Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21

Çinel Köksal Karayıldırım; Adem Güner; Gürkan Yiğittürk; Altuğ Yavaşoğlu; Ülkü Karabay

doi:10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203

Research Article

Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21

Year 2022, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 95 - 105, 25.03.2022

Çinel Köksal Karayıldırım , Adem Güner , Gürkan Yiğittürk , Altuğ Yavaşoğlu , Ülkü Karabay

https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203

Abstract

The use of nutritional supplements has grown conspicuously over the last decades. The present study aimed to design, develop, and optimize the toxicological and biological procedures to perform the quantitative determination of botanical dietary supplement KL21. The concentrations of phenolics in KL21 were 11.90 and 258.58 mg for ethanol, 3.58 and 86.42 mg for methanol extract, respectively. Carvacrol is a major component of the extracts according to GC-MS analysis. DPPH activity of methanol extract was higher than that of the ethanol extract. Both extracts showed similar relative antioxidant activity according to ABTS+ assay. Only methanol extract exhibited antimicrobial activity. KL21 ethanol extract exhibited inhibitory activity with 50 % growth inhibitory concentration of 92.09, 95.47 and 44 μg/mL on MCF-7, HeLa and HEK-293 cells respectively. KL21 demonstrated no mutagenic activity with the Salmonella strains. The in vivo toxicity test results indicated that KL21 had no significant adverse effects. Dose-depended KL21 treatment seemed nontoxic due to biochemical, hematological values. No histological damage in the liver was observed in the tissues. These results suggested that KL21 polyherbal formulation is a naturel source of antioxidant with antimicrobial activities and has therapeutic potential in a safe range.

Keywords

Antioxidant activity, Biochemical and hematological analyses, Dietary supplement, Phenolic and flavonoid contents, Toxicity

Supporting Institution

Ege University, Faculty of Science

Project Number

2012/FEN/067

References

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3. Arsul, A.V., Ganjiwale RO, Yeole PG. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Standardisation of Polyherbal Tablets for Hepatoprotective Activity Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 2010, 2(4), pp. 265-268.
4. Oh, J.S., Cho, H.J., Son, G.C., Systematic review of the incidence of herbal drug-induced liver injury in Korea, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015, 15, 159, pp. 253-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.027
5. Kleinwächter, M., Paulsen, J., Bloem, E., Schnug, E., Dirk, Selmar., Moderate drought and signal transducer induced biosynthesis of relevant secondary metabolites in thyme (Thymus vulgaris) greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Industrial Crops and Products, 2015, 64, pp. 158-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.062
6. Meda, A., Lamien, C.E., Romito, M., Millogo, J., Nacoulma, O.G., Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and praline contents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their radical scavenging activity, Food Chemistry, 2005, Vol. 91, 3, pp. 571-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.10.006
7. Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M., Chern, J.C., Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 2002, Vol.10, no.3, pp. 178-182.
8. Mosmann, T., Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays, J. Immunol. Methods, 1983, 65(1-2), pp. 55-63. http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
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10. Zimmermann, M., Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals, Pain, 1983, 16 (2), pp. 109-110 http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(83)90201-4
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12. OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals No: 407. Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents, 1995, pp. 1-13.
13. Skalli, S. and Bencheikh, S.R., Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines in Africa: Questionnaire study, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015, 171, pp. 99-108 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.033
14. Yang, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, S., Ye, X., Li, X., He, K., Synergy effects of herb extracts: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic basis, Fitoterapia, 2014, 92, 133-147 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.10.010
15. Govindaraghavan, S. and Sucher, J.N., Quality assessment of medicinal herbs and their extracts: Criteria and prerequisites for consistent safety and efficacy of herbal medicines, Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports, 2015, 52, pp. http://doi.org/363-371. 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.03.004.
16. Ince, I., Kayalar, H., Elgin, G., Koksal, C., Yavasoglu, N.U., Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and acute toxicity of the polyherbal formulation: Romix®, Pharmaceutical Biology, 2012, 50(6), pp. 720-726 http://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2011.622287
17. Wang, S., Zheng, Z., Weng, Y., Yu Y., Zhang, D., Fan W., Dai R., Hu Z., Angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis activity of Chinese medicinal herbal extracts, Life Sciences, 2004, 74(20), pp. 2467-2478 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.03.005
18. Gahlaut, A., Chhillar, K.A., Evalution of antibacterial potential of plant exracts using resazurin based microtiter dilution assay. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, Vol.5(2), 376.
19. Awodele, O., Akindele, A.J., Aniete, J., Adeyemi, O.O., Preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of DAS-77®- A polyherbal medicine, Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2013, 3 pp. 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2013.01.002
20. Kelber, O., Wegener, T., Steinhoff, B., Staiger C., Wiesner J., Knöss W., Kraft K., Assessment of genotoxicity of herbal medicinal products: Application of the “bracketing and matrixing” concept using the example of Valerianae radix (valerian root), Phytomedicine, 2014, 21(8-9), pp. 1124–1129 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.003
21. Li, D., Zang, R., Yang, T.S., Wanga, J., Wang, X., Cell-based high-throughput proliferation and cytotoxicity assays for screening traditional Chinese herbal medicines, Process Biochemistry, 2013, 48, pp. 517-524 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2013.02.005
22. Shin, W.J., Park, J.H., Kwon, M., Son, G.C., Scientific evaluation of the chronic toxicity of the herbal medicine CGX in beagle dogs. Daejeon: Elsevier, 2010,48(2), pp. 743-749 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.008
23. Shin, S.I., Seo, S.C., Ha, K.H., Lee, Y.M., Huang, S.D., Huh I.J., Shin K.H., Genotoxicity assessment of Pyungwi-san (PWS), a traditional herbal prescription, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012, Vol. 133(2), pp. 696-703 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.050
24. Ha, H., Lee, K.J., Lee, H.Y., Seo S.C., Kim, H.J., Lee, Y.M., Koh, S.W., Shin, K.H., Evaluation of safety of the herbal formula Ojeok-san: Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010, 131(2), pp. 410-416 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.011
25. Mu, H.L., Huanga, X.Z., Liua, P., Hua, Y., Gao, Y., Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessment of the herbal formula Kai-Xin-San, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011, 138(2), pp. 138-357 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.033
26. Wills, J.P. and Asha, V.V., Acute and subacute toxicity studies of Lygodium flexuosum extracts in rats, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012, Vol.2(1), pp. 200-202 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60159-2
27. Kim, J.Y.E., Chen, Y., Huang, J.Q., Li, M.K., Naumovski, R.V., Poon J., Chan K., Roufogalis, D.B., McLachlan, A., Mo, L.S., Yang, D., Yao, M., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Li, Q.G., Evidence-based toxicity evaluation and scheduling of Chinese herbal medicines, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013, 146(1), pp. 40-61 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.027

Year 2022, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 95 - 105, 25.03.2022

Çinel Köksal Karayıldırım , Adem Güner , Gürkan Yiğittürk , Altuğ Yavaşoğlu , Ülkü Karabay

https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203

Abstract

Project Number

2012/FEN/067

References

1. Bae, W.J., Kim, D.H., Lee, W.W., Kim, Y.H., Son, C.G., Characterizing the human equivalent dose of herbal medicines in animal toxicity studies, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015, vol. 162, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.023
2. Bansal, A., Chhabra, A., Rawal, K.R., Sharma, S., Chemometrics: A new scenario in herbal drug standardization, Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2014, Vol. 4, pp. 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2013.12.001.
3. Arsul, A.V., Ganjiwale RO, Yeole PG. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Standardisation of Polyherbal Tablets for Hepatoprotective Activity Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 2010, 2(4), pp. 265-268.
4. Oh, J.S., Cho, H.J., Son, G.C., Systematic review of the incidence of herbal drug-induced liver injury in Korea, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015, 15, 159, pp. 253-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.027
5. Kleinwächter, M., Paulsen, J., Bloem, E., Schnug, E., Dirk, Selmar., Moderate drought and signal transducer induced biosynthesis of relevant secondary metabolites in thyme (Thymus vulgaris) greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Industrial Crops and Products, 2015, 64, pp. 158-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.062
6. Meda, A., Lamien, C.E., Romito, M., Millogo, J., Nacoulma, O.G., Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and praline contents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their radical scavenging activity, Food Chemistry, 2005, Vol. 91, 3, pp. 571-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.10.006
7. Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M., Chern, J.C., Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 2002, Vol.10, no.3, pp. 178-182.
8. Mosmann, T., Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays, J. Immunol. Methods, 1983, 65(1-2), pp. 55-63. http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
9. OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals No: 471. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test, 1997, pp.1-11.
10. Zimmermann, M., Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals, Pain, 1983, 16 (2), pp. 109-110 http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(83)90201-4
11. OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals No: 425. Acute Oral Toxicity – Up-and-Down-Procedure (UDP), 2008, pp. 1-27.
12. OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals No: 407. Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents, 1995, pp. 1-13.
13. Skalli, S. and Bencheikh, S.R., Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines in Africa: Questionnaire study, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015, 171, pp. 99-108 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.033
14. Yang, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, S., Ye, X., Li, X., He, K., Synergy effects of herb extracts: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic basis, Fitoterapia, 2014, 92, 133-147 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.10.010
15. Govindaraghavan, S. and Sucher, J.N., Quality assessment of medicinal herbs and their extracts: Criteria and prerequisites for consistent safety and efficacy of herbal medicines, Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports, 2015, 52, pp. http://doi.org/363-371. 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.03.004.
16. Ince, I., Kayalar, H., Elgin, G., Koksal, C., Yavasoglu, N.U., Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and acute toxicity of the polyherbal formulation: Romix®, Pharmaceutical Biology, 2012, 50(6), pp. 720-726 http://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2011.622287
17. Wang, S., Zheng, Z., Weng, Y., Yu Y., Zhang, D., Fan W., Dai R., Hu Z., Angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis activity of Chinese medicinal herbal extracts, Life Sciences, 2004, 74(20), pp. 2467-2478 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.03.005
18. Gahlaut, A., Chhillar, K.A., Evalution of antibacterial potential of plant exracts using resazurin based microtiter dilution assay. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, Vol.5(2), 376.
19. Awodele, O., Akindele, A.J., Aniete, J., Adeyemi, O.O., Preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of DAS-77®- A polyherbal medicine, Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2013, 3 pp. 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2013.01.002
20. Kelber, O., Wegener, T., Steinhoff, B., Staiger C., Wiesner J., Knöss W., Kraft K., Assessment of genotoxicity of herbal medicinal products: Application of the “bracketing and matrixing” concept using the example of Valerianae radix (valerian root), Phytomedicine, 2014, 21(8-9), pp. 1124–1129 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.003
21. Li, D., Zang, R., Yang, T.S., Wanga, J., Wang, X., Cell-based high-throughput proliferation and cytotoxicity assays for screening traditional Chinese herbal medicines, Process Biochemistry, 2013, 48, pp. 517-524 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2013.02.005
22. Shin, W.J., Park, J.H., Kwon, M., Son, G.C., Scientific evaluation of the chronic toxicity of the herbal medicine CGX in beagle dogs. Daejeon: Elsevier, 2010,48(2), pp. 743-749 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.008
23. Shin, S.I., Seo, S.C., Ha, K.H., Lee, Y.M., Huang, S.D., Huh I.J., Shin K.H., Genotoxicity assessment of Pyungwi-san (PWS), a traditional herbal prescription, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012, Vol. 133(2), pp. 696-703 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.050
24. Ha, H., Lee, K.J., Lee, H.Y., Seo S.C., Kim, H.J., Lee, Y.M., Koh, S.W., Shin, K.H., Evaluation of safety of the herbal formula Ojeok-san: Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010, 131(2), pp. 410-416 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.011
25. Mu, H.L., Huanga, X.Z., Liua, P., Hua, Y., Gao, Y., Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessment of the herbal formula Kai-Xin-San, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011, 138(2), pp. 138-357 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.033
26. Wills, J.P. and Asha, V.V., Acute and subacute toxicity studies of Lygodium flexuosum extracts in rats, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012, Vol.2(1), pp. 200-202 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60159-2
27. Kim, J.Y.E., Chen, Y., Huang, J.Q., Li, M.K., Naumovski, R.V., Poon J., Chan K., Roufogalis, D.B., McLachlan, A., Mo, L.S., Yang, D., Yao, M., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Li, Q.G., Evidence-based toxicity evaluation and scheduling of Chinese herbal medicines, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013, 146(1), pp. 40-61 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.027

There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Engineering
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Çinel Köksal Karayıldırım 0000-0002-8431-1230 Adem Güner 0000-0003-3295-3538 Gürkan Yiğittürk 0000-0002-5315-253X Altuğ Yavaşoğlu 0000-0003-4227-1637 Ülkü Karabay 0000-0002-7483-0184
Project Number	2012/FEN/067
Publication Date	March 25, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Köksal Karayıldırım, Ç., Güner, A., Yiğittürk, G., Yavaşoğlu, A., et al. (2022). Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science, 18(1), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203
AMA	Köksal Karayıldırım Ç, Güner A, Yiğittürk G, Yavaşoğlu A, Karabay Ü. Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21. CBUJOS. March 2022;18(1):95-105. doi:10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203
Chicago	Köksal Karayıldırım, Çinel, Adem Güner, Gürkan Yiğittürk, Altuğ Yavaşoğlu, and Ülkü Karabay. “Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21”. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science 18, no. 1 (March 2022): 95-105. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203.
EndNote	Köksal Karayıldırım Ç, Güner A, Yiğittürk G, Yavaşoğlu A, Karabay Ü (March 1, 2022) Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science 18 1 95–105.
IEEE	Ç. Köksal Karayıldırım, A. Güner, G. Yiğittürk, A. Yavaşoğlu, and Ü. Karabay, “Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21”, CBUJOS, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 95–105, 2022, doi: 10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203.
ISNAD	Köksal Karayıldırım, Çinel et al. “Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21”. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science 18/1 (March 2022), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203.
JAMA	Köksal Karayıldırım Ç, Güner A, Yiğittürk G, Yavaşoğlu A, Karabay Ü. Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21. CBUJOS. 2022;18:95–105.
MLA	Köksal Karayıldırım, Çinel et al. “Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21”. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science, vol. 18, no. 1, 2022, pp. 95-105, doi:10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203.
Vancouver	Köksal Karayıldırım Ç, Güner A, Yiğittürk G, Yavaşoğlu A, Karabay Ü. Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21. CBUJOS. 2022;18(1):95-105.

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