EFFECT OF PROPOLIS ON WOUND HEALING: A CLINICAL AND HISTOMORPHOMETRIC STUDY IN RATS

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 81 - 88, 30.08.2023

Aysun Akpınar , Hakan Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.1289441

Abstract

Background: Propolis is known to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, immunostimulant and local anesthetic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and histomorphometric effects of propolis on the healing of excisional palatal wounds in rats.
Materials and methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were used for the study. Six animals were sacrificed at beginning of the study as initial wound (0 day). The rats were divided into three groups: Propolis (P), Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Control (C). Subjects in all three groups were randomly selected to form nine subgroups of six rats each. Under anesthesia, circular excision wounds with a diameter of 3 mm were formed in the middle of the palate of the rats by punching. The mucoperiosteal part was removed with sharp dissection, and the area on the open bone surface was left to heal the secondary wound. Propolis was administered locally at a rate of 1 ml/day. The rats were sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 21, and pictures of the wound area were taken. Each photograph was transferred to a dedicated program to measure the defect area. Histological sections were taken and the presence of inflammatory cells, epithelialization, and degree of healing were assessed.
Results: The average wound area between epithelial margins decreased significantly over time in all groups (p <0.05). compared to CHX and C groups, significant reduction of wound area was observed after seven, 14 and 21 days by using Propolis at (respectively 5.56±3.77; 3.70±1.76; 1.12±0.83) On day 21st day, the inflammatory cells were still observed in the Control group.
Conclusion: The results of the study show that Propolis has a positive effect on the healing of soft tissue by accelerating wound healing.

Keywords

Propolis, chlorhexidine, oral wound healing

Supporting Institution

herhangi bir kurum desteği bulunmamaktadır

Thanks

Special thanks to Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Zeynep Şahin İnan for her contributions in the histological evaluation of our study.

PROPOLİSİN YARA İYİLEŞMESİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: SIÇANLARDA KLİNİK VE HİSTOMORFOMETRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA

Abstract

Amaç: Propolisin antioksidan, antiinflamatuar, antibakteriyel, antiviral, immunostimulant ve lokal anestezik etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sıçanlarda eksizyonel damak yaralarının iyileşmesinde propolisin klinik ve histomorfometrik etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır.
Materyal ve metod: Çalışmada 60 adet erkek Wistar sıçan kullanıldı. Başlangıçta iyileşme referansı olarak (0 gün) altı hayvan sakrifiye edildi, Sıçanlar 3 gruba ayrıldı: Propolis (P), Klorheksidin (CHX) ve Kontrol (K). Tüm gruptaki denekler rastgele seçilerek altışar sıçandan oluşan dokuz alt grup oluşturuldu. Anestezi altına sıçanların damaklarının tam ortasında punch ile 3 mm çapında sirküler eksizyonel yara yüzeyleri oluşturuldu. Mukoperiosteal kısım keskin diseksiyonla uzaklaştırıldı ve açık kemik yüzeyindeki alan sekonder iyileşmeye bırakıldı. Propolis 1 ml/gün olacak şeklide gavaj yoluyla lokal olarak uygulandı. Sıçanlar yedinci, 14. ve 21. günlerde sakrifiye edildi ve yara bölgesinin fotoğrafları çekildi. Her bir fotoğraf özel bir programa aktarılarak defekt bölgesindeki yara alanı ölçüldü. Histolojik kesitler alınarak enflamatuar hücre varlığı, epitelizasyon ve iyileşme düzeylerine bakıldı.
Bulgular: Epitelyal marjinler arasındaki ortalama yara alanı, tüm gruplarda zamanla önemli ölçüde azaldı (p <0.05). Propolis grubu, Chx ve K grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında yedi, 14 ve 21. günlerde (sırasıyla 5.56±3.77; 3.70±1.76; 1.12±0.83) belirgin bir yara alanı azalması gözlemlenmiştir 21. günde kontrol grubunda inflamatuar hücreler gözlenmeye devam etti.
Sonuç: Çalışmanın bulguları ışığında Propolisin yara iyileşmesini hızlandırarak yumuşak dokunun iyileşmesinde olumlu etkileri gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

Propolis, klorheksidin glukonat, yara iyileşmesi

References

• KAYNAKLAR 1. Altan A, Aras MH, Damlar I, et al. The effect of Hypericum Perforatum on wound healing of oral mucosa in diabetic rats. Eur Oral Res. 2018; 52(3): 143-149.
• 2. Bakaeen GS, Strahan JD. Effects of a 1% chlorhexidine gel during the healing phase after inverse bevel mucogingival flap surgery. J Clin Periodontol. 1980; 7(1): 20-25.
• 3. Zambon JJ, Ciancio SG, Mather ML, et al. The effect of an antimicrobial mouthrinse on early healing of gingival flap surgery wounds. J Periodontol. 1989; 60(1): 31-34.
• 4. Feres M, Figueiredo LC, Barreto IM, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and propolis in saliva samples of healthy and periodontally-involved subjects. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2005; 7(3): 90-96.
• 5. Kalemba, D, Kunicka A. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Curr Med Chem, 2003; 10(10): 813-829.
• 6. Kujumgiev A, Tsvetkova I, Serkedjieva Yu, et al. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis of different geographic origin. J Ethnopharmacol.1999; 64(3): 235-240.
• 7. Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, KadotaS. Recent progress in pharmacological research of propolis. Phytother Res. 2001; 15(7): 561-571.
• 8. Lu LC, Chen YW, Chou CC. Antibacterial activity of propolis against Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Food Microbiol. 2005; 102(2): 213-220.
• 9. Grange JM, Davey RW. Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue). J R Soc Med. 1990; 83(3): 159-160.
• 10. Uzel A, Öncag Ö, Cogulu D, et al. Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of four different Anatolian propolis samples. Microbiol Res. 2005; 160(2): 189-195.
• 11. Duarte S., Koo H, Bowen WH, et al. Effect of a novel type of propolis and its chemical fractions on glucosyltransferases and on growth and adherence of mutans streptococci. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003; 26(4): 527-531.
• 12. Santos FA, Bastos E, Maia A, et al. Brazilian propolis: physicochemical properties, plant origin and antibacterial activity on periodontopathogens. Phytother Res. 2003; 17(3): 285-289.
• 13. Ledon N, Casaco A, Gonzalez R, et al. Antipsoriatic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of an extract of red propolis. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1997; 18(3): 274-276.
• 14. Jacob A, Parolia A, Pau A, et al. The effects of Malaysian propolis and Brazilian red propolis on connective tissue fibroblasts in the wound healing process. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015; 15: 294.
• 15. Olczyk P, Wisowski G, Komosinska-Vassev G, et al. Propolis Modifies Collagen Types I and III Accumulation in the Matrix of Burnt Tissue. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013: 423809. doi.org/10.1155/2013/423809.
• 16. Martinotti S, Ranzato E. Propolis: a new frontier for wound healing? Burns & Trauma. 2015; 3: 9.
• 17. Hozzein WN, Badr G, Al Ghamdi AA, et al. Topical application of propolis enhances cutaneous wound healing by promoting TGF-beta/Smad-mediated collagen production in a streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic mouse model. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015; 37(3): 940-954.
• 18. Gregory SR, Piccolo N, Piccolo MT, et al. Comparison of propolis skin cream to silver sulfadiazine: a naturopathic alternative to antibiotics in treatment of minor burns. J Altern Complement Med. 2002; 8(1): 77-83.
• 19. Ozturk, F., et al., The effects of acetylcholine and propolis extract on corneal epithelial wound healing in rats. Cornea, 1999. 18(4): p. 466-71.
• 20. Ozturk F, Kurt E, Inan UU, et al. The effect of propolis extract in experimental chemical corneal injury. Ophthalmic Res. 2000; 32(1): 13-18.
• 21. Bretz WA, Chiego DJ, Marcucci MC, et al. Preliminary report on the effects of propolis on wound healing in the dental pulp. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 1998; 53(11-12): 1045-1048.
• 22. Magro Filho O, de Carvalho AC. Application of propolis to dental sockets and skin wounds. J Nihon Univ Sch Dent. 1990; 32(1): 4-13.
• 23. Bowler PG, Duerden BI, Armstrong DG. Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2001; 14(2): 244-269.
• 24. Van Rensburg CEJ, Van Straten A, Dekker J. An in vitro investigation of the antimicrobial activity of oxifulvic acid. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2000; 46(5): 853-854.
• 25. Kuropatnicki AK, Szliszka E, Krol W. Historical aspects of propolis research in modern times. Evid Based Compl Alternative Med. 2013; 2013: 964149.
• 26. Castaldo SCF. Propolis, an old remedy used in modern medicine. Fitoterapia. 2002; 73(S1): 6. doi: 10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00185-5.
• 27. Toreti VC, Sato HH, Pastore GM, et al. Recent progress of propolis for its biological and chemical compositions and its botanical origin. Evid Based Compl Alternative Med. 2013; 2013: 697390.
• 28. Olczyk P, Komosinska-Vassev K, Wisowski G, et al. Propolis modulates fibronectin expression in the matrix of thermal injury. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014: 748101.
• 29. de Moura SA, Negri G, Salatino A, et al. Aqueous extract of brazilian green propolis: primary components, evaluation of inflammation and wound healing by using subcutaneous implanted sponges. Evid Based Compl Alternative Med. 2011; 2011: 748283.
• 30. Sutta J, Hanko J, Janda J, Tkac J. Experimental and clinical experiences in the treatment of wounds in domestic animals by local application of an alcoholic solution of propolis. Bratislava: Folia Veterinaria. 1974; 18: 143-147
• 31. Dimov V, Ivanovska N, Manolova N, et al. Influence on anti-infectious protection and macrophage function. Apidologie. 1991; 22: 155-162. doi: 10.1051/apido:19910208.