Evolutional Analysis of the Concept of Hegemony within the Perspective of International Political Economy Theories

Year 2022, Volume: 20 Issue: 4, 269 - 286, 28.12.2022

Betül Sarı Aksakal

https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.1114306

Abstract

Over the past few decades, the international political economy has attained itself particular independence within the wider discipline of international relations step by step. The endeavors to figure out the determiners of the radical changes taking place in the world economy since the early 1970s have placed several special theoretical concepts in the focus of interest which directly associates with the international political economy. The concept of hegemony is one of them. Today, hegemony is one of the most discussed subject matters. Antonio Gramsci was an Italian Marxist intellectual, theoretician and politician who developed the concept of hegemony in the Prison Notebooks. Gramsci's writings made incontrovertible contributions to the understanding of hegemony within the context of Marxist thought and philosophy. However, in the historical process, lots of views and theories have been put forward regarding the concept of hegemony. Thus, the application of the concept in international political economy is widely contested and necessitates disambiguation. From this point of view, we have tried to analyze how the concept was handled by theorists belonging to different schools of thought in the international political economy literature. In all these respects, this article takes its point of departure in the multiplicity of characterizations of the concept of hegemony and fastens on elucidating a certain strand of conceptualising hegemony more closely.

Keywords

Hegemony, International Political Economy, Antonio Gramsci, Realism

Uluslararası Politik Ekonomi Teorileri Perspektifinden Hegemonya Kavramının Evrimi

Abstract

Uluslararası politik ekonomi, son birkaç on yıldır uluslararası ilişkilerin bir alt dalı olmaktan koparak ayrı bir disiplin olma yolunda ilerlemiştir. 1970'li yılların başlarından itibaren dünya ekonomisinde meydana gelen radikal değişimlerin belirleyicilerini saptamaya yönelik çabalar, uluslararası politik ekonomiyle doğrudan bağlantısı olan birçok özel teorik kavramı ilgi odağı haline getirmiştir. Hegemonya, bu kavramlardan biridir. Hegemonya, günümüzde de en çok tartışılan konuların başında gelmektedir. Antonio Gramsci-İtalyan Marksist entelektüel, teorisyen ve politikacı- Hapishane Defterleri adlı eserinde hegemonya kavramını geliştirmiştir. Gramsci'nin kaleme aldığı yazılar, hegemonya anlayışına Marksist düşünce ve felsefe bağlamında yadsınamayacak katkılar sunmuştur.Ancak tarihsel süreç içerisinde hegemonya kavramına ilişkin birçok görüş ve teori ortaya atılmıştır. Bu nedenle, kavramın uluslararası politik ekonomiye uyarlanması geniş çapta tartışmalıdır ve konuyla ilgili belirsizliğin giderilmesini gerektirir. Buradan hareketle, kavramın uluslararası politik ekonomi literatüründe farklı düşünce ekollerine mensup teorisyenler tarafından nasıl ele alındığı incelenmiştir. Tüm bu bağlamlarda, makale hareket noktasını hegemonya kavramının farklı tanımlamalarından almıştır. Kavrama ilişkin yapılan farklı tanımlamaların belirli bir kolunu aydınlatmayı hedeflemiştir.

Keywords

Hegemonya, Uluslararası Politik Ekonomi, Antonio Gramsci, Realizm

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