NEOGENE - QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY OF KÝRAZ - BEYDAÐ VICINITY, KÜÇÜK MENDERES GRABEN, WEST ANATOLIA

Yıl 2006, Cilt: 132 Sayı: 132, 1 - 32, 01.01.2006

Tahir Emre Hasan Sözbilir , Nuran Gökçen

Öz

The study area constitutes the eastern end of the Küçük Menderes Graben and is underlain by the Ödemiş-Kiraz Submassif of the Menderes Masif. The Middle Miocene Başova andezite, cut the metamorphic basement and they are calc-alkaline in nature. Basalts and andesites are considered to be the products of the common igneous activity because their trace element compositions. During the Late Middle Miocene time the Kiraz basin way stated to form. In this extensional basin small lakes were formed with algae and ostracoda populations. At the beginning the basin was connected to an open sea but later it was controlled by rivers with alluvial fan deposits. The Suludere formation consist of lacustrine and fluvial sedimentary rocks and yield ostracoda fossils of the Middle to Late Miocene. This formation overlaps the metamorphic basement and the volcanic rocks and unconformably covered by the Aydoğdu formation. This unit consists of alluvial fan deposits which were formed along high angle faults. The Aydoğdu formation includes semiconsolidated poorly sorted and laterally digitated sedimentary rocks. The alluvium covers the youngest depresion. The faults controlled the extensional basin and the geometry of the sediment in fill. These faults are a few kilometers in length and bring the various Neogene units in contact with the older units. The high angle active faults control the present morphology of the area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

NEOGENE, QUATERNARY, STRATIGRAPHY

NEOGENE - QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY OF KÝRAZ - BEYDAÐ VICINITY, KÜÇÜK MENDERES GRABEN, WEST ANATOLIA

Öz

The study area
constitutes the eastern end of the Küçük Menderes Graben and is underlain by
the Ödemiş-Kiraz Submassif of the Menderes Masif. The Middle Miocene Başova
andezite, cut the metamorphic basement and they are calc-alkaline in nature.
Basalts and andesites are considered to be the products of the common igneous
activity because their trace element compositions. During the Late Middle
Miocene time the Kiraz basin way stated to form. In this extensional basin
small lakes were formed with algae and ostracoda populations. At the beginning
the basin was connected to an open sea but later it was controlled by rivers
with alluvial fan deposits. The Suludere formation consist of lacustrine and
fluvial sedimentary rocks and yield ostracoda fossils of the Middle to Late
Miocene. This formation overlaps the metamorphic basement and the volcanic
rocks and unconformably covered by the Aydoğdu formation. This unit consists of
alluvial fan deposits which were formed along high angle faults. The Aydoğdu
formation includes semiconsolidated poorly sorted and laterally digitated sedimentary rocks.
The alluvium covers the youngest depresion. The faults controlled the
extensional basin and the geometry of the sediment in fill. These faults are a
few kilometers in length and bring the various Neogene units in contact with
the older units. The high angle active faults control the present morphology of
the area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

West Anatolia, Küçük Menderes Graben, Neogene- Quaternary continental sedimentary rocks, Neogene volcanism

Kaynakça

• Aldanmaz, E., Pearce, J.A., Thirlwall, M.F. and Mitchell, J.G. 2000. Petrogenetic evolution of Late Cenozoic, post-collision volcanism in western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 102, 67- 95.
• Angelier, J., Dumont, J.F., Karamanderesi, İ.H., Poisson, A, Şimşek, Ş. and Uysal, Ş. 1981. Analyses of fault mechanisms and expansion of southwestern Anatolia since the Late Miocene. Tectonophysics, 79, 11-19.
• Borsi, S., Ferrara, G., Innocenti, F. and Mazzuoli, R. 1972. Geochronology and petrology of recent volcanics in the eastern Aegean Sea (west Anatolian and Lesvos Island). Bulletin of Volcanolology, 36, 473-496.
• Bozkurt, E. 2000. Timing of Extension on the Büyük Menderes Graben, Western Turkey and its tectonic implications. In: Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A. and Piper, J.D.A. (eds) Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 173, 385- 403.
• ,2001 a. Late Alpine evolution of the central Menderes Massif, western Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89, 728-744.
• Bozkurt, E. 2001 b. Neotectonics of Turkey - a synthesis. Geodinamica Acta, 14, 3-30.
• ,2003. Origin of NE-trending basins in western Turkey, Geodinamica Acta, 16, 61-81.
• and Rojay, B. 2005. Episodic, two-stage Neogene extension and short-term intervening compression in western Anatolia: field evidence from the Kiraz basin and Bozdağ Horst. Geodinamica Acta, 18/3-4, 295-312.
• and Sözbilir, H. 2004. Geology of the Gediz Graben: new field evidence and tectonic significance, Geological Magazine, 141, 63-79.
• Candan, O., Dora, O.Ö., Oberhänsli, R., Çetinkaplan, M., Partzsch, J.H., Warkus, F.C. and Dürr, S. 2001. Pan-African high-pressure metamorphism in the Precambrian basement of the Menderes Massif, western Anatolia, Turkey. Int J Earth Sci, 89, 793-811.
• Dewey, J.F. and Şengör, A.M.C. 1979. Aegean and surrounding regions: Complex multiplate and continuum tectonics in a convergent zone. Geological Society of America Bulletion, 90, 84-92.
• Dumont, J.F., Uysal, Ş. and Karamanderesi, İ.H. 1979. Güney bati Anadolu'daki grabenlerin oluşumu. MTA Enst. Derg., 92, 7-17.
• Emre, T., Sözbilir, H., Gökçen, N. and Akgün, F. 2003. Kiraz (İzmir) Kuzeydoğusunun Jeolojisi, Küçük Menderes Grabeni, Bati Anadolu. 56. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayi, Bildiri Özleri Kitabi, 87-88. Ankara.
• , , and , 2005. Suludere Formasyonu, Kiraz Havzasi ( Küçük Menderes Grabeni Doğu Ucu). Stratigrafi Komitesi 5. çaliştayi, Bati Anadolu Tersiyer Çökellerinin Litostratigrafi Adlamalari, Özler, 12-13, Ankara.
• and 2006 a. Başova Andezitleri'nin (Kü- çük Menderes Grabeni Doğu Ucu - Kiraz) Jeolojisi, Jeokimyasi ve Jeokronolojisi, MTA Dergisi 131. 1-19 p.
• and , 2006 b. Kiraz havzasinin tektonik evrimi: Küçük Menderes Grabeni doğu ucu, Bati Anadolu. 59. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayi Bildiri Özleri Kitabi, 391-392, Ankara.
• Ercan, T. 1981. Bati Anadolu Tersiyer volkanitleri ve Bodrum Yarimadasindaki volkanizmanin durumu. İstanbul Yerbilimleri Derg., 2/3-4, 263-281.
• ,1982. Bati Anadolu'nun Genç Tektoniği ve volkanizmasi. Türkiye Jeol. Kur. 36. BilimselTeknik Kurultayi Panel Yay., 5-14, Ankara.
• ,1987. Bati Anadolu'daki Senozoyik volkanitlerinin radyometrik yaş tayinleri. Jeomorfoloji Bülteni. 15, 83-90. .
• and Öztunali, Ö. 1982. Kula volkanizmasinin özellikleri ve içerdiği "base surge" tabaka şekilleri. Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 25/2, 117-125.
• ,Günay, E. and Türkecan, A. 1984. Bodrum Yarimadasindaki magmatik kayaçlarin petrolojisi ve kökensel yorumu. Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 27, 85-98.
• Ercan, T. Satir, M., Kreuzer H., Türkecan, A., Günay, E., Çevikbaş, A., Ateş, M. and Can, B. 1985.
• Interpretation of the new geochemical, isotopic and radiometriz data from the western Anatolian Cenozoic. Bulletin of Geological Society of Turkey, 28, 121-136.
• , Türkecan, A., Karabiyikoğlu, M., Şaroğlu and F., Sevin, D. 1995. A review of Tertiary and Quarternary volcanism in Western Anatolia. International Earth Sci. Colloquium on the Aegean region (IESCA), İzmir-Güllük, Turkey, Program and Abstracts, 3.
• ,Satir, M., Serin, D. and Türkecan, A. 1996. Bati Anadoludaki Tersiyer ve Kuvaterner yaşli volkanik kayaçlarda yeni yapilan radyometrik yaş ölçümlerinin yorumu. MTA Dergisi, 119, 103-112.
• Erinç, S. 1955. Die morduologischen Entwicklungsstadien der Küçükmenderes Masse. Rewiew Univ. Inst., Geogr. Inst., 2, 93 - 95.
• Fytikas, M., Innocenti, F., Manetti, P., Mazzuoli, R., Peccerillo A. and Villari, L. 1984. Tertiary to Quaternary evolution of volcanism in the Aegean Region. Dixon, J.E., Robertson, A.H.F. (ed). The Geological Evolution of the Mediterranean, vol. 17'de. Geological Society Special Publications, London, 687-699.Görür, N, Gemici, Y., Akgün, F. and Yilmazer, Ç. 1992. Akçaşehir (Tire-İzmir) Neojen havzasinin fosil makro ve mikroflorasi. Doğa Türk Botanik Dergisi, 16, 383-393.
• ,Şengör, A.M.C., Sakinç, M., Tüysüz, O., Akkök, R., Yiğitbaş, E., Oktay, F. Y., Barka, A. A., Sarica, N., Ecevitoğlu, B., Demirbağ, E., Ersoy, Ş., Algan, O., Güneysu, C. and Aykol, A. 1995. Rift formation in the Gökova region, southwest Anatolia: implications for the opening of the Aegean Sea. Geological Magazine, 132, 637-650.
• Güleç, N. 1991. Crust-mantle interaction in western Turkey: implications from Sr and Nd isotope geochemistry of Tertiary and Quaternary vol canics. Geological Magazine, 23, 417- 435.
• Gülen, L. 1990. Isotopic characterization of Aegean magmatism and geodynamic evolution of the Aegean subduction. Savaşçin, M.Y., Eronat, A.H. (ed), International Earth Science Colloquium on the Aegean Region (IESCA), İzmir, Turkey, Proceedings II, 143-166.
• Hamilton, J.W. and Strickland, H.E. 1840. On the geology of the western party of Asia Minor. Trans. Geol.Soc., London, V-VI, Second Series, 1-39.
• Jackson, J.A. and Mckenzie, D.P. 1984. Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan belt between western Turkey and Pakistan. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 77, 185-264.
• and ,1988. The relationship between plate motions and seismic moment tensors and rates of active deformation in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Geophysical Journal, 93, 45-73.
• Kaya, T. 1987. Middle Miocene Anchitherium and Aceratherium found in Tire (İzmir). Ege University Journal of Faculty Science, B,9, 1, 11-16.
• Keller J. 1969. Ritrovamenti di tufi Alcali-Trachitici della Campania nelle Isole Eolie. Atti Acc. Gioenia Sc. Nat. Catania,7, 1, 113-119.
• and Villari, L. 1972. Rhyolitic ignimbrites in the region of Afyon (central Anatolia). Bulletin Volcanologique, 36, 342-358.
• Ketin, İ. 1968. Türkiye'nin genel tektonik durumu ile başlica deprem bölgeleri arasindaki ilişkiler. MTA Enst. Derg., 71, 129 - 134.
• Koçyiğit, A., Yusufoğlu, H. and Bozkurt, E. 1999. Evidence from the Gediz graben for episodic twostage extension in western Turkey. Journal of Geological Society, London, 156, 605-616.
• Le Pichon, X. and Angelier, J.1979. The Aegean arc and trench system: a key to the neotectonic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean area. Tectonophysics, 60, 1-42.
• and Angelier, J.1981. The Agean sea. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society, London, A 300, 357 - 372.
• McKenzie, D.P. 1978. Active tectonics of the Alpine - Himalayan beIt: The Aegean Sea and surrounding regions. Geophysical Journal of Royal Astronomical Society, 55,217-254.
• Nakoman, E. 1971. Kömür. MTA Yayinlari, No:8, Ankara.
• Okay, A. İ. and Satir, M. 2000. Coeval plutonism and metamorphism in a latest Oligocene metamorphic core complex in northwest Turkey. Geological Magazine,137, 495-516.
• Ozansoy, F. 1960. Stratigraphie cenozoique continentale de la region de l'Ege. MTA Bül, 55.
• Pe-Piper, G.G. and Piper, D.J.W. 1989. Spatial and temporal variations in Late Conozoic back-arc volcanic rocks, Aegean Sea region. Tectonophysics, 196, 113-134.
• Phillippson, A. 1910-1915. Reisen und Forschungen im Westlichen Kleinasien. Ergänzungshefte 167, 172, 177, 180, 183 der Petermanns Mitteilungen, Gotha, Jüstus Perthes.
• , 1911. Reisen und forschungen im Westlichen Klcinasien: Petermanns Miu Erganzonpsheft, 172, Gotha.
• 1918. Kleinasien. Handbuch der regionalen geologie, 5, 2.
• Richardson-Bunbury, J.M. 1996. The Kula Volcanic Field, Western Turkey: the development of a Holocene alkali basalt province and the adjacent normal faulting graben. Geological Magazine, 133, 275-283
• Rojay, B., Toprak, V., Demirci, C. and Süzen, L. 2001. Evolution of the Küçük Menderes graben (western Anatolia, Turkey). Fourth International Turkish Geology Symposium, Çukurova University, Adana-Turkey, Abstract Book. 23.
• , , , and , 2005. Plio-Quaternary evolution of the Küçük Menderes Graben Southwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Geodinamica Acta, 18/3-4, 317-331.
• Savaşçin, M.Y. 1990. Magmatic activities of Cenozoic compressional and extensional tectonic regime in western Anatolia. Savaşçin, M.Y. ve Eronat, A.H. (ed), International Earth Science Colloquium on the Aegean Region (IESCA) Proceedings II'da, 420-434.
• and Güleç, N. 1990. Relationship between magmatic and tectonic activities in western Turkey. Savaşçin, M.Y., Eronat, A.H. (ed), International Earth Science Colloquium on the Aegean Region (IESCA), Proceedings II, 300- 313.
• Seyitoğlu, G. and Scott, B.C. 1991. Late Cenozoic crustal extension and basin formation in west Turkey. Geological Magazine, 128, 155-166. and 1992. The age of the Büyük Menderes Graben (west Turkey) and its tectonic implications. Geological Magazine, 129, 239- 242.
• , and Rundle, C. C. 1992. Timing of Cenozoic extensional tectonics in west Turkey. Journal of Geological Society London, 149, 533-538.
• ,Anderson, D., Nowell, G. and Scott, B. 1997. The evolution from the Miocene potassic to Quaternary sodic magmatism in westerm Turkey: implications for enrichment processes in the lithospheric mantle. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Researches, 76, 127-147.
• Sözbilir, H. and Emre, T. 1996. Menderes Masifi'nin neotektonik evriminde oluşan supradetachment havzalar ve rift havzalari. 49. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayi Bildiri Özleri, Ankara, 30-31.
• Sunder, M. 1979. Kirka (Eskişehir) ve çevresinin jeolojisi, petrolojisi ve Sarikaya borat yataklarinin jeokimyasal incelenmesi. Doktora tezi, İstanbul Üniv. Fen Fakültesi, İstanbul.
• Şengör, A.M.C. 1979. The North Anatolian Transform Fault: its age, offset and tectonic significance. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 136, 269-282.
• ,1980. Türkiye'nin Neotektoniğinin esaslari. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Konferans Dizisi, Ankara, 40.
• ,1982. Ege'nin neotektonik evrimini yöneten etkenler. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayi, Bati Anadolu'nun Geç Tektoniği ve Volkanizmasi Paneli, Ankara, 59-71.
• ,1987. Cross - faults and differential stetching of hanging walls in regions of low - angle normal faulting: examples from western Turkey. Coward, M.P., Dewey, J.F. ve Hancock, P. (Ed) Continental extensional tectonics. Geological Society'de, London, Special Publication, 28, 575-589.
• and Dewey, J.F. 1980. Post-Oligocene tectonic evolution of the Aegean and neighbouring regions: relations to the North Anatolian transform fault. İzdar, E., Nakoman, E. (ed), Sixth Colloquium on Geology of the Aegean Region'da, Piri Reis International Contribution Series, Publication, 2, 639-646.
• and Yilmaz, Y. 1981. Tethyan evolution of Turkey: A plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics, 75, 181-241.
• ,Satir, M. and Akkök, R. 1984. Timing of tectonic events in the Menderes Massif, western Turkey: Implications for tectonic evolution and evidence for Pan - African basement in Turkey. Tectonics, 3, 693-707.
• Şengör, A.M.C. Görür, N. and Şaroğlu, E. 1985. Strike slip faulting and related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study. Biddle, K.T. ve Christie - Blick, N.(Ed) Strike slip faulting and basin formation. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists'de, Special Publication, 37, 227-264.
• Tchihatcheff, P.de 1869. Asia Mineure (Description Physique). Quatrieme Partie Géolojie, III, 552 p., Paris.
• United Nations 1974. Mineral exploration in two areas. Technical report 4, DP / DN / TUR - 72 - 004/4, Turkey.
• Yilmaz, Y. 1989. An aproach to the origin of young volcanic rocks of western Turkey. Şengör, A.M.C.
• (ed), Tectonic Evolution of the Tethyan Region'da. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 159-189.
• , 1990. Comparison of young volcanic associa tions of western and eastern Anatolia formed under a compressional regime: a review. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44, 69-87.
• Yilmaz, Y. 1997. Geology of western Anatolia. Active tectonics of northwestern Anatolia, The Marmara Poly-Project, a Multidisciplinary Approach by Space-Geodesy, Geology, Hydrogeology, Geothermics and Seismology, 31-53.
• ,2000. Active tectonics of the Aegean region. Bati Anadolu'nun Depremselliği Sempozyumu, İzmir, Bildiriler,3-14.
• ,Altunkaynak, Ş , Karacik, Z., Gündoğdu, N. and Temel, A. 1994. Development of Neo-Tectonic Related Magmatic Activities in Western Anatolia, International Volcanology Congress, Ankara, Abstracts 13.
• ,Genç, S.C., Gürer, F., Bozcu, M., Yilmaz, K., Karacik, Z., Altunkaynak, Ş. and Elmas, A.
• 2000. When did the western Anatolian grabens begin to develop? Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A., Piper, J.A.D. (ed), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area'da, Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 173, 131-162.
• , , Karacik, Z. and Altunkaynak, Ş . 2001. Two contrasting magmatic associations of NW Anatolia and their tectonic significance. Journal of Geodynamics, 31, 243-271.