In Vitro Gap Changes After Porcelain Firing Cycles of Three and Four Unit of CAD/CAM Milling, Laser Sintering and Cast Metal Ceramic Restorations

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 271 - 277, 30.09.2019

Muhammed Abdullah Keles , Sebnem Begum Turker

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.565912

Abstract

Objectives: Marginal adaptation changes during the veneering process is an important factor in the clinical success of metal framework techniques such as conventional cast metal cores (LW), CAD-CAM Metal Milling (MM) and Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the marginal fit changes between three- and four- unit’s metal ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPD’s) fabricated by Lost Wax (LW), CAM Metal Milling (MM) and (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) DMLS metal framework techniques after porcelain firing cycles (PFC).

Methods: A total of 60 stainless steel three and four unit FPD’s models were fabricated. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups to fabricate metal ceramic FPD’s frameworks with LW, MM and DMLS techniques. Before and after PFC, cross-sections from silicone replicas were obtained, sectioned, examined and measured with a light microscope. The statistical analysis was done with Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. Results were evaluated at 95 % of confidence interval and p<0.05 level.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the three and four unit of FPD’s, before PFC for LW and MM (p:0.000) and DMLS (p:0.019)’s groups and only DMLS (p:0.006)’s group was statistically significant after PFC. The mean marginal gaps of LW technique was higher than the MM and DMLS’s techniques before PFC. After PFC, DMLS’s technique results were higher than LW and MM technique but, no statistically significant difference was found between the marginal gap values of the three and neither for four units of DMLS’s FPD’s.

Conclusion: PFC decreases the mean marginal gap of the LW and MM group, but, there was a slight increase for DMLS group. However, all the marginal gap values obtained were in clinical acceptance level for three and four-units FPD’s for all tested specimens.

Keywords

Marginal gap, lost wax, CAD/ CAM, laser sintering, porcelain firing cycle

References

• 1. Nesse H, Ulstein DM, Vaage MM, Qilo M. Internal and marginal fit of cobalt chromium fixed dental prostheses fabricated with 3 different techniques. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114(5): 686-692.
• 2. Ushiwata O, Moraes JV. Method for marginal measurements of restorations: Accessory device for toolmakers microscope. J Prosthet Dent. 2003;83: 362-366.
• 3. McLean JW, von Fraunhofer JA. The estimation of cement film thickness by an in vivo technique. Br Dent J. 1971;131(3): 107-111.
• 4. Goldin EB, Boyd NW, Goldstein GR, Hittelman EL, Thompson VP. Marginal fit of leucite-glass pressable ceramic restorations and ceramic pressed-to-metal restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;93: 143-147.
• 5. Örtorp A, Jönsson D, Mouhsen A, von Steyern PV. The fit of cobalt- chromium three-unit fixed dental prostheses fabricated with four different techniques: A comparative in vitro study. Dent Mater. 2011;27: 356-363.
• 6. Ucar Y, Akova T, Akyil MS, Brantley WA. Internal fit evaluation of crowns prepared using a new dental crown fabrication technique: laser-sintered Co-Cr crowns. J Prosthet Dent. 2009;102(4): 253-259.
• 7. Kane LM, Chronaios D, Sierraalta M, George FM. Marginal and internal adaptation of milled cobalt-chromium copings. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114(5):680-685.
• 8. Quante K, Quintas AF, Oliveira F, Bottino MA. Vertical marginal discrepancy of ceramic copings with different ceramic materials, finish lines, and luting agents:an in vitro evaluation. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;92(3): 250-257.
• 9. Akova T, Ucar Y, Tukay A, Balkaya MC, Brantley WA. Comparison of the bond strength of laser-sintered and cast base metal dental alloys to porcelain. Dent Mater. 2008 ;24(10):1400-1404.
• 10. Sundar MJ, Chikmagalur SB, Pasha F. Marginal fit and microleakage of cast and metal laser sintered copings—An in vitro study. J Prosthodont Res. 2014;58: 252–258.
• 11. Persson A, Andersson M, Oden A, Sandborgh-Englund G. A three-dimensional evaluation of a laser scanner and a touch-probe scanner. J Prosthet Dent. 2006 Mar;95(3):194-200.
• 12. Gonzalo E, Suarez MJ, Serrano B, Lozano JF. A comparison of the marginal vertical discrepancies of zirconium and metal ceramic posterior fixed dental prostheses before and after cementation. J Prosthet Dent. 2009;102: 378-384.
• 13. Xu D, Xiang N, Wei B. The marginal fit of selective laser melting fabricated metal crowns: an in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;112(6):1437-40.
• 14. Kim KB, Kim WC, Kim HY, Kim JH. An evaluation of marginal fit of three-unit fixed dental prostheses fabricated by direct metal laser sintering system. Dent Mater. 2013a;29(7): 91-96.
• 15. Kim KB, Kim JH, Kim WC, Kim HY, Kim JH. Evaluation of the marginal and internal gap of metal-ceramic crown fabricated with a selective laser sintering technology: two- and three-dimensional replica techniques. Adv Prosthodont. 2013b;5(2): 179-186.
• 16. Kane LM, Chronaios D, Sierraalta M, George FM. Marginal and internal adaptation of milled cobalt-chromium copings. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114(5):680-5.
• 17. Gemalmaz D, Alkumru HN. Marginal fit changes during porcelain firing cycles.J Prosthet Dent. 1995;73: 49–54.
• 18. Kunii J, Hotta Y, Tamaki Y, Ozawa A, Kobayashi Y, Fujishima A, Miyazaki T, Fujiwara T. Effect of sintering on the marginal and internal fit of CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia frameworks. Dent Mater J. 2007;26(6):820-826.
• 19. van Noort R. The future of dental devices is digital. Dent Mater. 2012;28:(1): 3-12.
• 20. Park JK, Kim HY, Kim WC, Kim JH. Accuracy evaluation of metal copings fabricated by computer-aided milling and direct metal laser sintering systems. J Adv Prosthodont. 2015;7(2): 122-8.
• 21. Vigolo P, Fonzi F. An in vitro evaluation of fit of zirconium-oxide-based ceramic four-unit fixed partial dentures, generated with three different CAD/CAM systems, before and after porcelain firing cycles and after glaze cycles. J Prosthodont. 2008;17(8): 621-626.
• 22. Regish KM, Sharma D, Prithviraj DR, Nair A, Raghavan R. Evaluation and comparison of the internal fit and marginal accuracy of base metal (nickelchromium) and zirconia copings before and after ceramic veneering: a sem study. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2013;21(1) :44-48.
• 23. Souza RO, Ozcan M, Pavanelli CA, Buso L, Lombardo GH, Michida SM, Mesquita AM, Bottino MA. Marginal and internal discrepancies related to margin design of ceramic crowns fabricated by a CAD/CAM system. J Prosthodont. 2012;21(2): 94-100.
• 24. Tsitrou EA, Northeast SE, van Noort R. Evaluation of the marginal fit of three margin designs of resin composite crowns using CAD/CAM. J Dent.2007;35(1): 68-73.
• 25. Yeo IS, Yang JH, Lee JB. In vitro marginal fit of three all ceramic crown systems. J Prosthet Dent. 2003;90(5): 459-464.
• 26. Suarez MJ, Gonzalez de Villaumbrosia P, Pradies G, Lozano JF. Comparison of the marginal fit of Procera AllCeram crowns with two finish lines. Int J Prosthodont. 2003;16(3): 229-232.
• 27. Wolfart S, Wegner SM, Halabi A, Kern M. Clinical Evaluation of Marginal Fit of a New Experimental All-Ceramic System Before and After Cementation. Int J Prosthodont. 2003;16:587-592.
• 28. Holden JE, Goldstein GR, Hittelman EL, Clark EA. Comparison of the marginal fit of pressable ceramic to metal ceramic restorations. J Prosthodont. 2009;18(8):645-8.
• 29. Fonseca JC, Henriques GE, Sobrinho LC, de Góes MF. Stress-relieving and porcelain firing cycle influence on marginal fit of commercially pure titanium and titanium-aluminum-vanadium copings. Dent Mater 2003;19(7):686-691.
• 30. Groten M, Axmann D, Probster L, Weber H. Determination of the minimum number of marginal gap measurements required for practical in-vitro testing. J Prosthet Dent. 2000;83(1): 40-49.
• 31. Nawafleh NA, Mack F, Evans J, Mackay J, Hatamleh MM. Accuracy and Reliability of Methods to Measure Marginal Adaptation of Crowns and FDPs: A Literature Review. J Prosthodont. 2013;3: 97-111.
• 32. Quante K, Quintas AF, Oliveira F, Bottino MA. Vertical marginal discrepancy of ceramic copings with different ceramic materials, finish lines, and luting agents: an in vitro evaluation. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;92(3): 250-257.
• 33. Coli P, Karlsson S. Fit of a new pressure sintered zirconium dioxide coping. Int J Prosthodont. 2004;17: 59-64.
• 34. Reich S, Gozdowski S, Trentzsch L, Frankenberger R, Lohbauer U. Marginal fit of heat-pressed vs. CAD/CAM processed all-ceramic onlays using a milling unit prototype. Oper Dent. 2008;33(6): 644-650.
• 35. Laurent M, Scheer P, Dejou J, Laborde G. Clinical evaluation of the marginal fit of cast crowns--validation of the silicone replica method. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35(2): 116-122.
• 36. Bugurman BB, Turker SB. Clinical gap changes after porcelain firing cycles of zirconia fixed dentures. J Adv Prosthodont 2014;6:177-84.
• 37. Harish V, Mohamed Ali SA, Jagadesan N, Mohamed I, Siva S, Debasish B, Febel H. Evaluation of Internal and Marginal Fit of Two Metal Ceramic System – In Vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(12): 53–56.
• 38. Bindl A, Windisch S, Mormann WH. Full-ceramic CAD/CAM anterior crowns and copings. Int J Comput Dent. 1999;2: 97-111.
• 39. Christensen GJ. Marginal fit of gold inlay castings. J Prosthet Dent. 1966;16(2):297-305.
• 40. Bayramoglu E, Ozkan YK, Yıldız C. Comparison of marginal and internal fit of press-on-metal and conventional ceramic systems for three- and four-unit implant-supported partial fixed dental prostheses:An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2015;114:52-58.
• 41. Olivera AB, Saito T. The effect of die spacer on retention and fitting of complete cast crowns. J Prosthodont 2006;15(4):243-249.
• 42. Bridger DV, Nicholls JI. Distortion of ceramoometal fixed partial dentures during the firing cycle. J Prosthet Dent 1981;45:507-510.
• 43. Dehoff PH, Annusavice KJ. Effect of metal design on marginal distortion of metal ceramic crowns. J Dent Res;1984;63:1327-1332.
• 44. Patil A, Singh K, Sahoo S, Suwarma S, Kuman P, Singh A. Comparative assessment of marginal accuracy of grade II titanium and Ni-Cr alloy before and after ceramic firing: An in vitro study. Eur J Dent 2013;7:272-277.