Öğrenme Kuramlarının Çevrimiçi Öğretim Ortamlarında ve Materyallerinde Uygulanması: Bir Ölçütler Takımı Geliştirme Çalışması

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 707 - 732, 30.06.2019

Seda Özer Şanal , Arif Akçay , Meral Çiçek Tutulmaz Mukaddes Erdem

https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.528904

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışma, çevrimiçi
öğretim ortamlarının ve materyallerinin öğrenme kuramları perspektifinden
incelenmesini ya da oluşturulmasını olanaklı kılacak, üzerinde uzlaşılmış bir
ölçütler takımı oluşturmak üzere gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bir öğretim tasarım
sürecinin, planlanmasından uygulanıp geliştirilmesine kadar geçen tüm
aşamalarında öğrenme kuramlarının rehberliğine gereksinim olduğu anlayışıyla
gerçekleştirilen çalışmada; öncelikle davranışçı, bilişsel ve yapılandırmacı
öğrenme kuramlarının öğrenmeye ilişkin açıklamaları incelenmiştir. Daha sonra,
bu açıklamaların öğretim ortam ya da materyallerinde nasıl karşılık bulacağı,
öğretimsel uygulamalar türünden belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Uzman görüşleri
doğrultusunda gözden geçirilen bu ilk ifadeler, 5’li likert tipinde bir ölçek
formunda düzenlenmiştir. Ölçek yeniden uzman görüşüne sunulmuş ve alınan
görüşler doğrultusunda düzenlenmiştir. 70 maddeden oluşan yeni form
kullanılarak; EBA(Eğitim Bilişim Ağı)’dan herkese açık 6 farklı öğretim
materyali incelenmiştir. 3 değerlendirici tarafından gerçekleştirilen
inceleme 4 araştırmacının da katılımıyla gözden geçirilmiş ve 10 madde ölçekten
çıkarılmıştır. 60 maddelik ölçek üzerinden değerlendiriciler arası uyum
düzeyleri hesaplanmıştır. Kabul edilebilir uyum düzeyleri belirlenen 60
maddelik ölçek, 26 kişilik bir uzman grubun görüşüne sunularak kapsam geçerlik
indeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarına göre kapsam geçerlik
indeksleri; kurama uygunluk açısından davranışçılıkta 0.78 (p<.05), bilişsel
anlayışta 0.87 (p<.05) ve yapılandırmacılıkta 0.85 (p<.05)’tir. Bu son
inceleme ile 60 maddelik bir ölçütler takımına erişilmiştir.

Keywords

öğrenme kuramı, çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamı, ölçek geliştirme

Application of Learning Theories in Online Instructional Environments and Materials: A Study for Developing a Set of Criteria

Abstract

The aim of this study was
to develop a set of agreed criteria for the examination or formation of online
instructional environments and materials from the viewpoint of learning
theories. Based on the understanding that the guidance of learning theories is
needed in all stages of an instructional design process from planning to
implementation, this study first examined the behaviourist, cognitive, and
constructivist learning theories about learning. Instructional practice
examples were then examined to determine statements showing how these
explanations reflect on the instructional environments or materials. The first
statements revised in line with the expert opinions were turned into a 5-point
Likert type scale. The opinions of the experts were received on the scale and
the necessary revisions were made. Using the 70-item scale, six different open
access instructional materials from the Educational Informatics Network (EBA)
were examined. The examination was carried out by three reviewers and revised
with the participation of four researchers. Ten items were excluded from the
scale. The levels of conformity among the reviewers were calculated for the
60-item scale. Content validity indices were calculated based on the opinions
of 26 experts for the final scale, for which the acceptable levels of
conformity were determined. Content validity indices of the sub-dimensions of
the scale were 0.78 (p<.05), 0.87 (p<.05), and 0.85 (p<.05) in
behaviourism, cognitive understanding, and constructivism, respectively, in terms
of compliance with theory. At the end of the final review, a set of criteria
consisting of 60 items was developed.

Keywords

Learning theory, online learning environment, scale develoment

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