Influence of Finishing Procedures on Surface Roughness and Biaxial Flexural Strength of High-translucent 4Y-PSZ, 5Y-PSZ, and 6Y-PSZ Monolithic Zirconia

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 166 - 175, 28.03.2023

Gülsüm Doğru , Elif Demiralp , Emre Koçak , H. Hasan Örkcü , Prof. Dr. Cemal Aydın , Handan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1073010

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of glazing, polishing and polishing with a polishing paste of newly developed highly translucent materials on the flexural strength of these materials and aims to illuminate where there is not much study yet on the finishing procedures to be done.
Methods: Three different high translucency Y-PSZ (Yittria partially stabilized zirconia): KST (Katana STML), KUT (Katana UTML), NCQ (Nacera Pearl Q3 Multi-Shade) and one translucent 3Y-TZP (3-yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline): NCMS (Nacera Pearl Multi-Shade) zirconia system were used. A total of 120 specimens were prepared in the form of discs with a diameter of 14 mm and dimensions of 1.2 ± 0.2
mm. Three experimental groups (n = 30) were formed from each type of material, using three finishing protocols: Diamond Polishing system (DP); Diamond Polishing system followed by Polishing Paste (PP); Glaze Application (GP). Surface Roughness (Ra) was measured by using a contact profilometer, and a biaxial flexural strength test was applied to determine their flexural strength. The obtained data were analyzed using the Weibull distribution. All results were evaluated statistically.
Results: For Ra values, there was a statistical difference between all the procedures applied in the KST material as in the NCQ material. However, there was no statistical difference between GP and PP procedures in Ra values in the NCMS material and between DP and PP procedures in the KUT material. The characteristic strengths of DP applied to NCMS and NCQ material, PP applied to KST, and KUT material had the highest value. The highest m values for DP were determined in KST, NCMS, NCQ materials, while in KUT material, PP was determined in the finishing procedure.
Conclusion: Finishing procedures have significant effects on surface roughness and flexural strength values for translucent zirconia materials. The lowest Ra value and the highest flexural strength were found in the DP group of NCMS. In KST and KUT materials, the highest flexural strength results were found in the PP procedure while NCQ was not affected by finishing procedures.

Keywords

translucent zirconia, monolithic, surface roughness, biaxial flexural strength

References

• Hatanaka GR, Polli GS, Adabo GL. The mechanical behavior of high-translucent monolithic zirconia after adjustment and finishing procedures and artificial aging. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;123(2): 330-337. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.12.013
• Piconi C, Maccauro G. Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial. Biomaterials. 1999;20(1):1-25. DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(98)00010-6
• Karakoca S, Yılmaz H. Influence of surface treatments on surface roughness, phase transformation, and biaxial flexural strength of Y‐TZP ceramics. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials: An Official Journal of The Society for Biomaterials, The Japanese Society for Biomaterials, and The Australian Society for Biomaterials and the Korean Society for Biomaterials. 2009; 91(2): 930-937. DOI: 0.1002/jbm.b.31477
• Zucuni CP, Guilardi LF, Rippe MP, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Fatigue strength of yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystals: Effects of grinding, polishing, glazing, and heat treatment. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2017;75: 512-520. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.06.016
• Schmitter M, Mueller D, Rues S. Chipping behaviour of all-ceramic crowns with zirconia framework and CAD/CAM manufactured veneer. J Dent. 2012;40(2):154-162. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.12.007
• Zhang Y. Making yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia translucent. Dent Mater. 2014;30(10):1195-1203. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.375
• Khayat W, Chebib N, Finkelman M, Khayat S, Ali A. Effect of grinding and polishing on roughness and strength of zirconia. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119(4):626-631. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.04.003
• Zhang F, Van Meerbeek B, Vleugels J. Importance of tetragonal phase in high-translucent partially stabilized zirconia for dental restorations. Dent Mater. 2020;36(4):491-500. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.017
• Zhang F, Inokoshi M, Batuk M, Hadermann J, Naert I, Van Meerbeek B, Vleugels J. Strength, toughness and aging stability of highly-translucent Y- TZP ceramics for dental restorations. Dent Mater. 2016;32(12):327-337. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.025
• Zhang F, Reveron H, Spies BC, Van Meerbeek B, Chevalier J. Trade-off between fracture resistance and translucency of zirconia and lithium- disilicate glass ceramics for monolithic restorations. Acta biomaterialia. 2019;91:24-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.043
• Pereira GK, Guilardi LF, Dapieve KS, Kleverlaan CJ, Rippe MP, Valandro LF. Mechanical reliability, fatigue strength and survival analysis of new polycrystalline translucent zirconia ceramics for monolithic restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2018;85:57-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.029
• Zucuni CP, Venturini AB, Prochnow C, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Load-bearing capacity under fatigue and survival rates of adhesively cemented yttrium-stabilized zirconia polycrystal monolithic simplified restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2019;90:673-680. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.11.009
• Zhang F, Inokoshi M, Batuk M, Hadermann J, Naert I, Van Meerbeek B, Vleugels J. Strength, toughness and aging stability of highly-translucent Y- TZP ceramics for dental restorations. Dent Mater. 2016;32(12):327-337. DOI: 0.1016/j.dental.2016.09.025
• Vila-Nova TEL, de Carvalho IHG, Moura DMD, Batista AUD, Zhang Y, Paskocimas CA, Bottino MA, e Souza ROdA. Effect of finishing/polishing techniques and low temperature degradation on the surface topography, phase transformation and flexural strength of ultra-translucent ZrO2 ceramic. Dent Mater. 2020;36(4):126-139. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.004
• Preis V, Schmalzbauer M, Bougeard D, Schneider-Feyrer S, Rosentritt M. Surface properties of monolithic zirconia after dental adjustment treatments and in vitro wear simulation. J Dent. 2015;43(1):133-139. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.004
• Pfefferle R, Lümkemann N, Wiedenmann F, Stawarczyk B. Different polishing methods for zirconia: impact on surface, optical, and mechanical properties. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(1):395-403. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02953-6
• Carrabba M, Keeling AJ, Aziz A, Vichi A, Fonzar RF, Wood D, Ferrari M. Translucent zirconia in the ceramic scenario for monolithic restorations: A flexural strength and translucency comparison test. J Dent. 2017;60:70-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.03.002
• Web: https://www.bego.com/cad-cam-solutions/materials/ceramic/katana- zirconia-utml/, S.E.T.
• Web: https://www.nacera-medical.com/en/solutions/nacera-pearl-q3-multi- shade, S.E.T.
• Zhang F, Spies BC, Vleugels J, Reveron H, Wesemann C, Müller W-D, van Meerbeek B, Chevalier J. High-translucent yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics are wear-resistant and antagonist-friendly. Dent Mater. 2019;35(12):1776- 1790. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.10.009
• Miyazaki T, Nakamura T, Matsumura H, Ban S, Kobayashi T. Current status of zirconia restoration. Int J Prosthodont. 2013;57(4):236-261. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2013.09.001
• Happe A, Röling N, Schäfer A, Rothamel D. Effects of different polishing protocols on the surface roughness of Y-TZP surfaces used for custom-made implant abutments: a controlled morphologic SEM and profilometric pilot study. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;113(5):440-447. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.12.005
• Alkimavičius J, Ginevičiūtė E, Valantiejienė V, Andrijauskas R, Linkevičius T. The effect of polishing protocols on the surface roughness of zirconium oxide. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 2018;29. DOI: 10.1111/clr.10_13358
• Kurt M, Bal BT. Farklı yüzey işlemleri ve hızlandırılmış yapay yaşlandırmanın monolitik seramik sistemlerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve topografisi üzerine etkileri. Selcuk Dental Journal. 2017;4(2):68-76. DOI: 10.15311/selcukdentj.328716
• Park C, Vang M-S, Park S-W, Lim H-P. Effect of various polishing systems on the surface roughness and phase transformation of zirconia and the durability of the polishing systems. Journal Prosthet Dent. 2017;117(3):430- 437. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.10.005
• Al Hamad KQ, Abu Al‐Addous AM, Al‐Wahadni AM, Baba NZ, Goodacre BJ. Surface roughness of monolithic and layered zirconia restorations at different stages of finishing and polishing: an in vitro study. J Prosthodont. 2019;28(7): 818-825. DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13071
• Manziuc MM, Gasparik C, Burde AV, Colosi HA, Negucioiu M, Dudea D. Effect of glazing on translucency, color, and surface roughness of monolithic zirconia materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31(5):478-485. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12493
• Janyavula S, Lawson N, Cakir D, Beck P, Ramp LC, Burgess JO. The wear of polished and glazed zirconia against enamel. J Prosthet Dent. 2013;109(1): 22-29. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3913(13)60005-0
• Nakamura K, Kanno T, Milleding P, Örtengren U. Zirconia as a dental implant abutment material: a systematic review. Int J Prosthodont. 2010;23(4). PMID: 20617217
• Bollen CM, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: a review of the literature. Dent Mater 1997;13(4):258-269. DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(97)80038-3
• Mohammadi-Bassir M, Babasafari M, Rezvani MB, Jamshidian M. Effect of coarse grinding, overglazing, and 2 polishing systems on the flexural strength, surface roughness, and phase transformation of yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;118(5):658-665. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.12.019
• De Souza RH, Kaizer MR, Borges CEP, Fernandes ABF, Correr GM, Diógenes AN, Zhang Y, Gonzaga CC. Flexural strength and crystalline stability of a monolithic translucent zirconia subjected to grinding, polishing and thermal challenges. Ceram Inter. 2020;46(16): 26168-26175. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.07.114
• de Carvalho IHG, da Silva NR, Vila-Nova TEL, de Fatima Dantas de Almeida L, Veríssimo AH, de Melo RM, Zhang Y, de Assunção e Souza RO. Effect of finishing/polishing techniques and aging on topography, C. albicans adherence, and flexural strength of ultra-translucent zirconia: an in situ study. Clin Oral Investig. 2021:1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04068-3
• Lee J-Y, Jang G-W, Park I-I, Heo Y-R, Son M-K. The effects of surface grinding and polishing on the phase transformation and flexural strength of zirconia. J Adv Prosthodont. 2019;11(1):1. DOI: 10.4047/jap.2019.11.1.1
• Pittayachawan P, McDonald A, Petrie A, Knowles JC. The biaxial flexural strength and fatigue property of Lava™ Y-TZP dental ceramic. Dent Mater. 2007;23(8):1018-1029. DOI: 0.1016/j.dental.2006.09.003