Çin'in Asya Altyapı Yatırım Bankası aracılığıyla Afrika'ya katılımı

Year 2019, , 65 - 77, 31.12.2019

Safiye Ergun

https://doi.org/10.38154/cjas.18

Abstract

Bu makale, Asya Altyapı Yatırım Bankası'nın (AIIB) genel politikalarını ve şu an Afrika kıtasına artan ilgisini eleştirel olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bölgesel bir kalkınma bankası olmasına rağmen, AIIB bugün küresel yönetişimde görünür bir aktör olarak konumlandı ve Asya dışındaki çeşitli ortaklıkları ve anlaşmalarıyla günümüzdeki en büyük hükümetler arası kuruluşlardan biri haline geldi. Son gelişmeler, Çin’in Afrika kıtasına olan ilgisinin çeşitlenmeye başladığını ve AIIB’nin de Çin’in Afrika’daki etkilerini artırmak için önemli bir araç olduğunu gösteriyor. AllB’nin Afrika kıtasından 18 onaylı üyesi var. Ayrıca, AIIB Afrika’da Dünya Bankası Grubu ile ortak finansman projeleri yapmaya başlamıştır. Bu makale, Afrika kıtasındaki AIIB üyelerine ve Çin'in bölgede niçin AIIB aracılığıyla yatırım yapmayı tercih ettiğine değinmektedir. AIIB'nin Afrika'da yaptığı projelerden üçü (biri güneş enerjili elektrik santralleriyle ilgiliyken diğeri kırsal alandaki kanalizasyon sistemleriyle ve sonuncusu uluslararası finans ile ilgilidir) bu makalede incelenmekte ve etkileri tartışılmaktadır.

Keywords

Asya Altyapı Yatırım Bankası, Çin, Afrika, Dünya Bankası, Mısır

Chinese engagement in Africa through the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

Abstract

This paper makes a critical examination of the policy directions of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and its current interests on the African continent. Although it is a regionally-based development bank, the AIIB has today positioned itself as a visible actor in global governance, and has become one of the largest global inter-governmental organisations through its various partnerships and agreements outside Asia. Recent developments show in several ways that China’s interest in the African continent is here to stay, and that the AIIB is an important instrument that China is using to increase its influence in Africa. The AIIB has 18 approved members on the African continent, and has started to co-finance projects in Africa with the World Bank Group. This paper assesses the members of the AIIB on the African continent, and investigates why China has turned its attention to investments in Africa through the AIIB. The study looks at three particular AIIB projects in Africa, being a solar energy plant project, a rural sanitation system project and an international finance project, and opens a discussion of their effects.

Keywords

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, China, Africa, World Bank, Egypt

References

• AIIB. 2020a. “Members of Bank”. Accessed January 29, 2020. https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/members-of-bank/index.html
• AIIB. 2020b. “AIIB reaches 100-member Milestone – News”. July 13. Accessed August 15, 2019. https://www.aiib.org/en/news-events/news/2019/20190713_001.html.
• AIIB. 2020c. “Egypt Round II Solar PV Feed-in Tariffs Program - Approved Project”. Accessed August 21, 2019. https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/approved/2017/egypt-round-II-solar-pv-feed-in-tariffs-program.html.
• AIIB. 2020d. “Egypt Sustainable Rural Sanitation Services Program”. Accessed August 21, 2019. https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/approved/2018/sustainable-rural-sanitation.html.
• AIIB. 2020e. “Egypt: National Bank of Egypt On-Lending Facility for Infrastructure”. Accessed February 29, 2020. https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/details/2019/approved/Egypt-National-Bank-of-Egypt-On-Lending-Facility-for-Infrastructure.html.
• Crisafulli, Giuseppe. 2018. “China-Africa Trade to Benefit from Growing Economic Cooperation”. China Briefing News. August 8. Accessed August 14, 2019. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-africa-trade-to-benefit-from-growing-economic-cooperation/.
• Dahir, Abdi Latif. 2019. “Africa’s resource-rich nations are getting even more reliant on China for their exports”. Quartz Africa. April 26. Accessed February 29, 2020. https://qz.com/africa/1605497/belt-and-road-africa-mineral-rich-nations-export-mostly-to-china/.
• Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Arab Republic of Egypt. 2004. “Cooperation between Egypt and China in Brief”. November 17. Accessed August 21, 2019. http://eg2.mofcom.gov.cn/article/bilateralcooperation/inbrief/200411/20041100001446.shtml.
• Gerson, Michael S. 2010. “The Sino-Soviet Border Conflict: Deterrence, Escalation, and the Threat of Nuclear War in 1969.” CNA: Defense Threat Reduction Agency Advanced Systems and Concepts Office. Accessed December 28, 2019. https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/D0022974.A2.pdf
• Gountin, V. Maurice. 2006. “China’s Assistance to Africa, a Stone Bridge of Sino-African Relations”. Paper presented at China-Africa links Workshop, Center on China’s Transnational Relations, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed August 23, 2019. http://www.cctr.ust.hk/materials/conference/chinaafrica/papers/Gountin,Maurice.pdf.
• Junbo, Jian and Donata Frasheri. 2014. “Neo-colonialism or De-colonialism? Chinas economic engagement in Africa and the implications for world order.” African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 8 (7), 185-201.
• Konijn, Peter. 2012. China in Africa: A Profile of Political and Economic Relations, Accessed August 13, 2019. https://www.academia.edu/4030152/China_in_Africa_A_profile_of_political_and_economic_relations.
• Lee, Amanda. 2019. “China refuses to give up 'developing country' Status at WTO”. South China Morning Post. April 8. Accessed August 14, 2019. https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3004873/china-refuses-give-developing-country-status-wto-despite-us .
• Liao, Rebecca. 2015. “Out of the Bretton Woods”. Foreign Affairs. Accessed August 23, 2019. http://cf.linnbenton.edu/artcom/social_science/clarkd/upload/Out%20of%20the%20Bretton%20Woods.pdf.
• Luthi, Lorenz M. 2008. The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
• Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic of China. 2019. “Statistics on China-Africa Trade in 2018 Statistics”. January 26. Accessed August 19, 2019. http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/statistic/lanmubb/AsiaAfrica/201901/20190102831255.shtml.
• Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic of China. 2018. “Elaboration on the Eight Major Initiatives of the FOCAC Beijing Summit”. September 19. Accessed August 19, 2019. http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/policyrelease/Cocoon/201809/20180902788698.shtml.
• Mohan, Giles and Marcus Power. 2008. “New African Choices? The Politics of Chinese Engagement.” Review of African Political Economy 35 (115), 23-42.
• Mounir, Hossam. 2018. “AIIB to Introduce $510m Investments into Egypt”. Daily News Egypt. December 9. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ww.dailynewssegypt.com/2018/12/09/aiib-to-introduce-510m-investments-into-egypt/.
• Shah, Anup. 2013. “Structural Adjustment-a Major Cause of Poverty”. Global Issues. Accessed August 19, 2019. http://www.globalissues.org/article/3/structural-adjustment-a-major-cause-of-poverty.
• Sobolewski, Matthias and Jason Lange. 2015. “U.S. Urges Allies to Think Twice before Joining China-led Bank”. Berlin/Washington: Reuters. March 18. Accessed August 19, 2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-asia-bank/u-s-urges-allies-to-think-twice-before-joining-china-led-bank-idUSKBN0MD0B320150318.
• Travassos, Luis and Oswaldo Filho. 2016. “Ibn-Battuta, Travel Geography, Karst And The Sacred Underground.” Mercator 15 (2), 55-75.