The Relationship between Menopause Perception, Body Mass Index, and Waist-Hip Ratio with Menopausal Symptoms in Turkish Women

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 517 - 524, 28.06.2024

Abdurrahim Uyanık , Hatice Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1338962

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between menopause perceptions, feelings felt, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio with menopausal symptoms in Turkish climacteric women.
Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in a Family Health Center. The research sample consisted of 220 women in the climacteric period. Data were collected with the survey form and The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) were measured and calculated by the researchers.
Results: The women who perceive menopause as a “natural, normal process” had lower somatic, psychological, and general menopausal symptoms, and those who defined it as “the end of sexuality” had higher genitourinary symptoms (p< .01). Women who were adversely affected or felt negative emotions about menopause reported that they experienced all menopausal symptoms more severely (p< .001). Obese women experienced particularly higher levels of somatic and general menopausal symptoms (p< .05-p< .01), while women with WHR< 0.72 experienced a higher level of genitourinary symptoms (p< .05).
Conclusion: The results showed that menopause perception, feelings felt, obesity, and WHR have an impact on menopausal symptoms and levels.

Keywords

Menopause, symptoms, menopause perception, body mass index, waist hip ratio

References

• El Khoudary SR, Greendale G, Crawford SL, Avis NE, Brooks MM, Thurston RC, Karvonen Gutierrez C, Waetjen LE, Matthews K. The menopause transition and women's health at midlife: Progress report from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Menopause 2019;26(10):1213-1227. DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001424.
• World Health Organization. Menopause. Published [17 October 2022]. Accessed [16 May 2023]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/menopause.
• Kim BV, Iliodromiti S, Christmas M, Bell R, Lensen S, Hickey M. Protocol for development of a core outcome set for menopausal symptoms (COMMA). Menopause 2020;27(12):1371-1375. DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001632.
• Duralde ER, Sobel TH, Manson JE. Management of perimenopausal and menopausal symptoms. BMJ. 2023;8;382:e072612. DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-072612.
• Rees M, Bitzer J, Cano A, Ceausu I, Chedraui P, Durmusoglu F, Erkkola R, Geukes M, Godfrey A, Goulis DG, Griffiths A, Hardy C, Hickey M, Hirschberg AL, Hunter M, Kiesel L, Jack G, Lopes P, Mishra G, Oosterhof H, Pines A, Riach K, Shufelt C, van Trotsenburg M, Weiss R, Lambrinoudaki I. Global consensus recommendations on menopause in the workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) position statement. Maturitas 2021;151:55-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.06.006.
• İkiışık H, Turan G, Kutay F, Karamanlı DC, Gülen E, Özdemir E, Taşdemir M, Maral İ. Awareness of menopause and strategies to cope with menopausal symptoms of the women aged between 40 and 65 who consulted to a tertiary care hospital. ESTUDAM Public Health Journal 2020;5(1):10-21. DOI: 10.35232/estudamhsd.632194.
• Du L, Xu B, Huang C, Zhu L, He N. Menopausal symptoms and perimenopausal healthcare-seeking behavior in women aged 40–60 years: A community-based cross-sectional survey in Shanghai, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17(8):26-40. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082640.
• Lombardo M, Perrone MA, Guseva E, Aulisa G, Padua E, Bellia C, Della Morte D, Iellamo F, Caprio M, Bellia A. Losing weight after menopause with minimal aerobic training and mediterranean diet. Nutrients 2020;12(2471):1-12 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082471.
• Proietto J. Obesity and weight management at menopause. Aust.Fam. Physician. 2017; 46(6):368-370.
• Kapoor E, Collazo Clavell ML, Faubion SS. Weight gain in women at midlife: A concise review of the pathophysiology and strategies for management. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2017;92(10):1552–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.08.004.
• Alwachi SN, Khazaal FA, Yenzeel JH, Karim NA. Waist hip ratio as predictors of obesity types in postmenopausal Iraq women. European Journal of Health 2013;2013(7):1 16.
• Chung GKK, Yu RHY, Woo J, Lai FTT, Chung RY, Yeoh EK, Ho SC. Accelerated progression of waist-to-hip ratio but not body mass index associated with lower socioeconomic position: A cohort study of nonobese early postmenopausal Chinese women. Menopause 2020;27(5):550-558. DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001503.
• Rastegari Z, Noroozi M, Paknahad Z. Socioeconomic and reproductive determinants of waist–hip ratio index in menopausal women. J Mid-life Health 2017;8:170-3. DOI: 10.4103/jmh.JMH_48_17.
• Moradpour F, Koushkie Jahromi M, Fooladchang M, Rezaei R, Sayar Khorasani MR. Association between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition with menopausal symptoms in early postmenopausal women. Menopause 2020;27(2):230-237. DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001441.
• Ozcan H, Oskay U. Menopoz döneminde semptom yönetiminde kanıta dayalı uygulamalar. Göztepe Tıp Dergisi 2013;28(4):157–163. DOI: 10.5222/J.GOZTEPETRH.2013.157 (Turkish)
• Erel CT. Menopoz olgularındaki sıcak basması semptomunda tedavi seçenekleri nedir? TJD Uzmanlık Sonrası Eğitim Dergisi 2004;6:53-57. (Turkish)
• Shobeiri F, Jenabi E, Hazavehei SM, Roshanaei G. Quality of life in postmenopausal women in Iran: A population-based study. JMM. 2016;22(1):31-8. DOI: 10.6118/jmm.2016.22.1.31.
• Mustafa GN, Sabir JM. Perception and experience regarding menopause among menopaused women attending teaching hospitals in Erbil City. GJHS. 2012;28;4(3):170-8. DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v4n3p170.
• Ayers B, Forshaw M, Hunter MS. The impact of attitudes towards the menopause on women's symptom experience: A systematic review. Maturitas 2010;65(1):28-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.10.016.
• Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE). Accessed [05 February 2024]. https://www.strobe-statement.org/.
• Heinemann K, Ruebig A, Potthoff P, Schneider HP, Strelow F, Heinemann LA, Do MT. The menopause rating scale (MRS) scale: A methodological review. HRQOL. 2004;2;2:45. DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-2-45.
• Gürkan ÖC. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the menopausal symptoms rating scale. Nursing Forum 2005; 30-35.
• Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması (TNSA). 2018 Nüfus ve sağlık araştırması, temel bulgular. Published [November 2019]. Accessed [27 November 2019]. https://hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tr/2018_tnsa_analiz_ve_rapor-56.
• González Carrillo Y, Vázquez Méndez J, Guerrero González G, Vidal Gutiérrez O, Cervantes Flores M. Correlation between BMI and climateric symptoms in menopausal women. Medicina Universitaria 2014;16(62):12–14.
• Tokgöz VY, Tosun Ş. Fiziksel aktivite ve vücut kitle indeksi ile menopozal semptomların ilişkisi: Kesitsel çalışma. Jinekoloji- Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 2020;7(1): 269-274. (Turkish)
• AlDughaither A, AlMutairy H, AlAteeq M. Menopausal symptoms and quality of life among Saudi women visiting primary care clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Women's Health 2015;29 (7):645-53. DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S84709.
• Williams RE, Levine KB, Kalilani L, Lewis J, Clark RV. Menopause-specific questionnaire assessment in US population-based study shows negative impact on health-related quality of life. Maturitas 2009;20;62(2):153-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.12.006.
• Demir S, Karaagaoglu N. Üç nesil kadınlarda obezite ile beden algı durumu ve zayıflamaya yönelik uygulamalar. Bes Diy Derg. 2013;41(1):18-26. (Turkish)
• Yesil E, Özdemir M, Colak Arıtıcı G, Aksoydan E. Bel/boy oranı ve diğer antropometrik ölçümlerin kronik hastalık riski ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. AUHSJ. 2019;10(2):241-246. DOI: 10.31067/0.2018.78. (Turkish).
• Polat F, Karasu F. Menopoz dönemindeki kadınların gözüyle menopoz: Nitel bir araştırma örneği. TJFMPC. 2021;15(4):809-817. DOI: 10.21763/tjfmpc.902774. (Turkish).
• Vural P, Yangın H. Menopoz algısı: Türk ve Alman kadınların karşılaştırılması. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2016; 5(3): 7-15. (Turkish).
• Erbil N, Gümüşay M. Relationship between perceived social support and attitudes towards menopause among women and affecting factors. Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science 2018; 4(2):7-18. DOI: 10.19127/mbsjohs.417940.
• Fıskın G, Hotun N, Güler İ. Menopozal dönemdeki kadınların bu yaşam dönemine ilişkin bakış açılarının kalitatif analizi. JAREN. 2017;3(3):122-128. DOI: 10.5222/jaren.2017.122. (Turkish).
• Yoshany N, Mazloomy Mahmoodabad SS, Bahri N, Moori MK, Hanna F. Association between lifestyle and severity of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. Electron J Gen Med. 2020;17(5):em222. DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/7885.
• Blümel JE, Chedraui P, Aedo S, Fica J, Mezones Holguín E, Barón G, Bencosme A, Benítez Z, Bravo LM, Calle A, Flores D, Espinoza MT, Gómez G, Hernández Bueno JA, Laribezcoa F, Martino M, Lima S, Monterrosa A, Mostajo D, Ojeda E, Onatra W, Sánchez H, Tserotas K, Vallejo MS, Witis S, Zúñiga MC. Obesity and its relation to depressive symptoms and sedentary lifestyle in middle-aged women. Maturitas 2015;80(1):100-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.10.007.
• Koo S, Ahn Y, Lim JY, Cho J, Park HY. Obesity associates with vasomotor symptoms in postmenopause but with physical symptoms in perimenopause: A cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2017;17(1):126. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0487-7.
• Moilanen J, Aalto AM, Hemminki E, Aro AR, Raitanen J, Luoto R. Prevalence of menopause symptoms and their association with lifestyle among Finnish middle-aged women. Maturitas 2010;67(4):368-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.08.007.
• Sreerenjini B, Muthulakshmi. Effectiveness of deep breathing and walking exercise in reducing menopausal symptoms among women at Karadivavi, India. IJRMS. 2018;6(4):1203-1206. DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20181029.