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Evaluation of Psycho-Social Problems of Geriatric Individuals during the Curfew: The Provincial Example from Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 423 - 430, 01.07.2023

Muhammet Ali Oruç , Şule Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1290185

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psycho-social problems experienced by geriatric individuals during the curfew, in Samsun, Türkiye. The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in Samsun, Türkiye. The population of the research consisted of individuals aged 65 and over who were served on the "Psycho-social Support Line" between June 1 and July 31, 2020 (N=2700). The responses of 452 participants were included in the study. A total of a 35-item survey, created by scanning the literature, were used to collect data to evaluate socio-demographic data, Life Routine, Psycho-social Evaluation, and Psycho-social Support Needs. In the study, a questionnaire was applied to the volunteer participants selected by the simple random method of telephone interview technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney-U test, Pearson Chi-Square test and Fisher's Exact Test. P<0.05 was accepted as significance level. In the results, it was determined that the elderly people spent most of their time praying (24.1%), taking care of the garden (22.8%), and watching television (14.6%) after the curfew. While the rate of the elderly who participated in the study during the restrictions who had problems in meeting their needs was 1.8%, the rate of those who applied to any social support line was 6.6%. The proportion of those who requested re-interview with psycho-social support services was significantly higher in women (P=0.049), those with chronic diseases (P=0.023), those who were concerned about the transmission of the COVID-19 virus (P=0.027), and those who slept irregularly (P=0.013). It was found that the number of people living with the elderly who requested to meet again with psycho-social support services was higher (P=0.014). As a result of the study, it was determined that a small part of the elderly needed social and financial support due to curfews. The fact that women and those with chronic diseases need more psycho-social support in this period shows that it is important for public health to protect the psycho-social health of disadvantaged groups in a crisis period such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords

COVID-19 Elderly Geriatrics Pandemic Quarantine

References

  • Armitage R, Nellums LB. 2020. COVID-19 and the consequences of isolating the elderly. Lancet Pub Health, 5(5): e256. DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30061-X.
  • Arslan M. 2009. Geleneksellik ve yaslı dindarlığı: Tasrada sosyal hizmet alamayan yaslıların dindarlık durumları üzerine uygulamalı bir inceleme. Yaşlı Sorun Araş Derg, 2(2): 112-125.
  • Banerjee D. 2020. Age and ageism in COVID-19': Elderly mental health-care vulnerabilities and needs. Asian J Psychiatr, 51: 102154. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102154.
  • Bozdemir N, Karakuş G, Kurdak H. 2017. Türkiye ve dünyada erişkin depresyonu epidemiyolojisi. Türkiye Klin j Family Medic, 8(1): 1-6.
  • Çetin Ç, Güzeloğlu T. 2022. Covid 19 pandemi döneminde dini başa çıkma tarzları ile ruh sağlığı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Fırat Üniv İlahiyat Fak Derg, 27(1): 217-237.
  • Dein S, Loewenthal K, Lewis C, Pargament K. 2020. COVID-19, mental health and religion: an agenda for future research. Mental Health Relig Cult, 23(1): 1-9.
  • Del Brutto OH, Mera RM, Peinado CD, Zambrano M, Sedler MJ. 2020. Frailty and risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults living in a rural setting: the Atahualpa project. J Frailty Aging, 9: 150-154.
  • Demirel AC, Sütçü S. 2021. Covid-19 Salgınında Türkiye'de yaşlılara yönelik uygulamalar ve hizmetlerin değerlendirilmesi. OPUS Int J Soc Res, Pandemi Special Issue: 3641-3675. DOI: 10.26466/opus.858337.
  • Dent E, Lien C, Lim WS, Wong WC, Wong CH, Ng TP. 2017. The Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines for the management of frailty. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 18(7): 564-575.
  • Docherty S, Haskell-Ramsay CF, McInnes L, Wetherell MA. 2021. The Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on health and psychosocial functioning in older adults aged 70 and over. Gerontol Geriatr Med, 7: 23337214211039974. DOI: 10.1177/23337214211039974.
  • Durazzo M, Campion D, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R. 2017. Gastrointestinal tract disorders in the elderly. Minerva Med, 108(6): 575-591. DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.17.05417-9.
  • Ercan M, Arıcı A. 2020. COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin yaşlılar üzerindeki biyo-psiko-sosyal etkileri üzerine bir değerlendirme. J ADEM. 1(3): 5-22.
  • Eyigor S, Kutsal YG, Duran E, Huner B, Paker N, Durmus B, Sahin N, Civelek GM, Gokkaya K, Doğan A, Günaydın R, Toraman F, Cakir T, Evcik D, Aydeniz A, Yildirim AG, Borman P, Okumus M, Ceceli E; Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Rehabilitation Working Group. 2015. Frailty prevalence and related factors in the older adult-FrailTURK Project. Age (Dordr), 37: 1-13.
  • Ilardi A, Chieffi S, Iavarone A, Ilardi CR. 2020. SARS-CoV-2 in Italy: population density correlates with morbidity and mortality. Jpn J Infect Dis, 74(1): 61-64. DOI: 10.7883/yoken. JJID.2020.200.
  • Meng H, Xu Y, Dai J, Zhang Y, Liu B, Yang H. 2020. Analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 among the elderly population in China and make corresponding suggestions. Psychiatry Res, 289: 112983. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020. 112983.
  • Openepi Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health. 2021. URL: http://www.openepi.com/SampleSize/SSPropor .htm (accessed date: May 15, 2020).
  • OECD. 2019. Mental health. http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/mentalhealth.htm (accessed date: September 22, 2022).
  • Ozpınar S, Baycelebi S, Demir Y, Yazıcıoglu B. 2022. How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect older adults? Investigation in terms of disability, state-trait anxiety and life satisfaction: Samsun, Türkiye example. Psychogeriatrics, 22(2): 202-209.
  • Peralta EA, Taveras M. 2020. Effectiveness of teleconsultation use in access to mental health services during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the Dominican Republic. Indian J Psychiatry, 62(Suppl 3): S492-S494.
  • Ramos C, Leal I. 2013. Posttraumatic growth in the aftermath of trauma: A literature review about related factors and application contexts. Psychol Commun Health, 2(1), 43-54. DOI: 10.23668/psycharchives.2243.
  • Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Interior. 2020. Curfew circular for those aged 65 and over and those with chronic illness. URL: https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/65-yas-veustu-ile-kronik-rahatsizligi-olanlara-sokaga-cikma-yasagi-genelgesi# (accessed date: December 22, 2021).
  • Republic of Türkiye, The Ministry of Family and Social Services. 2020. URL: https://www.aile.gov.tr/haberler/bakanligimiz-covid-19-nedeniyle-vatandaslara-telefonla-psikososyal-destek-veriyor/ (accessed date: May 28, 2021).
  • Sandalcı B, Uyaroglu OA, Guven GS. 2020. COVID-19'da kronik hastalıkların rolü, önemi ve öneriler. Flora, 25(5). DOI: 10.5578/flora.69700.
  • Sener M. 2022. Covid-19 sürecinde vefa sosyal destek grubu hizmetinin değerlendirilmesi: Afyonkarahisar örneği. Yükseklisans Tezi, Necmettin Erbakan Vakıf Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya, Türkiye, pp: 99.
  • Senol D, Tastan A. 2021. COVID-19 (Sars-CoV2) süresinin 65 yaş ve üzeri kişiler üzerindeki etkilerini anlamaya yönelik nitel bir çalışma. Habitus Toplum Bil Derg, 2(2): 1-32.
  • Siriwardhana DD, Hardoon S, Rait G, Weerasinghe MC, Walters KR. 2018. Prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling older adults in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 8(3): e018195.
  • Stearns M, Nadorff DK, Lantz ED, McKay IT. 2018. Religiosity and depressive symptoms in older adults compared to younger adults: Moderation by age. J Affect Disord, 238: 522-525. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.076.
  • Steinman MA, Perry L, Perissinotto CM. 2020. Meeting the care needs of older adults isolated at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Int Med, 180(6), 819-820. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1661.
  • Tel H, Güler N, Tel H. 2011. Yaşlıların evde günlük yaşam aktivitelerini sürdürme durumu ve yaşam kaliteleri. Hemş Araş Geliş Derg, 13(2): 59-67.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. 2021. URL: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist. (accessed date: November 10, 2021).
  • UNFPA. 2021. Global white paper the consequences of covid-19 for the elderly: response to the epidemic. URL: https://Türkiye.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pubpdf/UNFPA_Technical_Guide_Older_Persons_and_COVID19_Turkish.pdf. (accessed date: July 27, 2021).
  • Van Tilburg TG, Steinmetz S, Stolte E, van der Roest H, de Vries DH. 2021. Loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study among Dutch older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 76(7), e249-e255. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa11.
  • WHO. 2020. World Health Organization. URL: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/ mental-health-considerations.pdf. (accessed date: April 20,2021).
  • Yang L, Wu D, Hou Y, Wang X, Dai N, Wang G. 2020. Analysis of psychological state and clinical psychological intervention model of patients with COVID-19. MedRxiv, 2020.03.22.20040899. DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.22.20040899.
  • Ye B, Gao J, Fu H. 2018. Associations between lifestyle, physical and social environments and frailty among Chinese older people: a multilevel analysis. BMC Geriatr, 18: 1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0982-1.
  • Yip PS, Cheung YT, Chau PH, Law YW. 2010. The impact of epidemic outbreak. Crisis, 31(2): 86-92.
  • Zhang R, Jiang T, Li N, Wang Z, Liu B, Fang L, Zhang X. 2015. The negative psychology for the public in Zhejiang province during the epidemic of human H7N9 avian influenza. Zhonghua yu Fang yi xue za zhi. Chinese J Prevent Medic, 49(12): 1073-1079. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2015.12.011.

Evaluation of Psycho-Social Problems of Geriatric Individuals during the Curfew: The Provincial Example from Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 423 - 430, 01.07.2023

Muhammet Ali Oruç , Şule Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1290185

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psycho-social problems experienced by geriatric individuals during the curfew, in Samsun, Türkiye. The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in Samsun, Türkiye. The population of the research consisted of individuals aged 65 and over who were served on the "Psycho-social Support Line" between June 1 and July 31, 2020 (N=2700). The responses of 452 participants were included in the study. A total of a 35-item survey, created by scanning the literature, were used to collect data to evaluate socio-demographic data, Life Routine, Psycho-social Evaluation, and Psycho-social Support Needs. In the study, a questionnaire was applied to the volunteer participants selected by the simple random method of telephone interview technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney-U test, Pearson Chi-Square test and Fisher's Exact Test. P<0.05 was accepted as significance level. In the results, it was determined that the elderly people spent most of their time praying (24.1%), taking care of the garden (22.8%), and watching television (14.6%) after the curfew. While the rate of the elderly who participated in the study during the restrictions who had problems in meeting their needs was 1.8%, the rate of those who applied to any social support line was 6.6%. The proportion of those who requested re-interview with psycho-social support services was significantly higher in women (P=0.049), those with chronic diseases (P=0.023), those who were concerned about the transmission of the COVID-19 virus (P=0.027), and those who slept irregularly (P=0.013). It was found that the number of people living with the elderly who requested to meet again with psycho-social support services was higher (P=0.014). As a result of the study, it was determined that a small part of the elderly needed social and financial support due to curfews. The fact that women and those with chronic diseases need more psycho-social support in this period shows that it is important for public health to protect the psycho-social health of disadvantaged groups in a crisis period such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords

COVID-19 Elderly Geriatrics Pandemic Quarantine

References

  • Armitage R, Nellums LB. 2020. COVID-19 and the consequences of isolating the elderly. Lancet Pub Health, 5(5): e256. DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30061-X.
  • Arslan M. 2009. Geleneksellik ve yaslı dindarlığı: Tasrada sosyal hizmet alamayan yaslıların dindarlık durumları üzerine uygulamalı bir inceleme. Yaşlı Sorun Araş Derg, 2(2): 112-125.
  • Banerjee D. 2020. Age and ageism in COVID-19': Elderly mental health-care vulnerabilities and needs. Asian J Psychiatr, 51: 102154. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102154.
  • Bozdemir N, Karakuş G, Kurdak H. 2017. Türkiye ve dünyada erişkin depresyonu epidemiyolojisi. Türkiye Klin j Family Medic, 8(1): 1-6.
  • Çetin Ç, Güzeloğlu T. 2022. Covid 19 pandemi döneminde dini başa çıkma tarzları ile ruh sağlığı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Fırat Üniv İlahiyat Fak Derg, 27(1): 217-237.
  • Dein S, Loewenthal K, Lewis C, Pargament K. 2020. COVID-19, mental health and religion: an agenda for future research. Mental Health Relig Cult, 23(1): 1-9.
  • Del Brutto OH, Mera RM, Peinado CD, Zambrano M, Sedler MJ. 2020. Frailty and risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults living in a rural setting: the Atahualpa project. J Frailty Aging, 9: 150-154.
  • Demirel AC, Sütçü S. 2021. Covid-19 Salgınında Türkiye'de yaşlılara yönelik uygulamalar ve hizmetlerin değerlendirilmesi. OPUS Int J Soc Res, Pandemi Special Issue: 3641-3675. DOI: 10.26466/opus.858337.
  • Dent E, Lien C, Lim WS, Wong WC, Wong CH, Ng TP. 2017. The Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines for the management of frailty. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 18(7): 564-575.
  • Docherty S, Haskell-Ramsay CF, McInnes L, Wetherell MA. 2021. The Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on health and psychosocial functioning in older adults aged 70 and over. Gerontol Geriatr Med, 7: 23337214211039974. DOI: 10.1177/23337214211039974.
  • Durazzo M, Campion D, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R. 2017. Gastrointestinal tract disorders in the elderly. Minerva Med, 108(6): 575-591. DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.17.05417-9.
  • Ercan M, Arıcı A. 2020. COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin yaşlılar üzerindeki biyo-psiko-sosyal etkileri üzerine bir değerlendirme. J ADEM. 1(3): 5-22.
  • Eyigor S, Kutsal YG, Duran E, Huner B, Paker N, Durmus B, Sahin N, Civelek GM, Gokkaya K, Doğan A, Günaydın R, Toraman F, Cakir T, Evcik D, Aydeniz A, Yildirim AG, Borman P, Okumus M, Ceceli E; Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Rehabilitation Working Group. 2015. Frailty prevalence and related factors in the older adult-FrailTURK Project. Age (Dordr), 37: 1-13.
  • Ilardi A, Chieffi S, Iavarone A, Ilardi CR. 2020. SARS-CoV-2 in Italy: population density correlates with morbidity and mortality. Jpn J Infect Dis, 74(1): 61-64. DOI: 10.7883/yoken. JJID.2020.200.
  • Meng H, Xu Y, Dai J, Zhang Y, Liu B, Yang H. 2020. Analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 among the elderly population in China and make corresponding suggestions. Psychiatry Res, 289: 112983. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020. 112983.
  • Openepi Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health. 2021. URL: http://www.openepi.com/SampleSize/SSPropor .htm (accessed date: May 15, 2020).
  • OECD. 2019. Mental health. http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/mentalhealth.htm (accessed date: September 22, 2022).
  • Ozpınar S, Baycelebi S, Demir Y, Yazıcıoglu B. 2022. How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect older adults? Investigation in terms of disability, state-trait anxiety and life satisfaction: Samsun, Türkiye example. Psychogeriatrics, 22(2): 202-209.
  • Peralta EA, Taveras M. 2020. Effectiveness of teleconsultation use in access to mental health services during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the Dominican Republic. Indian J Psychiatry, 62(Suppl 3): S492-S494.
  • Ramos C, Leal I. 2013. Posttraumatic growth in the aftermath of trauma: A literature review about related factors and application contexts. Psychol Commun Health, 2(1), 43-54. DOI: 10.23668/psycharchives.2243.
  • Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Interior. 2020. Curfew circular for those aged 65 and over and those with chronic illness. URL: https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/65-yas-veustu-ile-kronik-rahatsizligi-olanlara-sokaga-cikma-yasagi-genelgesi# (accessed date: December 22, 2021).
  • Republic of Türkiye, The Ministry of Family and Social Services. 2020. URL: https://www.aile.gov.tr/haberler/bakanligimiz-covid-19-nedeniyle-vatandaslara-telefonla-psikososyal-destek-veriyor/ (accessed date: May 28, 2021).
  • Sandalcı B, Uyaroglu OA, Guven GS. 2020. COVID-19'da kronik hastalıkların rolü, önemi ve öneriler. Flora, 25(5). DOI: 10.5578/flora.69700.
  • Sener M. 2022. Covid-19 sürecinde vefa sosyal destek grubu hizmetinin değerlendirilmesi: Afyonkarahisar örneği. Yükseklisans Tezi, Necmettin Erbakan Vakıf Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya, Türkiye, pp: 99.
  • Senol D, Tastan A. 2021. COVID-19 (Sars-CoV2) süresinin 65 yaş ve üzeri kişiler üzerindeki etkilerini anlamaya yönelik nitel bir çalışma. Habitus Toplum Bil Derg, 2(2): 1-32.
  • Siriwardhana DD, Hardoon S, Rait G, Weerasinghe MC, Walters KR. 2018. Prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling older adults in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 8(3): e018195.
  • Stearns M, Nadorff DK, Lantz ED, McKay IT. 2018. Religiosity and depressive symptoms in older adults compared to younger adults: Moderation by age. J Affect Disord, 238: 522-525. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.076.
  • Steinman MA, Perry L, Perissinotto CM. 2020. Meeting the care needs of older adults isolated at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Int Med, 180(6), 819-820. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1661.
  • Tel H, Güler N, Tel H. 2011. Yaşlıların evde günlük yaşam aktivitelerini sürdürme durumu ve yaşam kaliteleri. Hemş Araş Geliş Derg, 13(2): 59-67.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. 2021. URL: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist. (accessed date: November 10, 2021).
  • UNFPA. 2021. Global white paper the consequences of covid-19 for the elderly: response to the epidemic. URL: https://Türkiye.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pubpdf/UNFPA_Technical_Guide_Older_Persons_and_COVID19_Turkish.pdf. (accessed date: July 27, 2021).
  • Van Tilburg TG, Steinmetz S, Stolte E, van der Roest H, de Vries DH. 2021. Loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study among Dutch older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 76(7), e249-e255. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa11.
  • WHO. 2020. World Health Organization. URL: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/ mental-health-considerations.pdf. (accessed date: April 20,2021).
  • Yang L, Wu D, Hou Y, Wang X, Dai N, Wang G. 2020. Analysis of psychological state and clinical psychological intervention model of patients with COVID-19. MedRxiv, 2020.03.22.20040899. DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.22.20040899.
  • Ye B, Gao J, Fu H. 2018. Associations between lifestyle, physical and social environments and frailty among Chinese older people: a multilevel analysis. BMC Geriatr, 18: 1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0982-1.
  • Yip PS, Cheung YT, Chau PH, Law YW. 2010. The impact of epidemic outbreak. Crisis, 31(2): 86-92.
  • Zhang R, Jiang T, Li N, Wang Z, Liu B, Fang L, Zhang X. 2015. The negative psychology for the public in Zhejiang province during the epidemic of human H7N9 avian influenza. Zhonghua yu Fang yi xue za zhi. Chinese J Prevent Medic, 49(12): 1073-1079. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2015.12.011.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences, Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Muhammet Ali Oruç 0000-0002-4320-8579

Şule Özdemir 0000-0002-0366-7455

Early Pub Date June 13, 2023
Publication Date July 1, 2023
Submission Date May 2, 2023
Acceptance Date May 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Oruç, M. A., & Özdemir, Ş. (2023). Evaluation of Psycho-Social Problems of Geriatric Individuals during the Curfew: The Provincial Example from Türkiye. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 6(3), 423-430. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1290185
AMA Oruç MA, Özdemir Ş. Evaluation of Psycho-Social Problems of Geriatric Individuals during the Curfew: The Provincial Example from Türkiye. BSJ Health Sci. July 2023;6(3):423-430. doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1290185
Chicago Oruç, Muhammet Ali, and Şule Özdemir. “Evaluation of Psycho-Social Problems of Geriatric Individuals During the Curfew: The Provincial Example from Türkiye”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6, no. 3 (July 2023): 423-30. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1290185.
EndNote Oruç MA, Özdemir Ş (July 1, 2023) Evaluation of Psycho-Social Problems of Geriatric Individuals during the Curfew: The Provincial Example from Türkiye. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6 3 423–430.
IEEE M. A. Oruç and Ş. Özdemir, “Evaluation of Psycho-Social Problems of Geriatric Individuals during the Curfew: The Provincial Example from Türkiye”, BSJ Health Sci., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 423–430, 2023, doi: 10.19127/bshealthscience.1290185.
ISNAD Oruç, Muhammet Ali - Özdemir, Şule. “Evaluation of Psycho-Social Problems of Geriatric Individuals During the Curfew: The Provincial Example from Türkiye”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6/3 (July 2023), 423-430. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1290185.
JAMA Oruç MA, Özdemir Ş. Evaluation of Psycho-Social Problems of Geriatric Individuals during the Curfew: The Provincial Example from Türkiye. BSJ Health Sci. 2023;6:423–430.
MLA Oruç, Muhammet Ali and Şule Özdemir. “Evaluation of Psycho-Social Problems of Geriatric Individuals During the Curfew: The Provincial Example from Türkiye”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, vol. 6, no. 3, 2023, pp. 423-30, doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1290185.
Vancouver Oruç MA, Özdemir Ş. Evaluation of Psycho-Social Problems of Geriatric Individuals during the Curfew: The Provincial Example from Türkiye. BSJ Health Sci. 2023;6(3):423-30.
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