A Quick Method to Calculate NaI(Tl) Detector Efficiency Depending on Gamma ray Energy and Source-to-detector Distance
Year 2018,
Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 195 - 199, 30.06.2018
Urkiye Akar Tarım
,
Orhan Gürler
,
Sezai Yalçın
Abstract
This paper examines and presents a simple
computational Monte Carlo algorithm to determine the total, intrinsic and
geometric efficiencies of NaI(Tl) gamma
ray detectors for gamma rays emitted by isotropic radiating (point) sources
with several energies in the range of 150-3000 keV. The code was used to compute
efficiency values for various source-to-detector distances for each studied
gamma ray energy. The comparisons with the data reported in the literature
indicated that the present algorithm is useful in efficiency calculations for
any source-detector and geometry configuration.
References
- 1. Demir, D, Un, A, Sahin, Y, Efficiency Determination for NaI (Tl) Detectors in the 23 keV to 1333 keV Energy Range, Instrumenta-tion Science and Technology, 2008, 36, 291–301.
- 2. Abd-Elzaher, M, Badawi, M.S, El-Khatib, A, Thabet, A.A, Deter-mination of Full Energy Peak Efficiency of NaI(Tl) Detector De-pending on Efficiency Transfer Principle for Conversion Form Experimental Values, World Journal of Nuclear Science and Tech-nology, 2012, 2, 65-72.
- 3. Zerby, C.D, Moran, H.S, Calculation of the pulse-height response of NaI(Tl) scintillation counters, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1961, 14, 115-124.
- 4. Beam, G.B, Wielopolski, L, Gardner, R.P, Verghese, K, Monte Carlo calculation of efficiencies of right-circular cylindrical NaI de-tectors for arbitrarily located point sources, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1978, 154, 501-508.
- 5. Jehouani, A, Ichaoui, R, Boulkheir, M, Study of the NaI(Tl) effici-ency by Monte Carlo method, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2000, 53, 887-891.
- 6. Mitra, M.S, Sarkar, P.K, Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the background spectrum in a shielded NaI(Tl) g-spectrometric system, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2005, 63, 415–422.
- 7. Ayaz-Maierhafer, B, DeVol, T.A, Determination of absolute detec-tion efficiencies for detectors of interest in homeland security, Nuc-lear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2007, 579, 410–413.
- 8. Anil Kumar, G, Mazumdar, I, Gothe, D.A, Efficiency calibration and coincidence summing correction for large arrays of NaI(Tl)detectors in soccer-ball and castle geometries, Nuclear Inst-ruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2009, 611, 76–83.
- 9. Casanovas, R, Morant J.J, Salvado, M, Energy and resolution calib-ration of NaI(Tl) and LaBr3(Ce) scintillators and validation of an EGS5 Monte Carlo user code for efficiency calculations, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2012, 675, 78–83.
- 10. Salgado, C.M, Brandao, L.E.B, Schirru, R, Pereira, C.M.N.A, Conti, C.C, Validation of a NaI(Tl) detector’s model developed with MCNP-X code, Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2012, 59, 19-25.
- 11. Yalcin, S, Gurler, O, Kaynak, G, Gundogdu, O, Calculation of total counting efficiency of a NaI(Tl) detector by hybrid Monte-Carlo method for point and disk sources, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2007, 65, 1179–1186.
- 12. Berger, M.J, Hubbell, J.H, 1999. XCOM Version 3.1. NIST Stan-dard Reference Data Base.
- 13. Vegors Jr, S.H, Marsden, L.L, Heath, R.L, Calculated efficiencies of cylindrical radiation detectors. AEC Research and Development Report, 1958, IDO-16370.
- 14. Miller, W.F, Snow, W.J, NaI and CsI efficiencies and photofracti-ons for gamma-ray detection, Nucleonics, 1961, 19, 174.
- 15. Nakamura, T, Monte Carlo calculation of efficiencies and response functions of NaI(Tl) crystals for thick disk gamma-ray sources and its application to Ge(Li) detectors, Nuclear Instruments and Met-hods, 1972, 105, 77-89.
- 16. Rehman, S.U, Mirza, S.M, Mirza, N.M, A fast, primary-interaction Monte Carlo Methodology for determination of total efficiency of cylindrical scintillation gamma-ray detectors, Nuclear Technology and Radi ation Protection, 2009, 3, 195-203.
17. Heath, R.L, Scintillation spectrometry, 1964, Vol. 1, IDO-16880-1.
- 18. Cesana, A, Terrani, M, Gamma-ray activity determination in large volume samples with Ge-Li Detector, Analytical Chemistry, 1977, 49, 1156-1159.
- 19. Belluscio, M, De Leo, R, Pantaleo, A, Vox, A, Efficiencies and response functions of NaI(Tl) crystals for gamma rays from thick disk sources, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1974, 118, 553-563.
Year 2018,
Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 195 - 199, 30.06.2018
Urkiye Akar Tarım
,
Orhan Gürler
,
Sezai Yalçın
References
- 1. Demir, D, Un, A, Sahin, Y, Efficiency Determination for NaI (Tl) Detectors in the 23 keV to 1333 keV Energy Range, Instrumenta-tion Science and Technology, 2008, 36, 291–301.
- 2. Abd-Elzaher, M, Badawi, M.S, El-Khatib, A, Thabet, A.A, Deter-mination of Full Energy Peak Efficiency of NaI(Tl) Detector De-pending on Efficiency Transfer Principle for Conversion Form Experimental Values, World Journal of Nuclear Science and Tech-nology, 2012, 2, 65-72.
- 3. Zerby, C.D, Moran, H.S, Calculation of the pulse-height response of NaI(Tl) scintillation counters, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1961, 14, 115-124.
- 4. Beam, G.B, Wielopolski, L, Gardner, R.P, Verghese, K, Monte Carlo calculation of efficiencies of right-circular cylindrical NaI de-tectors for arbitrarily located point sources, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1978, 154, 501-508.
- 5. Jehouani, A, Ichaoui, R, Boulkheir, M, Study of the NaI(Tl) effici-ency by Monte Carlo method, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2000, 53, 887-891.
- 6. Mitra, M.S, Sarkar, P.K, Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the background spectrum in a shielded NaI(Tl) g-spectrometric system, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2005, 63, 415–422.
- 7. Ayaz-Maierhafer, B, DeVol, T.A, Determination of absolute detec-tion efficiencies for detectors of interest in homeland security, Nuc-lear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2007, 579, 410–413.
- 8. Anil Kumar, G, Mazumdar, I, Gothe, D.A, Efficiency calibration and coincidence summing correction for large arrays of NaI(Tl)detectors in soccer-ball and castle geometries, Nuclear Inst-ruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2009, 611, 76–83.
- 9. Casanovas, R, Morant J.J, Salvado, M, Energy and resolution calib-ration of NaI(Tl) and LaBr3(Ce) scintillators and validation of an EGS5 Monte Carlo user code for efficiency calculations, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2012, 675, 78–83.
- 10. Salgado, C.M, Brandao, L.E.B, Schirru, R, Pereira, C.M.N.A, Conti, C.C, Validation of a NaI(Tl) detector’s model developed with MCNP-X code, Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2012, 59, 19-25.
- 11. Yalcin, S, Gurler, O, Kaynak, G, Gundogdu, O, Calculation of total counting efficiency of a NaI(Tl) detector by hybrid Monte-Carlo method for point and disk sources, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2007, 65, 1179–1186.
- 12. Berger, M.J, Hubbell, J.H, 1999. XCOM Version 3.1. NIST Stan-dard Reference Data Base.
- 13. Vegors Jr, S.H, Marsden, L.L, Heath, R.L, Calculated efficiencies of cylindrical radiation detectors. AEC Research and Development Report, 1958, IDO-16370.
- 14. Miller, W.F, Snow, W.J, NaI and CsI efficiencies and photofracti-ons for gamma-ray detection, Nucleonics, 1961, 19, 174.
- 15. Nakamura, T, Monte Carlo calculation of efficiencies and response functions of NaI(Tl) crystals for thick disk gamma-ray sources and its application to Ge(Li) detectors, Nuclear Instruments and Met-hods, 1972, 105, 77-89.
- 16. Rehman, S.U, Mirza, S.M, Mirza, N.M, A fast, primary-interaction Monte Carlo Methodology for determination of total efficiency of cylindrical scintillation gamma-ray detectors, Nuclear Technology and Radi ation Protection, 2009, 3, 195-203.
17. Heath, R.L, Scintillation spectrometry, 1964, Vol. 1, IDO-16880-1.
- 18. Cesana, A, Terrani, M, Gamma-ray activity determination in large volume samples with Ge-Li Detector, Analytical Chemistry, 1977, 49, 1156-1159.
- 19. Belluscio, M, De Leo, R, Pantaleo, A, Vox, A, Efficiencies and response functions of NaI(Tl) crystals for gamma rays from thick disk sources, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1974, 118, 553-563.