COVID-19’lu Hastalar İçin Mezenkimal Kök Hücre Tedavisi

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 162 - 168, 31.12.2020

Özlem Delibaş

https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.776367

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Yeni koronavirüs (SARS-CoV-2) enfeksiyonunun neden olduğu COVID-19, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından uluslararası bir halk sağlığı acil durumu olarak belirtilmiştir ve felaket derecesi küresel "pandemi" olarak tanımlanmıştır. COVID-19 tipik olarak ateş ve solunum semptomları ile ilişkilidir. Genellikle ciddi solunum sıkıntısı ve yüksek mortalite oranı taşıyan çoklu organ yetmezliği gelişir. inflamasyon, pulmoner ödem ve aşırı reaktif bir immun tepki hipoksiye, Acute respiratory distress sendromu (ARDS) ve akciğer hasarına yol açabilir. Mezenkimal kök hücreler (MKH'ler) güçlü ve geniş kapsamlı immünomodülatör aktivitelere sahiptir. Çalışmalar, MKH'nin akciğer hasarını önleme, iltihabı azaltma, immun tepkileri azaltma ve alveolar sıvı temizlenmesine yardımcı olduğunu gösterdi. Ayrıca, MKH'ler antimikrobiyal ve ağrıyı azaltan moleküller üretir. İntravenöz yoldan uygulandığında, hücreler doğrudan çoğunlukla sekestrasyon olan akciğerlere gider, bu da akciğer hastalığının tedavisi için büyük bir fayda sağlar. Bu derlemede, MKH kullanarak, hastanın COVID-19'a karşı immünolojik yanıtlarını iyileştirmek için bu yeni yaklaşımı dikkate aldık ve önerilen bu tedavinin yönlerini tartıştık. Şu anda COVID-19 hastalarının tedavisi için onaylanmış MKH temelli yaklaşımlar yoktur, fakat klinik çalışmalar devam etmektedir.

Keywords

COVID-19, koronavirüs, SARS-CoV-2, Mezenkimal kök hücreler

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment for Patients with COVID-19

Abstract

The COVID-19, caused by the new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection that emerged in Wuhan, China in late 2019, has been registered as a public health emergency of international by the World Health Organization (WHO), and its harm degree is defined as a global “pandemic”. COVID-19 is typically associated with fever and respiratory symptoms. It usually develops severe respiratory distress and multi-organ failure which carry a high mortality rate. Inflammation, pulmonary edema and an over-reactive immune response can give rise to hypoxia, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and lung damage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess activities potent and extensive immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory. Studies have demonstrated the MSC’s impressive capacity to inhibit lung damage, reduce inflammation, dampen immune responses and aid with alveolar fluid clearance. MSCs have antiviral properties and have been used in the treatment of various viral infections in the last years. Systemic damage caused by cytokine storm that occurs due to the overreaction of the immune system in patients with COVID-19 has been shown to be very important. Therefore, it was thought that MSCs could suppress overactivated immune systems of patients with COVID-19 and be effective in the treatment of the disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with strong immunomodulatory properties have been used for treatment and positive results have been obtained. In this rewiev, we considered this new approach to improve patient’s immunological responses to COVID-19 using MSCs and discussed the aspects of this proposed treatment.

Keywords

COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, mesenchymal stem cells

References

• 1. Shi, Y, Su, J, ve ark., How mesenchymal stem cells interact with tissue immune responses, Trends in immunology, 2012, 33(3),136-43.
• 2. Harrell, C.R, Sadikot, R, ve ark., Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy of Inflammatory Lung Diseases: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives, Stem cells international, 2019, 4236973.
• 3. Krasnodembskaya, A, Song, Y, ve ark., Antibacterial effect of human mesenchymal stem cells is mediated in part from secretion of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio),2010, 28(12), 2229–2238.
• 4. Khatri, M, Richardson, L.A, ve ark., Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in a pig model, Stem cell research & therapy, 2018, 9(1), 17.
• 5. Hosseini, M, Yousefifard, M, ve ark., The Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation on Allodynia and Hyperalgesia in Neuropathic Animals: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis, Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 2015, 21(9), 1537–1544.
• 6. Rothan, H.A, Byrareddy, S.N., The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of autoimmunity, 2020, 109, 102433.
• 7. Hoffmann, M, Kleine-Weber, H, ve ark., SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor, Cell, 2020, 181(2), 271-280.e8.
• 8. Hamming, I, Timens, W, ve ark., Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis, The Journal of pathology, 2004, 203(2), 631-637.
• 9. Metcalfe, S.M, Mesenchymal stem cells and management of COVID-19 pneumonia, Medicine in drug discovery, 2020, 5, 100019.
• 10. Prompetchara, E, Ketloy, C, ve ark., Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic, Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology, 2020, 38(1), 1-9.
• 11. Huang, C, Wang, Y ve ark., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, Lancet, 2020, 395(10223), 497-506.
• 12. Rogers, C. J, Harman, R. J, ve ark., Rationale for the clinical use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 patients, Journal of translational medicine, 2020, 18(1), 203.
• 13. Golchin, A, Seyedjafari, E, ve ark., Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for COVID-19: Present or Future. Stem cell reviews and reports, 2020, 16(3), 427–433.
• 14. Liu, C, Yang, Y, ve ark., Viral architecture of SARS-CoV-2 with post-fusion spike revealed by Cryo-EM, bioRxiv, 2020.
• 15. Caly, L, Druce, J, ve ark., Isolation and rapid sharing of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from the first patient diagnosed with COVID-19 in Australia, The Medical journal of Australia, 2020, 212(10), 459-462.
• 16. Kakodkar, P, Kaka, N, ve ark., A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Clinical Presentation, and Management of the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Cureus, 2020,12(4), e7560.
• 17. Zhou, P, Yang, X.L, ve ark., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 2020, 579(7798), 270-273.
• 18. Lu, R, Zhao, X, ve ark., Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding, Lancet (London, England), 2020, 395(10224), 565-574.
• 19. Deng, X, Baker, S.C, Coronaviruses: Molecular Biology. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, 2014, B978-0-12-801238-3.02550-2.
• 20. Hoffmann, M, Kleine-Weber, H, ve ark., SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor, Cell, 2020, 181(2), 271-280.e8.
• 21. Walls, A.C, Park, Y.J, ve ark., Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein, Cell, 2020, 181(2), 281–292.e6.
• 22. Wang, Q, Zhang, Y, ve ark., Structural and Functional Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Using Human ACE2, Cell, 2020, 181(4), 894–904.e9.
• 23. Wang, K, Chen, W, ve ark., SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein, BioRxiv, 2020.
• 24. Knoops, K, Kikkert, M, ve ark., SARS-coronavirus replication is supported by a reticulovesicular network of modified endoplasmic reticulum, PLoS biology, 2008, 6(9), e226. 25. Fehr, A.R, Perlman, S, Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis, Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2015, 1282,1-23.
• 26. Wang, X, Xu, W, ve ark., SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. Cellular & molecular immunology, 2020, 1-3.
• 27. Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, A, Gödel, P, ve ark., Cytokine release syndrome, Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2018, 6(1), 56.
• 28. Thevarajan, I, Nguyen, T, ve ark., Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19, Nature medicine, 2020, 26(4), 453-455.
• 29. Cao, X, COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy, Nature reviews. Immunology, 2020, 20(5), 269-270.
• 30. Schett, G, Sticherling, M, ve ark., COVID-19: risk for cytokine targeting in chronic inflammatory diseases?, Nature reviews. Immunology, 2020, 20(5), 271–272.
• 31. Huang, F, Li, Y, ve ark., A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19), Pharmacological research, 2020, 158, 104929.
• 32. Metcalfe S.M, Mesenchymal stem cells and management of COVID-19 pneumonia, Medicine in drug discovery, 2020, 5, 100019.
• 33. Golchin, A, Farahany, T.Z, Biological Products: Cellular Therapy and FDA Approved Products. Stem cell reviews and reports, 2019, 15(2), 166-175.
• 34. Golchin, A, Farahany, T.Z, ve ark., The Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Skin Diseases: An Update and Concise Review, Current stem cell research & therapy, 2019, 14(1), 22-33.
• 35. Mehta, P, McAuley, D.F, ve ark., COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression, Lancet (London, England), 2020, 395(10229), 1033-1034.
• 36. Leng, Z, Zhu, R, ve ark.,Transplantation of ACE2- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia, Aging and disease, 2020, 11(2), 216-228.
• 37. Liang, B, Chen, J, ve ark., Clinical remission of a critically ill COVID-19 patient treated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, ChinaXiv, 2020.
• 38. Zhang, Y, Ding, J, ve ark., Intravenous infusion of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a potential treatment for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, Stem cell research & therapy, 2020, 11(1), 207.
• 39. Leng, Z, Zhu, R, ve ark., Transplantation of ACE2- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Aging and disease, 2020, 11(2), 216–228.
• 40. Pluristem, Pluristem Reports Preliminary Data from its COVID-19 Compassionate Use Program, Treating Seven Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure, Clinical study results. https://www.pluristem.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/PSTI-PR-Follow-up-on-Covid-19-treatments-FINAL-FOR-RELEASE.pdf, 2020 (Accessed 7 Apr 2020).
• 41. Sami, T, Mesoblast reports 83% survival in ventilator-dependent COVID-19 patients following stem cell therapy, Preliminary clinical trial results. https://www.bioworld.com/articles/434640-mesoblast-reports-83-survival-in-ventilator-dependent-covid-19-patients-following-stem-cell-therapy, BioWorld, 2020 (Accessed 24 Apr 2020).