Research Article
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Evaluation of Root Dilaceration and Taurodontism in Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 309 - 315, 01.04.2023

Melisa Öçbe , Büşra Dilara Altun , Mehmet Oğuz Borahan , Asım Dumlu

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1254559

Abstract

Taurodontism and root dilaceration are developmental anomalies. Both taurodontism and dilaceration might be related with cleft lip and palate (CLP). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of taurodontism and root dilaceration, in the children with CLP. Cone beam computed tomography images of 200 children (100 cleft 100 healthy) with CLP were evaluated retrospectively. Taurodontism level was divided into three subtypes as hypertaurodont, mesotaurodont and hypotaurodont. Root dilaceration was recorded if the tooth has completed apexification process. The frequency of taurodontism was found to be 30% in children with CLP and 12% in the control group. The frequency of root dilaceration was found to be 31% in children with CLP and 12% in children without CLP. Incidence of both root dilaceration and taurodontism was found higher in children with CLP (P<0.05). Left maxillary region was found to be the most common localization of both cleft side and root dilaceration (P<0.05). Children with CLP prone to develop dental anomalies such as pulp enlargement and root angulations. Taurodontism and dilaceration are both highly important for preoperative planning. Understanding the causative factors of dental anomalies may increase clinical success.

Keywords

Cleft lip Cleft palate Cone beam computed tomography Root dilaceration Taurodontism

References

  • Ahmed HMA, Dummer PMH. 2018. A new system for classifying tooth, root and canal anomalies. Int Endod J, 51(4): 389-404. DOI: 10.1111/iej.12867.
  • Ajami S, Pakshir H, Samady H. 2017. Prevalence and Characteristics of Developmental Dental Anomalies in Iranian Orofacial Cleft Patients. J Dent (Shiraz), 18(3): 193-200.
  • Al Jamal GA, Hazza'a AM, Rawashdeh MA. 2010. Prevalence of dental anomalies in a population of cleft lip and palate patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 47(4): 413-420. DOI: 10.1597/08-275.1.
  • Andreasen JO, Sundström B, Ravn JJ. 1971. The effect of traumatic injuries to primary teeth on their permanent successors. I. A clinical and histologic study of 117 injured permanent teeth. Scand J Dent Res, 79(4): 219-283. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1971.tb02013.x.
  • Awadh W, Pegelow M, Heliövaara A, Rice DP. 2021. Taurodontism in the first permanent molars in Van der Woude syndrome compared to isolated cleft palate. Eur J Orthod, 43(1): 29-35. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa014.
  • Caceres Manfio AS, Suri S, Dupuis A, Stevens K. 2022. Eruption path of permanent maxillary canines after secondary alveolar bone graft in patients with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 161(5): e416-e428. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.06.019.
  • Cao D, Shao B, Izadikhah I, Xie L, Wu B, Li H, Yan B. 2021. Root dilaceration in maxillary impacted canines and adjacent teeth: A retrospective analysis of the difference between buccal and palatal impaction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 159(2): 167-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.12.019.
  • Celikoglu M, Buyuk SK, Sekerci AE, Cantekin K, Candirli C. 2015. Maxillary dental anomalies in patients with cleft lip and palate: a cone beam computed tomography study. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 39(2): 183-186. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.39.2.t623u7495h07522r.
  • Chadwick SM, Millett D. 1995. Dilaceration of a permanent mandibular incisor. A case report. Br J Orthod, 22(3): 279-281. DOI: 10.1179/bjo.22.3.279.
  • Chang NY, Park JH, Kim SC, Kang KH, Cho JH, Cho JW, Jang HE, Chae JM. 2016. Forced eruption of impacted maxillary central incisors with severely dilacerated roots. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 150(4): 692-702. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.04.018.
  • Chate RA. 2003. Maxillary canine displacement; further twists in the tale. Eur J Orthod, 25(1): 43-47. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/25.1.43.
  • Chetty M, Roomaney IA, Beighton P. 2021. Taurodontism in dental genetics. BDJ Open, 7(1): 25. DOI: 10.1038/s41405-021-00081-6.
  • de Assis IO, de Lavôr JR, Cavalcante BGN, Lacerda RHW, Vieira AR. 2021. Pulp enlargement in individuals born with cleft lip and palate pulp, a radiographic study from the cleft lip and palate service of paraiba, Brazil'. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 22(6): 1101-1106. DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00673-8.
  • Fonseca-Souza G, de Oliveira LB, Wambier LM, Scariot R, Feltrin-Souza J. 2022. Tooth abnormalities associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Invest, 26(8): 5089-5103. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04540-8.
  • Gibbison R, Crozier R. 2022. Does primary trauma lead to developmental defects in permanent teeth? Evid Based Dent, 23(3): 112-113. DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0808-z.
  • Hamasha AA, Al-Khateeb T, Darwazeh A. 2002. Prevalence of dilaceration in Jordanian adults. Int Endod J, 35(11): 910-912. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00593.x.
  • Hereman V, Cadenas De Llano-Pérula M, Willems G, Coucke W, Wyatt J, Verdonck A. 2018. Associated parameters of canine impaction in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate after secondary alveolar bone grafting: a retrospective study. Eur J Orthod, 40(6): 575-582. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy011.
  • Hettiarachchi PV, Olive RJ, Monsour P. 2017. Morphology of palatally impacted canines: A case-controlled cone-beam volumetric tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 151(2): 357-362. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.06.044.
  • Jafarzadeh H, Abbott PV. 2007. Dilaceration: review of an endodontic challenge. J Endod, 33(9): 1025-1030. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.04.013.
  • Jafarzadeh H, Azarpazhooh A, Mayhall JT. 2008. Taurodontism: a review of the condition and endodontic treatment challenges. Int Endod J, 41: 375-388.
  • Jena AK, Kharbanda OP. 2005. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome: report on dental and craniofacial findings. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 30(1): 83-88. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.30.1.v1732398454r0244.
  • Küchler EC, de Oliveira Stroparo JL, Bitencourt Reis CL, Ullrich N, Olsson B, Scariot R, Matsumoto MN, Ribeiro Mattos NH, Proff P, Baratto-Filho F, Kirschneck C. 2022. Oral cleft related-genes may be involved in root curvature of maxillary lateral incisors. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 17: 10556656221121062. DOI: 10.1177/10556656221121062.
  • La Monaca G, Pranno N, Vozza I, Annibali S, Polimeni A, Bossù M, Cristalli MP. 2019. Sequelae in permanent teeth after traumatic injuries to primary dentition. Minerva Stomatol, 68(6): 332-340. DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4970.19.04297-3.
  • Laganà G, Venza N, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Fabi F, Danesi C, Cozza P. 2017. Dental anomalies: prevalence and associations between them in a large sample of non-orthodontic subjects, a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health, 17(1): 62. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0352-y.
  • MacDonald-Jankowski DS. 1991. Multiple dental developmental anomalies. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 20: 16.
  • Melo Filho MR, Nogueira dos Santos LA, Barbosa Martelli DR, Silveira MF, Esteves da Silva M, de Barros LM, Coletta RD, Martelli-Júnior H. 2015. Taurodontism in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate in a Brazilian population: a case control evaluation with panoramic radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 120(6): 744-750. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.08.005.
  • Nawa H, Oberoi S, Vargervik K. 2008. Taurodontism and Van der Woude syndrome. Is there an association? Angle Orthod, 78(5): 832-837. DOI: 10.2319/081707-384.1.
  • Paranaiba LM, Coletta RD, Swerts MS, Quintino RP, de Barros LM, Martelli-Júnior H. 2013. Prevalence of dental anomalies in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in a Brazilian Population. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 50(4): 400-405. DOI: 10.1597/11-029.
  • Răducanu AM, Didilescu AC, Feraru IV, Dumitrache MA, Hănţoiu TA, Ionescu E. 2015. Considerations on morphological abnormalities of permanent teeth in children with cleft lip and palate. Rom J Morphol Embryol, 56(2): 453-457.
  • Seow WK, Lai PY. 1989. Association of taurodontism with hypodontia: a controlled study. Pediatr Dent, 11(3): 214-219.
  • Sobti G, Chaudhry A, Thanvi J, Gaurav I, Shekhawat C, Banerjee D, Likhyani LK, Soni S. 2022. Co-Occurrence of taurodontism in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate patients in subset of Indian population: A case-control study using CBCT. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 4: 10556656221089159. DOI: 10.1177/10556656221089159.
  • Tewari N, Mathur VP, Singh N, Singh S, Pandey RK. 2018. Long-term effects of traumatic dental injuries of primary dentition on permanent successors: A retrospective study of 596 teeth. Dent Traumatol, 34(2): 129-134. DOI: 10.1111/edt.12391.
  • Tomona N, Smith AC, Guadagnini JP, Hart TC. 2006. Craniofacial and dental phenotype of Smith-Magenis syndrome. Am J Med Genet A, 140(23): 2556-2561. DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31371.
  • Topouzelis N, Tsaousoglou P, Pisoka V, Zouloumis L. 2010. Dilaceration of maxillary central incisor: a literature review. Dent Traumatol, 26(5): 427-433. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00915.x.
  • Toure B, Kane AW, Sarr M, Wone MM, Fall F. 2000. Prevalence of taurodontism at the level of the molar in the black Senegalese population 15 to 19 years of age. Odontostomatol Trop, 23(89): 36-39.
  • Turk T, Elekdag-Turk S. 2008. Case report: management of an impacted maxillary canine in association with a deviated palatal premolar root. J Contemp Dent Pract, 9(7): 108-114.
  • Van Dyck J, Cadenas de Llano-Pérula M, Willems G, Verdonck A. 2019. Dental development in cleft lip and palate patients: A systematic review. Forensic Sci Int, 300: 63-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.011.
  • Weckwerth GM, Santos CF, Brozoski DT, Centurion BS, Pagin O, Lauris JR, Carvalho IM, Neves LT. 2016. Taurodontism, root dilaceration, and tooth transposition: a radiographic study of a population with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 53: 404-412.
  • Yassin OM, Rihani FB. 2006. Multiple developmental dental anomalies and hypermobility type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 30(4): 337-341. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.30.4.72426m58695tg2h0.

Evaluation of Root Dilaceration and Taurodontism in Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 309 - 315, 01.04.2023

Melisa Öçbe , Büşra Dilara Altun , Mehmet Oğuz Borahan , Asım Dumlu

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1254559

Abstract

Taurodontism and root dilaceration are developmental anomalies. Both taurodontism and dilaceration might be related with cleft lip and palate (CLP). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of taurodontism and root dilaceration, in the children with CLP. Cone beam computed tomography images of 200 children (100 cleft 100 healthy) with CLP were evaluated retrospectively. Taurodontism level was divided into three subtypes as hypertaurodont, mesotaurodont and hypotaurodont. Root dilaceration was recorded if the tooth has completed apexification process. The frequency of taurodontism was found to be 30% in children with CLP and 12% in the control group. The frequency of root dilaceration was found to be 31% in children with CLP and 12% in children without CLP. Incidence of both root dilaceration and taurodontism was found higher in children with CLP (P<0.05). Left maxillary region was found to be the most common localization of both cleft side and root dilaceration (P<0.05). Children with CLP prone to develop dental anomalies such as pulp enlargement and root angulations. Taurodontism and dilaceration are both highly important for preoperative planning. Understanding the causative factors of dental anomalies may increase clinical success.

Keywords

Cleft lip Cleft palate Cone beam computed tomography Root dilaceration Taurodontism

References

  • Ahmed HMA, Dummer PMH. 2018. A new system for classifying tooth, root and canal anomalies. Int Endod J, 51(4): 389-404. DOI: 10.1111/iej.12867.
  • Ajami S, Pakshir H, Samady H. 2017. Prevalence and Characteristics of Developmental Dental Anomalies in Iranian Orofacial Cleft Patients. J Dent (Shiraz), 18(3): 193-200.
  • Al Jamal GA, Hazza'a AM, Rawashdeh MA. 2010. Prevalence of dental anomalies in a population of cleft lip and palate patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 47(4): 413-420. DOI: 10.1597/08-275.1.
  • Andreasen JO, Sundström B, Ravn JJ. 1971. The effect of traumatic injuries to primary teeth on their permanent successors. I. A clinical and histologic study of 117 injured permanent teeth. Scand J Dent Res, 79(4): 219-283. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1971.tb02013.x.
  • Awadh W, Pegelow M, Heliövaara A, Rice DP. 2021. Taurodontism in the first permanent molars in Van der Woude syndrome compared to isolated cleft palate. Eur J Orthod, 43(1): 29-35. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa014.
  • Caceres Manfio AS, Suri S, Dupuis A, Stevens K. 2022. Eruption path of permanent maxillary canines after secondary alveolar bone graft in patients with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 161(5): e416-e428. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.06.019.
  • Cao D, Shao B, Izadikhah I, Xie L, Wu B, Li H, Yan B. 2021. Root dilaceration in maxillary impacted canines and adjacent teeth: A retrospective analysis of the difference between buccal and palatal impaction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 159(2): 167-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.12.019.
  • Celikoglu M, Buyuk SK, Sekerci AE, Cantekin K, Candirli C. 2015. Maxillary dental anomalies in patients with cleft lip and palate: a cone beam computed tomography study. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 39(2): 183-186. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.39.2.t623u7495h07522r.
  • Chadwick SM, Millett D. 1995. Dilaceration of a permanent mandibular incisor. A case report. Br J Orthod, 22(3): 279-281. DOI: 10.1179/bjo.22.3.279.
  • Chang NY, Park JH, Kim SC, Kang KH, Cho JH, Cho JW, Jang HE, Chae JM. 2016. Forced eruption of impacted maxillary central incisors with severely dilacerated roots. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 150(4): 692-702. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.04.018.
  • Chate RA. 2003. Maxillary canine displacement; further twists in the tale. Eur J Orthod, 25(1): 43-47. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/25.1.43.
  • Chetty M, Roomaney IA, Beighton P. 2021. Taurodontism in dental genetics. BDJ Open, 7(1): 25. DOI: 10.1038/s41405-021-00081-6.
  • de Assis IO, de Lavôr JR, Cavalcante BGN, Lacerda RHW, Vieira AR. 2021. Pulp enlargement in individuals born with cleft lip and palate pulp, a radiographic study from the cleft lip and palate service of paraiba, Brazil'. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 22(6): 1101-1106. DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00673-8.
  • Fonseca-Souza G, de Oliveira LB, Wambier LM, Scariot R, Feltrin-Souza J. 2022. Tooth abnormalities associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Invest, 26(8): 5089-5103. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04540-8.
  • Gibbison R, Crozier R. 2022. Does primary trauma lead to developmental defects in permanent teeth? Evid Based Dent, 23(3): 112-113. DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0808-z.
  • Hamasha AA, Al-Khateeb T, Darwazeh A. 2002. Prevalence of dilaceration in Jordanian adults. Int Endod J, 35(11): 910-912. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00593.x.
  • Hereman V, Cadenas De Llano-Pérula M, Willems G, Coucke W, Wyatt J, Verdonck A. 2018. Associated parameters of canine impaction in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate after secondary alveolar bone grafting: a retrospective study. Eur J Orthod, 40(6): 575-582. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy011.
  • Hettiarachchi PV, Olive RJ, Monsour P. 2017. Morphology of palatally impacted canines: A case-controlled cone-beam volumetric tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 151(2): 357-362. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.06.044.
  • Jafarzadeh H, Abbott PV. 2007. Dilaceration: review of an endodontic challenge. J Endod, 33(9): 1025-1030. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.04.013.
  • Jafarzadeh H, Azarpazhooh A, Mayhall JT. 2008. Taurodontism: a review of the condition and endodontic treatment challenges. Int Endod J, 41: 375-388.
  • Jena AK, Kharbanda OP. 2005. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome: report on dental and craniofacial findings. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 30(1): 83-88. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.30.1.v1732398454r0244.
  • Küchler EC, de Oliveira Stroparo JL, Bitencourt Reis CL, Ullrich N, Olsson B, Scariot R, Matsumoto MN, Ribeiro Mattos NH, Proff P, Baratto-Filho F, Kirschneck C. 2022. Oral cleft related-genes may be involved in root curvature of maxillary lateral incisors. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 17: 10556656221121062. DOI: 10.1177/10556656221121062.
  • La Monaca G, Pranno N, Vozza I, Annibali S, Polimeni A, Bossù M, Cristalli MP. 2019. Sequelae in permanent teeth after traumatic injuries to primary dentition. Minerva Stomatol, 68(6): 332-340. DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4970.19.04297-3.
  • Laganà G, Venza N, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Fabi F, Danesi C, Cozza P. 2017. Dental anomalies: prevalence and associations between them in a large sample of non-orthodontic subjects, a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health, 17(1): 62. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0352-y.
  • MacDonald-Jankowski DS. 1991. Multiple dental developmental anomalies. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 20: 16.
  • Melo Filho MR, Nogueira dos Santos LA, Barbosa Martelli DR, Silveira MF, Esteves da Silva M, de Barros LM, Coletta RD, Martelli-Júnior H. 2015. Taurodontism in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate in a Brazilian population: a case control evaluation with panoramic radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 120(6): 744-750. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.08.005.
  • Nawa H, Oberoi S, Vargervik K. 2008. Taurodontism and Van der Woude syndrome. Is there an association? Angle Orthod, 78(5): 832-837. DOI: 10.2319/081707-384.1.
  • Paranaiba LM, Coletta RD, Swerts MS, Quintino RP, de Barros LM, Martelli-Júnior H. 2013. Prevalence of dental anomalies in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in a Brazilian Population. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 50(4): 400-405. DOI: 10.1597/11-029.
  • Răducanu AM, Didilescu AC, Feraru IV, Dumitrache MA, Hănţoiu TA, Ionescu E. 2015. Considerations on morphological abnormalities of permanent teeth in children with cleft lip and palate. Rom J Morphol Embryol, 56(2): 453-457.
  • Seow WK, Lai PY. 1989. Association of taurodontism with hypodontia: a controlled study. Pediatr Dent, 11(3): 214-219.
  • Sobti G, Chaudhry A, Thanvi J, Gaurav I, Shekhawat C, Banerjee D, Likhyani LK, Soni S. 2022. Co-Occurrence of taurodontism in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate patients in subset of Indian population: A case-control study using CBCT. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 4: 10556656221089159. DOI: 10.1177/10556656221089159.
  • Tewari N, Mathur VP, Singh N, Singh S, Pandey RK. 2018. Long-term effects of traumatic dental injuries of primary dentition on permanent successors: A retrospective study of 596 teeth. Dent Traumatol, 34(2): 129-134. DOI: 10.1111/edt.12391.
  • Tomona N, Smith AC, Guadagnini JP, Hart TC. 2006. Craniofacial and dental phenotype of Smith-Magenis syndrome. Am J Med Genet A, 140(23): 2556-2561. DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31371.
  • Topouzelis N, Tsaousoglou P, Pisoka V, Zouloumis L. 2010. Dilaceration of maxillary central incisor: a literature review. Dent Traumatol, 26(5): 427-433. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00915.x.
  • Toure B, Kane AW, Sarr M, Wone MM, Fall F. 2000. Prevalence of taurodontism at the level of the molar in the black Senegalese population 15 to 19 years of age. Odontostomatol Trop, 23(89): 36-39.
  • Turk T, Elekdag-Turk S. 2008. Case report: management of an impacted maxillary canine in association with a deviated palatal premolar root. J Contemp Dent Pract, 9(7): 108-114.
  • Van Dyck J, Cadenas de Llano-Pérula M, Willems G, Verdonck A. 2019. Dental development in cleft lip and palate patients: A systematic review. Forensic Sci Int, 300: 63-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.011.
  • Weckwerth GM, Santos CF, Brozoski DT, Centurion BS, Pagin O, Lauris JR, Carvalho IM, Neves LT. 2016. Taurodontism, root dilaceration, and tooth transposition: a radiographic study of a population with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 53: 404-412.
  • Yassin OM, Rihani FB. 2006. Multiple developmental dental anomalies and hypermobility type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 30(4): 337-341. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.30.4.72426m58695tg2h0.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Melisa Öçbe 0000-0003-1609-610X

Büşra Dilara Altun 0000-0003-2969-7633

Mehmet Oğuz Borahan 0000-0003-4193-2368

Asım Dumlu 0000-0001-7147-1692

Publication Date April 1, 2023
Submission Date February 21, 2023
Acceptance Date March 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Öçbe, M., Altun, B. D., Borahan, M. O., Dumlu, A. (2023). Evaluation of Root Dilaceration and Taurodontism in Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 6(2), 309-315. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1254559
AMA Öçbe M, Altun BD, Borahan MO, Dumlu A. Evaluation of Root Dilaceration and Taurodontism in Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate. BSJ Health Sci. April 2023;6(2):309-315. doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1254559
Chicago Öçbe, Melisa, Büşra Dilara Altun, Mehmet Oğuz Borahan, and Asım Dumlu. “Evaluation of Root Dilaceration and Taurodontism in Children With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6, no. 2 (April 2023): 309-15. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1254559.
EndNote Öçbe M, Altun BD, Borahan MO, Dumlu A (April 1, 2023) Evaluation of Root Dilaceration and Taurodontism in Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6 2 309–315.
IEEE M. Öçbe, B. D. Altun, M. O. Borahan, and A. Dumlu, “Evaluation of Root Dilaceration and Taurodontism in Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate”, BSJ Health Sci., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 309–315, 2023, doi: 10.19127/bshealthscience.1254559.
ISNAD Öçbe, Melisa et al. “Evaluation of Root Dilaceration and Taurodontism in Children With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6/2 (April 2023), 309-315. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1254559.
JAMA Öçbe M, Altun BD, Borahan MO, Dumlu A. Evaluation of Root Dilaceration and Taurodontism in Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate. BSJ Health Sci. 2023;6:309–315.
MLA Öçbe, Melisa et al. “Evaluation of Root Dilaceration and Taurodontism in Children With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, vol. 6, no. 2, 2023, pp. 309-15, doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1254559.
Vancouver Öçbe M, Altun BD, Borahan MO, Dumlu A. Evaluation of Root Dilaceration and Taurodontism in Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate. BSJ Health Sci. 2023;6(2):309-15.
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