, Al-Amer M. 2018. Stress and coping strategies among nursing students. Global J Health Sci,10(5): 33-41.
- Sönmez E, Akvardar Y. 2015. A Social norms approach to substance abuse prevention in youth “the more i think you drink, the more i drink”. J Addict, 16(2): 86-94.2.
- Sörensen J, Rzeszutek M, Gasik R. 2019. Social support and post-traumatic growth among a sample of arthritis patients: Analysis in light of conservation of resources theory. Current Psychol, 40: 2017-2025.
- Spoorthy MS. 2020. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic- a review. Asian J Psychiat, 51: 102119.
- Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. 1996. The Posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. J Traum Stress, 9(3): 455-471.
- Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. 2004. Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychol Inquiry, 15(1): 1-18.
- Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. 1995. Trauma and transformation. Growing in the aftermath of suffering. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, US, pp: 138.
- Wang ML, Liu JE, Wang HY, Chen J, Li YY. 2014. Posttraumatic growth and associated socio-demographic and clinical factors in Chinese breast cancer survivors. European J Oncol Nurs, 18(5): 478-483.
- WHO. 2020. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports.
- Xu M, Zhang Y. 2020. Psychological status survey of first clinical front-line support nurses fighting against pneumonia caused by a 2019 novel coronavirus infection. Chinese Nurs Res, 34: 368–370.
- Vazquez C, Valiente C, García FE, Contreras A, Peinado V, Trucharte A, Bentall RP. 2021. Post-Traumatic growth and stress-related responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in a national representative sample: The role of positive core beliefs about the world and others. J Happiness Stud, 22: 2915-2935.
- Vishnevsky T, Cann A, Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG, Demakis GJ. 2010. Gender differences in self-reported posttraumatic growth: A meta-analysis. Psychol Women Quart, 34(1): 110-120.
- Yang H, Dai L, Chen Q. 2020. A qualitative study on the psychological stress of front-line nurses in primary hospitals who participated in the fight against novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Nurs Adm. 12: R47.
- Yıldız E. 2021. Posttraumatic growth and positive determinants in nursing students after COVID‐19 alarm status: A descriptive cross‐sectional study. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 57(4): 1876-1887.
- Yılmaz M, Yaman Z, Erdoğan S. 2017. Stressful situation in nursing students and the methods of coping with stress. Mersin Univ Saglık Bil Derg, 10(2): 88-99.
- Zhang Y, Tang L, Jiang Q, Zhou CF, Lin WF, Wei YY, Chen XL. 2020. Psychological distress among nurses who are from other provinces and engaged in assisting to combat the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan. J Nurs Sci, 2020: 35.