Sürdürülebilir Diyet Modellerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 467 - 481, 01.12.2021

Aysun Yüksel , Ecenur Özkul

Abstract

Son yıllarda çevresel sorunlar nedeniyle sürdürülebilir yaşamın gerekliliğine olan farkındalık, artmaktadır.
Sürdürülebilir yaşam modelinin göstergelerinden biri olarak da sürdürülebilir beslenme ve sürdürülebilir besin sistemleri önem kazanmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir beslenme ve besin sistemleri; tüketicilerin besin tercihlerinin yanında besin güvenliğini, besinin transferini ve bulunabilirliğini kapsayan bir kavramdır. Bu kapsamda sürdürülebilir besin sistemi; ekosistem koruyucu, kültürel açıdan kabul edilebilir, erişilebilir, uygun fiyatlı, beslenme açısından yeterli, güvenli ve sağlıklı olmalıdır. Bu yönleriyle sürdürülebilir besin sistemlerinin ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik hedefleri bulunmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkelerde özellikle bitkisel besinlere karşın hayvansal besinlerin ucuzluğu dikkat çekmektedir. Ekonomik olarak daha erişilebilir olan bu ürünlerin tüketiminin artması, çevresel zarar olarak sonuçlanan bir zincir oluşturmaktadır. Sosyal bir hedef olarak, geleneksel beslenme alışkanlıklarına uygun besinlerin toplum tarafından kabul görmesi önemlidir. Besin üretim sisteminin üretimden tüketime tüm aşamalarında, çevreci yaklaşım en büyük çevresel hedeftir. Tüm aşamalarda biyoçeşitlilik, su ve karbon ayak izi, çevre ve insan sağlığı göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Beslenme modelleri tüm bu hedefler açısından değerlendirildiğinde, bitkisel temelli diyetlerin öne çıktığı görülmektedir.
Bu sürdürülebilir diyetler; Akdeniz Diyeti, Nordik Diyeti, Geleneksel Japon Diyeti ve Vejetaryen Diyet olarak
sıralanmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, sürdürülebilir sağlıklı diyet modelleri olarak kabul edilen diyetlerin
sürdürülebilir yaşam ve sağlık etkilerini değerlendirmektir.

Keywords

Akdeniz diyeti, Çevre, Sürdürülebilirlik, Sürdürülebilir diyet, Vejetaryen diyet

Evaluation of Sustainable Diet Models

Abstract

Awareness of the necessity of sustainability has been increasing in recent years due to environmental
problems. Studies have reported that the sustainable life model indicates sustainable nutrition. Sustainable nutrition includes food safety, transport, and availability of food, as well as the food preferences of consumers. Sustainable food system: It should be ecosystem protective, culturally acceptable, accessible, affordable, nutritionally adequate, safe, and healthy. In this respect, sustainable food systems have economic, social, and environmental sustainability goals. The low cost of animal foods attracts attention in developed countries, particularly in the face of herbal foods. Increased use of these more affordable goods starts a chain reaction that damages the environment. Foods suitable for conventional lifestyles must be embraced by society, which is a social objective. In all stages of the food production system, from production to consumption, the environmentalist approach is the most significant environmental goal. At all points, biodiversity, water and carbon footprint, climate, and human health should be considered. When nutritional models are evaluated in all these respects; plant-based diets come to the fore. Sustainable diets that have positive effects on human and environmental health are listed as Mediterranean Diet, Nordic Diet, Traditional Japanese Diet, and Vegetarian Diet. The aim of the review is to evaluate the sustainable life and health effects of diets that are accepted as sustainable healthy diet models.

Keywords

Environment, Mediterranean diet, Sustainability, Sustainable Diets, Vegetarian diet

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