BibTex RIS Cite

Investigation of the effect of different calcium concentration on the growth of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis strains

Year 2012, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 149 - 154, 30.01.2014

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether calcium was effective on the growth of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) which produces a zinc-dependent metalloenzyme. 

Methods: A total of four ETBF strains (two bft1 +, two bft2 + strains) and one nontoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) were tested. Individual effects of calcium (CaCl2), and zinc (ZnCl2) chloride salts on growth of these strains were carried out with quantitative cultivation. In order to assess potential activities of different salt concentrations on growth parameters and dose-response profiles of the strains, media with different salt concentrations which represent the normal and high dose calcium intake levels as in intestines, were used. The data were analyzed by using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results: Calcium salts exerted inhibitory effect on the growth of all ETBF strains; particularly, high level of CaCl2 resulted in significant decrease in the number of bacterial colonies of bft2 + strains (p=0,002). Although not statistically significant, slightly more colonies were grown on the culture media with ZnCl2 when compared with the medium without salt.

Conclusion: Our results indicate the presence of an antimicrobial effect of calcium on ETBF strains, however, whether calcium leads to a change on the enterotoxic effect remains to be established.


Key words: Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, metalloenzyme, ionized calcium

References

  • Oldfield EC 3rd. (2009). Diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis: newly recognized cause of inflammatory diarrhea. Rev Gastroenterol Disord, 9(2):E65-E6.
  • Rabizadeh S, Rhee KJ, Wu S, Huso D, Gan CM, Golub JE, Wu X, Zhang M, Sears CL. (2007). Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis: a potential instigator of colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007; 13(12):1475-1483.
  • Basset C, Holton J, Bazeos A, Vaira D, Bloom S. Are Helicobacter species and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis involved in inflammatory bowel disease? Dig Dis Sci. 2004; 49 (9):1425-1432.
  • Saidin RF, Jaeger K, Montrose MH, Wu S, Sears CL. (1997). Bacteroides fragilis toxin rearrenges the actin cytoskeleton of HT29/C1 cells without direct proteolysis of actin or decrease in F-actin content. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 37(2): p.159-165.
  • Housseau F. and Sears CL. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF)- mediated colitis in Min (Apc+/−) mice: A human commensal-based murine model of colon carcinogenesis. Cell Cycle. 2010; 9 (1): 3–5.
  • Goodwin AC, Destefano Shields CE, Wu S, Huso DL, Wu X, Murray- Stewart TR, Hacker-Prietz A, Rabizadeh S, Woster PM, Sears CL, Casero RA Jr. Polyamine catabolism contributes to enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-induced colon tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2011; 108 (37):15354-15359.
  • Toprak NU, Yagci A, Gulluoglu BM, Akin ML, Demirkalem P, Celenk T, Soyletir G. A possible role of Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin in the aetiology of colorectal cancer. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006; 12 (8):782-786.
  • Simon GL, Gorbach SL. (1994). Intestinal health and disease. Gastroenterology 86; p.174-193.
  • Der Meer R.V, Welberg JWM, Folkert Kuipers, Kleibeuker JH, Mulder N.H, Termont D. S. M. L, Vonk RJ, De Vries H.T. and De Vries E.G.E. Effects of Supplement Diatery Calcium on the Intestinal Association of Calcium, Phosphate, and Bile Acids. American Gastroenterological Association. 1990; 99: 1653-1659.
  • Chakrabarty S. Radjendirane V, Appelman H, Varani J. Extracellular Calcium and Calcium Sensing Receptor Function in Human Colon Carcinomas: Promotion of E-Cadherin Expression and Suppression of β-Catenin/TCF Activation. Cancer Research.2003; 63: 67–71.
  • Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger PC, Winn WC J, editors. Color Atlas and Textbok of Diagnostic Microbiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1997.p. 709-784.
  • Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Smigal C, Thun MJ. Cancer statistic. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007; 57 (1):43-66.
  • Milner JA, McDonald SS, Anderson DE, Greenwald P. Molecular targets for nutrients involved with cancer prevention. Nutrition and Cancer. 2001; 41 (1-2):1-16.
  • Sarkisova S, Patrauchan MA, Berglund D, Nivens DE, Franklin MJ. Calcium-induced virulence factors associated with the extracellular matrix of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. J Bacteriol. 2005; 187 (13):4327-4337.
  • Hall PJ, Yang GC, Little RV, Brubaker RR. Effect of Ca2+ on morphology and division of Yersinia pestis. Infect Immun. 1974; 9 (6):1105-13.
  • Sears CL. (2001). The toxins of Bacteroides fragilis. p.1737-46. ????????
  • San Joaquin VH, Griffis JC, Lee C, Sears CL. Association of Bacteroides fragilis with childhood diarrhea. USA, Scand J Infect Dis.1995; 27 (3):211-215.
  • Chung GT, Franco AA, Wu S, Rhie GE, Cheng R, Oh HB, Sears CL. Identification of a third metalloprotease toxin gene in extraintestinal isolates of Bacteroides fragilis. Infect Immun. 1999; 67 (9):4945-4959.

Farklı kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarının enterotoksijenik Bacteroides fragilis kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine etkisi

Year 2012, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 149 - 154, 30.01.2014

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada kalsiyumun, çinkoya bağımlı metalloenzim yapısında enterotoksin salgılayan Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine etkili olup olmadığını araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. 

Yöntem: Enterotoksijenik B. fragilis (ETBF) bakterilerinden bft1 ve bft2 genleri taşıyan ikişer köken ve toksini olmayan bir B. fragilis çalışmaya alınmıştır. Kalsiyum klorür (CaCl2) ve çinko klorür (ZnCl2) tuzlarının her birinin bu bakterilerin üremesine etkisi kantitatif kültürler ile araştırılmıştır. Bunun için, gerek normal gıdalarla alındığında, gerekse gıdalara ek olarak, günde 1 gram kalsiyum alındığında, barsak içeriğindeki kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarını temsil edecek, farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarıyla hazırlanmış besiyerleri kullanılmıştır. Bakterilerin farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarında üreme verilerinin istatistiksel analizi Kruskal Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testleriyle yapılmıştır. 

Bulgular: Kalsiyum klorür tuzları tüm ETBF kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine inhibitör etki yapmıştır. Özellikle yüksek düzeyde CaCl2, bft2 + geni taşıyan kökenlerin koloni sayısında belirgin azalmaya neden olmuştur (p=0,002). İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yaratmamakla beraber, ZnCl2, tuz bulunmayan kontrol besiyerindeki kültürlere göre daha fazla sayıda koloni oluşumuna yol açmıştır.

Sonuç: Bulgularımız, kalsiyumun ETBF kökenleri üzerine antimikrobiyal etkisinin olabileceğini göstermektedir; ancak kalsiyumun, bakterinin enterotoksik etkisinde herhangi bir değişiklik yapıp yapmadığının araştırılması gerekmektedir.


Anahtar Kelimeler : Enterotoksijenik Bacteroides fragilis, metalloenzim, iyonize kalsiyum

References

  • Oldfield EC 3rd. (2009). Diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis: newly recognized cause of inflammatory diarrhea. Rev Gastroenterol Disord, 9(2):E65-E6.
  • Rabizadeh S, Rhee KJ, Wu S, Huso D, Gan CM, Golub JE, Wu X, Zhang M, Sears CL. (2007). Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis: a potential instigator of colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007; 13(12):1475-1483.
  • Basset C, Holton J, Bazeos A, Vaira D, Bloom S. Are Helicobacter species and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis involved in inflammatory bowel disease? Dig Dis Sci. 2004; 49 (9):1425-1432.
  • Saidin RF, Jaeger K, Montrose MH, Wu S, Sears CL. (1997). Bacteroides fragilis toxin rearrenges the actin cytoskeleton of HT29/C1 cells without direct proteolysis of actin or decrease in F-actin content. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 37(2): p.159-165.
  • Housseau F. and Sears CL. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF)- mediated colitis in Min (Apc+/−) mice: A human commensal-based murine model of colon carcinogenesis. Cell Cycle. 2010; 9 (1): 3–5.
  • Goodwin AC, Destefano Shields CE, Wu S, Huso DL, Wu X, Murray- Stewart TR, Hacker-Prietz A, Rabizadeh S, Woster PM, Sears CL, Casero RA Jr. Polyamine catabolism contributes to enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-induced colon tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2011; 108 (37):15354-15359.
  • Toprak NU, Yagci A, Gulluoglu BM, Akin ML, Demirkalem P, Celenk T, Soyletir G. A possible role of Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin in the aetiology of colorectal cancer. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006; 12 (8):782-786.
  • Simon GL, Gorbach SL. (1994). Intestinal health and disease. Gastroenterology 86; p.174-193.
  • Der Meer R.V, Welberg JWM, Folkert Kuipers, Kleibeuker JH, Mulder N.H, Termont D. S. M. L, Vonk RJ, De Vries H.T. and De Vries E.G.E. Effects of Supplement Diatery Calcium on the Intestinal Association of Calcium, Phosphate, and Bile Acids. American Gastroenterological Association. 1990; 99: 1653-1659.
  • Chakrabarty S. Radjendirane V, Appelman H, Varani J. Extracellular Calcium and Calcium Sensing Receptor Function in Human Colon Carcinomas: Promotion of E-Cadherin Expression and Suppression of β-Catenin/TCF Activation. Cancer Research.2003; 63: 67–71.
  • Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger PC, Winn WC J, editors. Color Atlas and Textbok of Diagnostic Microbiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1997.p. 709-784.
  • Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Smigal C, Thun MJ. Cancer statistic. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007; 57 (1):43-66.
  • Milner JA, McDonald SS, Anderson DE, Greenwald P. Molecular targets for nutrients involved with cancer prevention. Nutrition and Cancer. 2001; 41 (1-2):1-16.
  • Sarkisova S, Patrauchan MA, Berglund D, Nivens DE, Franklin MJ. Calcium-induced virulence factors associated with the extracellular matrix of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. J Bacteriol. 2005; 187 (13):4327-4337.
  • Hall PJ, Yang GC, Little RV, Brubaker RR. Effect of Ca2+ on morphology and division of Yersinia pestis. Infect Immun. 1974; 9 (6):1105-13.
  • Sears CL. (2001). The toxins of Bacteroides fragilis. p.1737-46. ????????
  • San Joaquin VH, Griffis JC, Lee C, Sears CL. Association of Bacteroides fragilis with childhood diarrhea. USA, Scand J Infect Dis.1995; 27 (3):211-215.
  • Chung GT, Franco AA, Wu S, Rhie GE, Cheng R, Oh HB, Sears CL. Identification of a third metalloprotease toxin gene in extraintestinal isolates of Bacteroides fragilis. Infect Immun. 1999; 67 (9):4945-4959.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Neşe Balkan This is me

Nilüfer Özaydın This is me

Nurver Toprak Ülger

Publication Date January 30, 2014
Submission Date January 30, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 2 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Balkan, N., Özaydın, N., & Toprak Ülger, N. (2014). Farklı kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarının enterotoksijenik Bacteroides fragilis kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine etkisi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 2(4), 149-154.
AMA Balkan N, Özaydın N, Toprak Ülger N. Farklı kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarının enterotoksijenik Bacteroides fragilis kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine etkisi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. February 2014;2(4):149-154.
Chicago Balkan, Neşe, Nilüfer Özaydın, and Nurver Toprak Ülger. “Farklı Kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarının Enterotoksijenik Bacteroides Fragilis kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine Etkisi”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 2, no. 4 (February 2014): 149-54.
EndNote Balkan N, Özaydın N, Toprak Ülger N (February 1, 2014) Farklı kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarının enterotoksijenik Bacteroides fragilis kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine etkisi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 2 4 149–154.
IEEE N. Balkan, N. Özaydın, and N. Toprak Ülger, “Farklı kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarının enterotoksijenik Bacteroides fragilis kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine etkisi”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 149–154, 2014.
ISNAD Balkan, Neşe et al. “Farklı Kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarının Enterotoksijenik Bacteroides Fragilis kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine Etkisi”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 2/4 (February 2014), 149-154.
JAMA Balkan N, Özaydın N, Toprak Ülger N. Farklı kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarının enterotoksijenik Bacteroides fragilis kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine etkisi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2014;2:149–154.
MLA Balkan, Neşe et al. “Farklı Kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarının Enterotoksijenik Bacteroides Fragilis kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine Etkisi”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 2, no. 4, 2014, pp. 149-54.
Vancouver Balkan N, Özaydın N, Toprak Ülger N. Farklı kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarının enterotoksijenik Bacteroides fragilis kökenlerinin üremesi üzerine etkisi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2014;2(4):149-54.

14639   14640