THE CILICIAN GOVERNORSHIP OF CICERO

Year 2016, Volume: 4, 105 - 126, 01.06.2016

Murat Tozan

https://doi.org/10.13113/CEDRUS/201608

Abstract

The renowned Roman jurist, statesman and orator, Marcus Tullius Cicero 106-43 BC after reach­ing the highest post in the Roman Republic, the consu­late 63 BC experienced serious problems in his politi­cal career. After his return from exile in 58 BC Cicero focused mostly upon his philosophical and liter­ary works. Although it was customary for the ap­point­ment of an ex-consul to the provincial governor­ship, Cic­ero was quite surprised when his governorship came into question and he was very reluctant to take up this post while many others were eager to obtain such an office. Nevertheless, Cicero was appointed to the post of gov­er­norship of Cilicia with the rank of procon­sul, holding office from July 51 to July of 50 BC Cicero held the Cili­cian governor­ship in the late Republican period when corruption and misgovernment in the Ro­man provin­cial admin­istra­tion increased considera­bly, but during his tenure in office, he set an example of how a Roman governor should act. In addition to the politi­cal and mili­tary measures he took against both political unrest in his province and against the potential Par­thian threat from outside the province, he also made some econom­ic arrangements such as tax regula­tions. In this paper while discussing the Cilician gover­norship of Cicero as one of the leading political and intellec­tual figure of the late Roman Republican period, light is also cast upon the political and economic conditions in the province during his governor­ship.

Keywords

M. Tullius Cicero • Cilicia • Roman Provinces • Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor

CICERO’NUN CILICIA VALİLİĞİ

Abstract

Ünlü Romalı hukukçu, devlet adamı ve hatip Mar­cus Tullius Cicero MÖ 106-43 MÖ 63 yılında devlet hi­yerar­şisindeki en yüksek konum olan con­sul’luğa kadar yüksel­mesinin ardından politik kariye­rinde önem­li so­runlar yaşa­mış, MÖ 58 yılında gönde­rildiği sürgünden dönüşünün ardından kendini daha çok felsefi ve edebi çalışmalara ver­miştir. Bir ex-consul olarak eyalet valiliği yapması normal olsa da MÖ 51 yılında kendisinin Cilicia valiliği gündeme gelince oldukça şaşırmış ve birçokları­nın elde etmek için can attığı bu görevi istemeyerek kabul etmek durumunda kal­mıştı. Nihayetinde procon­sul rütbesi ile Cilicia valiliğine atanan Cicero, MÖ 51 yılı Temmuz ayından MÖ 50 yılı Temmuz ayına kadar bir yıl süreyle bu gö­revde kalmıştır. Eyalet yönetimindeki yol­suzlukların ve görevi kötüye kullan­maların oldukça arttığı Roma Geç Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Cilicia valili­ği yapan Cicero, bu görevi boyunca bir Romalı valinin na­sıl olması gerek­tiği konusunda adeta bir örnek teşkil etmiş­tir. Gerek eyalet içerisindeki politik huzursuzluk­lara ge­rekse eya­lete dışarıdan gelebilecek Parth tehdidine karşı askeri ve politik önlemler alan Cicero, vergi ödeme­leri konusun­daki düzenlemeleriyle ekonomik alanda da re­form­larda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada Roma Geç Cum­huriyet Dönemi’nin başlıca politik ve entellektüel kişilik­lerinden olan Cicero’nun Cilicia Eyaleti valiliği ele alınır­ken eyaletin bu dönemdeki siyasi ve ekonomik durumu da gözler önüne serilecektir.

Keywords

M. Tullius Cicero • Cilicia • Roma Eyaletleri• Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemlerinde Anadolu

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