A Comprehensive Examination of Social Exclusion

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 293 - 315, 27.12.2019

Çağlar Solak , Mert Teközel

https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.585260

Cited By: 3

Abstract

As a social species, people are born into groups and
maintain to live as members of groups. Therefore, inclusion in groups is a
basic need in all human cultures (Baumeister and Leary, 1995). On the other
hand, rejection by others is a common experience in social life. Social
exclusion, eliciting the sense of being ignored, feeling invisible and
rejected, leads to a series of behavioral, emotional, cognitive and
physiological effects on humans. In this article, it is aimed to present a
comprehensive examination of the social exclusion phenomenon based on research
from social psychology. Firstly, in addition to the earliest studies in the
field, contemporary literature has been taken into consideration and the
phenomenon of exclusion has been conceptually and historically discussed. Then,
the common methods which were used to give participants an experience of
exclusion in the laboratory conditions are mentioned. Finally, the effects of
social exclusion on individuals and theoretical approaches that try to explain social
exclusion were discussed.

Keywords

Rejection, Social Exclusion, Need to Belong, Interpersonal Relations

Sosyal Dışlanma Olgusu Üzerine Genel Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Sosyal bir tür olan insan, gruplar içerisine doğmakta ve
belli grupların üyesi olarak yaşamını sürdürmektedir. Bu nedenle sosyal
ilişkilere kabul edilmek ve gruplarda yer almak, tüm kültürlerde gözlemlenen
temel bir motivasyon ve ihtiyaçtır (Baumeister ve Leary, 1995). Öte yandan,
diğerleri tarafından kabul görmemek ve ait olma ihtiyacının karşılanmaması
sosyal yaşamda sıklıkla karşımıza çıkan bir durumdur. Görmezden gelinme, yok
sayılma, reddedilme kavramlarını içinde barındıran “sosyal dışlanma” bireylerin
üzerinde bir dizi davranışsal, duygusal, bilişsel ve fizyolojik etkiye yol
açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, dışlanma olgusunu sosyal psikolojik açıdan ele alan
araştırmalardan yola çıkılarak konuya dair kapsamlı bir inceleme sunmak
amaçlanmıştır. Alandaki öncü çalışmalara ek olarak güncel literatür de göz
önünde bulundurulmuş ve öncelikle dışlanma olgusu kavramsal ve tarihsel olarak
ele alınmış, ardından deneysel çalışmalarda katılımcılara dışlanma deneyimi
yaşatmak için kullanılan belli başlı yöntemlerden bahsedilmiş ve sosyal
dışlanmanın bireyler üzerinde yarattığı etkiler ele alınmıştır. Son olarak dışlanma
olgusunu açıklamaya çalışan teorik yaklaşımlardan söz edilmiştir.

Keywords

Sosyal dışlanma, reddedilme, ait olma ihtiyacı, kişiler arası ilişkiler

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