Sarkopenide Diyet Yaklaşımları ve Proteinlerle İlişkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 188 - 201, 30.08.2023

Gökçen Kınay Mehtap Akçil Ok

Abstract

Sarkopeni, olumsuz sağlık sonuçlarıyla ilişkili kas kütlesi ve işlevinin hızlanmış kaybını içeren ilerleyici ve
yaygın bir iskelet kası bozukluğudur. Sarkopeni, yalnızca yaşa bağlı bir sorun olarak değil, aynı zamanda
bir dizi uzun vadeli durumla da ilişkili bir sorun olarak giderek daha fazla tanınmaktadır. Düşük enerji alımı,
yetersiz fiziksel aktivite, kas metabolizmasında meydana gelen değişiklikler, kronik inflamasyon, oksidatif
stres gibi durumlara bağlı ortaya çıkan multifaktöriyel bir durumdur. Avrupa Yaşlı Bireylerde Sarkopeni
Çalışma Grubu-2 (EWGSOP-2) kriterlerine göre kas gücü, kas kütlesi ve fiziksel performans ölçümlerine
dayalı bir tanı yöntemi bulunmaktadır. İlaçla tedavisi olmayıp, direnç egzersizleri ve diyet düzenlemeleri ile
birlikte tedavi edilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Protein alımının sağlıklı bireylerden yüksek olmasının
(1,2-1,5 g/kg/gün) sarkopeni tedavisinde etkili olduğu ancak yüksek protein verirken böbrek fonksiyonlarının
da değerlendirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Bazı spesifik aminositlerin de sarkopeni tedavisinde etkili
olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Lösin protein sentezi için uyarıcı olarak, hidroksi metil bütirat katobolizmayı
önleyici bir ajan olarak kas kaybının önlenmesinde etkin olmaktadır. Arjinin ise kan akışını arttırarak,
oksidatif stres ve inflamasyonu azaltarak ve mTOR hücre sinyal yolağını düzenleyerek kas protein sentezini
uyarmaktadır. Bu derlemede, sarkopenide diyet yaklaşımları ve arjinin, lösin gibi bazı spesifik aminoasitlerin
ve proteinlerin sarkopeni ile ilişkisi ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Sarkopeni, sarkopeni tedavisi, proteinler, aminoasitler

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