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Two White Painted Vessels and Dating of Hamza Tepe Elbistan-Karahöyük Cemeter

Year 2019, Issue: 18, 1 - 14, 01.06.2019

Ali Çifçi

Abstract

The site of Hamza Tepe cemetery is located 10 km north-west of Elbistan district of Kahramanmaraş province and lies to the west of Elbistan Karahöyük settlement. Within the scope of the renewed archaeological excavations at the Elbistan Karahöyük settlement, a test trench was opened at the Hamza Tepe which revealed a cremation cemetery. The archaeological excavations carried out so far in the north-eastern part of Hamza Tepe uncovered mostly urn graves as well as a cremation grave surrounded by stones and a simple pit grave. There are few examples of urns with grave goods. Within those urn graves two white painted vessels were recovered in the tombs number 17 and 29. Similar vessels with concentric circles are encountered in settlements located on the coasts of Cilicia and the Eastern Mediterranean. The vessels are dated to the Middle Iron Age 8th-7th centuries bc and thus play an important role in dating of the Hamza Tepe cemetery.

References

  • Arslan, N. 2010 Kilikya Demir Çağı Seramiği: İthal Boyalı Seramikler ve İlişkiler, İstanbul.
  • Bilgi, Ö. 1991 “Iron Age pottery from Köşkerbaba Höyük”, A. Çilingiroğlu - D. H. French (eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium an International Colloquium at Izmir 4th-8th May 1987, (British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Monograph 13), Oxford: 11-28.
  • Bittel, K. – W. Herre – H. Otten – M. Röhrs – J. Schaeuble 1958 Die hethitischen Grabfunde von Osmankayası, Berlin.
  • Bonomo, A. – F. Zaina 2014 “The Iron Age II-III Pottery Assemblage from Karkemish and Yunus”, N. Marchetti (ed.), Karkemish: An Ancient Capital on the Euphrates. Bologna Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà - Università di Bologna: 137-191.
  • Bouthillier, C. – C. Colantoni – S. Debruyne – C. Glatz,– Mette M. Hald – D. Heslop – E. Kozal – B. Miller – P. Popkin – N. Postgate – Caroline S. Steele – A. Stone 2014 “Further work at Kilise Tepe, 2007–2011: refining the Bronze to Iron Age transition” Anatolian Studies 64: 95-161.
  • Çifçi, A. – A. M. Greaves 2010 “Settlement Patterns in the Second and First Millennia BC Elbistan Plain” Anatolica 36: 89-110.
  • D’Agata, A.L. 2017 “Ovalık Kilikya’da Demir Çağı’ndan Memlüklere Misis’te Ekonomi ve Kurumlar: Teorik Düğümler ve Arkeolojik Kanıtlar” Arkeoloji ve Sanat 155: 1-14.
  • Darga, A. M. 1986 “Karatepe-Azatiwattaya Kalesinin Çanak Çömlek Buluntuları” Anadolu Araştırmaları 10: 371-400.
  • Genz, H. 2004 Büyükkaya: I. Die Keramik der Eisenzeit: Funde aus den Grabungskampagnen 1993 bis 1998, Mainz am Rhein.
  • Gjerstad, E. 1948 The Swedish Cyprus Expedition. Vol. IV. Part. 2. The Cypro-Geometric, Cypro-Archaic and CyproClassical Periods, Stockholm.
  • Grothe, H. 1911 Meine Vorderasien Expedition 1906 & 1907, 1: Die fachwissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse. Leipzig. Hanfmann, G.M.A. 1963
  • “The Iron Age Pottery of Tarsus”, H. Goldman (ed.), Excavations at Gözlu Kule, Tarsus Volume III. Text, The Iron Age: 18-332.
  • Hansen C. K. – J. N. Postgate 1999 “The Bronze to Iron Age Transition at Kilise Tepe” Anatolian Studies (Anatolian Iron Ages 4. Proceedings of the Fourth Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Mersin, 19-23 May 1997) 49: 111-121.
  • Hawkins, J. D. 1993 “The historical significance of the Karahöyük (Elbistan) Stele”, M. J. Mellink - E. Porada - T. Özgüç (eds.), Aspects of Art and Iconography: Anatolia and its Neighbors, Studies in Honor of Nimet Özgüç, Ankara: 273-279.
  • -1998 “Hittites and Assyrians at Melid (Malatya)”, H. Erkanal - V. Dönmez - A. Uğurlu (eds.), 34. International Assyriology Congress, İstanbul, Ankara: 63-78.
  • -2000 Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions Vol. I, Inscription of the Iron Age, Part 1: Text, Introduction, Karatepe, Karkamış, Tell Ahmar, Maraş, Malatya, Commagene. Berlin - New York.
  • Iacouvou, M. 2004 “Phoenicia and Cyprus in the First Millennium BC: Two Distinct Cultures in Search of Their Distinct Archaeologies” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 336: 61-66.
  • Karacic, S. – James F. Osborne 2016 “Eastern Mediterranean Economic Exchange during the Iron Age: Portable X-Ray Fluorescence and Neutron Activation Analysis of Cypriot-Style Pottery in the Amuq Valley, Turkey” PLOSone 11: 1-17.
  • Kassian, A. – A. Korolev – A. Sidel’tsev 2002 Hittite Funerary Ritual sallis wastais. (Alter Orient Und Altes Testament 288) Münster.
  • Manuelli, F. 2010 “Foreign influences and local tradition in the Iron Age pottery production from Arslantepe. Evidence from the new excavations of the Neo-Hittite levels” Mesopotamia (Rivista di Archaeologia, Epigrafia e Store Orientale Antica) XLV: 71-84.
  • Orthmann, W. – H. Helmuth 1967 Das Gräberfeld bei Ilıca. Wiesbaden.
  • Ökse, T. 1988 Mitteleisenzeitliche Keramik Zentral-Ostanatoliens mit dem Schwerpunkt Karakaya-Stauseegebiet am Euphrat (Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient 9), Berlin.
  • Özgüç, T. 1971 Demir Devrinde Kültepe ve Civarı /Kültepe and Its Vicinity in the Iron Age, Ankara.
  • Özgüç, T. - N. Özgüç 1949 Türk Tarih Kurumu Tarafından Yapılan Karahöyük Hafriyatı Raporu 1947. Ausgrabungen in Karahöyük, Bericht über die im Auftrage der Türkischen Geschichts-Komission im 1947 durchgeführten Ausgrabungen. Ankara.
  • Postgate, J. N. – D. E. Thomas 2007a “Level II: The End of the Bronze Age and the Iron Age”, N. Postgate – D. Thomas (eds.), Excavations at Kilise Tepe 1994-98 From Bronze Age to Byzantine in western Cilicia, Volume 1: Text. (McDonald Institute Monograph No. 30): 121-164.
  • -2007b “Artefact Drawings”, N. Postgate – D. Thomas (eds.), Excavations at Kilise Tepe 1994–98, From Bronze Age to Byzantine in Western Cilicia: Volume 2. Appendices, References & Figures. (McDonald Institute Monograph No. 30): 703-814.
  • Puglisi, S.M. – P.Meriggi 1964 Malatya - I Rapporto Preliminare Delle Campagne 1961 e 1962. Centro Per Antighita e La Storia Dell’arte Del Vicino Oriente, Roma.
  • Riis, P.J. 1948 Hama Fouilles et Recherches 1931-1938, Les Cimetières à Crèmation, Copenhague.
  • Sams, G.K. 1994 The Gordion Excavations, 1950-1973: Final Reports IV. The Early Phrygian Pottery, Philadelphia.
  • Schachner, A. 2012 “Die Ausgrabungen in Boğazköy-Hattuşa 2011” Archäologischer Anzeiger: 85-137.
  • -2019 Hattuša Efsanevi Hitit İmparatorluğu’nun İzinde, İstanbul.
  • Taylor, Joan Du Plat 1959 “The Cypriot and Syrian Pottery from Al Mina, Syria” Iraq 21/1: 62-92.
  • Uysal, B. 2017 “Elbistan Karahöyük’te Yapılan Yeni Kazılar Hakkında Genel Bir Değerlendirme”, S. Özkan - H. Hüryılmaz - A. Türker (eds.), Samsat’tan Acemhöyük’e Uygarlıkların İzinde, Aliye Öztan’a Armağan. From Samosata to Acemhöyük Trailing the Ancient Civilizations, Studies Presented to Honour of Aliye Öztan. İzmir: 255-263.
  • Uysal, B. – A. Çifçi 2017 “Elbistan Karahöyük Kazısı 2015” Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 38/2: 35-46.
  • -2018 “Elbistan Karahöyük Kazısı 2016” Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 39/1: 569-578.
  • -2019 “Elbistan Karahöyük Kazısı 2017” Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 40/1: 397-410.
  • Woolley, L. 1939 “The Iron-Age Graves of Carchemish” University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 26: 11-37.

Year 2019, Issue: 18, 1 - 14, 01.06.2019

Ali Çifçi

Abstract

Hamza Tepe mezarlık alanı Kahramanmaraş ili Elbistan ilçesinin 10 km kadar kuzey batısında ve Elbistan Karahöyük yerleşim yerinin batısında bulunur. Karahöyük yerleşim alanında başlatılan yeni dönem arkeolojik kazı projesi kapsamında, höyüğün batısında yer alan Hamza Tepe’de sondaj çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Çalışmalar sonucunda Hamza Tepe’nin bir kremasyon mezarlık alanı olduğu tespit edildi. Hamza Tepe’nin kuzey doğu kesiminde büyük çoğunluğu urne mezar olmak üzere taş çevrili bir kremasyon ile bozulmuş bir toprak mezar açığa çıkarılmıştır. Çalışmalarda Urne mezarların çok az bir kısmında mezar eşyası tespit edildi. Çömlek formunda olan bu urnelerden 17 ve 29 nolu mezarlarda kırık bir şekilde iki adet beyaz astarlı seramik tespit edildi. Gövdeleri üzerinde konsantrik daireler bulunan bu seramiklerin benzerlerine Kilikya ve Doğu Akdeniz kıyılarında bulunan yerleşim yerlerinde rastlanılmaktadır. Orta Demir Çağı’na tarihlenen mö 8-7 yüzyıllar söz konusu kaplar aynı zamanda Hamza Tepe’de ortaya çıkardığımız mezarlık alanın tarihlenmesinde önemli bir rol oynar.

Keywords

Hamza Tepe Urne Beyaz Astarlı Seramik Orta Demir Çağı

References

  • Arslan, N. 2010 Kilikya Demir Çağı Seramiği: İthal Boyalı Seramikler ve İlişkiler, İstanbul.
  • Bilgi, Ö. 1991 “Iron Age pottery from Köşkerbaba Höyük”, A. Çilingiroğlu - D. H. French (eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium an International Colloquium at Izmir 4th-8th May 1987, (British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Monograph 13), Oxford: 11-28.
  • Bittel, K. – W. Herre – H. Otten – M. Röhrs – J. Schaeuble 1958 Die hethitischen Grabfunde von Osmankayası, Berlin.
  • Bonomo, A. – F. Zaina 2014 “The Iron Age II-III Pottery Assemblage from Karkemish and Yunus”, N. Marchetti (ed.), Karkemish: An Ancient Capital on the Euphrates. Bologna Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà - Università di Bologna: 137-191.
  • Bouthillier, C. – C. Colantoni – S. Debruyne – C. Glatz,– Mette M. Hald – D. Heslop – E. Kozal – B. Miller – P. Popkin – N. Postgate – Caroline S. Steele – A. Stone 2014 “Further work at Kilise Tepe, 2007–2011: refining the Bronze to Iron Age transition” Anatolian Studies 64: 95-161.
  • Çifçi, A. – A. M. Greaves 2010 “Settlement Patterns in the Second and First Millennia BC Elbistan Plain” Anatolica 36: 89-110.
  • D’Agata, A.L. 2017 “Ovalık Kilikya’da Demir Çağı’ndan Memlüklere Misis’te Ekonomi ve Kurumlar: Teorik Düğümler ve Arkeolojik Kanıtlar” Arkeoloji ve Sanat 155: 1-14.
  • Darga, A. M. 1986 “Karatepe-Azatiwattaya Kalesinin Çanak Çömlek Buluntuları” Anadolu Araştırmaları 10: 371-400.
  • Genz, H. 2004 Büyükkaya: I. Die Keramik der Eisenzeit: Funde aus den Grabungskampagnen 1993 bis 1998, Mainz am Rhein.
  • Gjerstad, E. 1948 The Swedish Cyprus Expedition. Vol. IV. Part. 2. The Cypro-Geometric, Cypro-Archaic and CyproClassical Periods, Stockholm.
  • Grothe, H. 1911 Meine Vorderasien Expedition 1906 & 1907, 1: Die fachwissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse. Leipzig. Hanfmann, G.M.A. 1963
  • “The Iron Age Pottery of Tarsus”, H. Goldman (ed.), Excavations at Gözlu Kule, Tarsus Volume III. Text, The Iron Age: 18-332.
  • Hansen C. K. – J. N. Postgate 1999 “The Bronze to Iron Age Transition at Kilise Tepe” Anatolian Studies (Anatolian Iron Ages 4. Proceedings of the Fourth Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Mersin, 19-23 May 1997) 49: 111-121.
  • Hawkins, J. D. 1993 “The historical significance of the Karahöyük (Elbistan) Stele”, M. J. Mellink - E. Porada - T. Özgüç (eds.), Aspects of Art and Iconography: Anatolia and its Neighbors, Studies in Honor of Nimet Özgüç, Ankara: 273-279.
  • -1998 “Hittites and Assyrians at Melid (Malatya)”, H. Erkanal - V. Dönmez - A. Uğurlu (eds.), 34. International Assyriology Congress, İstanbul, Ankara: 63-78.
  • -2000 Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions Vol. I, Inscription of the Iron Age, Part 1: Text, Introduction, Karatepe, Karkamış, Tell Ahmar, Maraş, Malatya, Commagene. Berlin - New York.
  • Iacouvou, M. 2004 “Phoenicia and Cyprus in the First Millennium BC: Two Distinct Cultures in Search of Their Distinct Archaeologies” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 336: 61-66.
  • Karacic, S. – James F. Osborne 2016 “Eastern Mediterranean Economic Exchange during the Iron Age: Portable X-Ray Fluorescence and Neutron Activation Analysis of Cypriot-Style Pottery in the Amuq Valley, Turkey” PLOSone 11: 1-17.
  • Kassian, A. – A. Korolev – A. Sidel’tsev 2002 Hittite Funerary Ritual sallis wastais. (Alter Orient Und Altes Testament 288) Münster.
  • Manuelli, F. 2010 “Foreign influences and local tradition in the Iron Age pottery production from Arslantepe. Evidence from the new excavations of the Neo-Hittite levels” Mesopotamia (Rivista di Archaeologia, Epigrafia e Store Orientale Antica) XLV: 71-84.
  • Orthmann, W. – H. Helmuth 1967 Das Gräberfeld bei Ilıca. Wiesbaden.
  • Ökse, T. 1988 Mitteleisenzeitliche Keramik Zentral-Ostanatoliens mit dem Schwerpunkt Karakaya-Stauseegebiet am Euphrat (Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient 9), Berlin.
  • Özgüç, T. 1971 Demir Devrinde Kültepe ve Civarı /Kültepe and Its Vicinity in the Iron Age, Ankara.
  • Özgüç, T. - N. Özgüç 1949 Türk Tarih Kurumu Tarafından Yapılan Karahöyük Hafriyatı Raporu 1947. Ausgrabungen in Karahöyük, Bericht über die im Auftrage der Türkischen Geschichts-Komission im 1947 durchgeführten Ausgrabungen. Ankara.
  • Postgate, J. N. – D. E. Thomas 2007a “Level II: The End of the Bronze Age and the Iron Age”, N. Postgate – D. Thomas (eds.), Excavations at Kilise Tepe 1994-98 From Bronze Age to Byzantine in western Cilicia, Volume 1: Text. (McDonald Institute Monograph No. 30): 121-164.
  • -2007b “Artefact Drawings”, N. Postgate – D. Thomas (eds.), Excavations at Kilise Tepe 1994–98, From Bronze Age to Byzantine in Western Cilicia: Volume 2. Appendices, References & Figures. (McDonald Institute Monograph No. 30): 703-814.
  • Puglisi, S.M. – P.Meriggi 1964 Malatya - I Rapporto Preliminare Delle Campagne 1961 e 1962. Centro Per Antighita e La Storia Dell’arte Del Vicino Oriente, Roma.
  • Riis, P.J. 1948 Hama Fouilles et Recherches 1931-1938, Les Cimetières à Crèmation, Copenhague.
  • Sams, G.K. 1994 The Gordion Excavations, 1950-1973: Final Reports IV. The Early Phrygian Pottery, Philadelphia.
  • Schachner, A. 2012 “Die Ausgrabungen in Boğazköy-Hattuşa 2011” Archäologischer Anzeiger: 85-137.
  • -2019 Hattuša Efsanevi Hitit İmparatorluğu’nun İzinde, İstanbul.
  • Taylor, Joan Du Plat 1959 “The Cypriot and Syrian Pottery from Al Mina, Syria” Iraq 21/1: 62-92.
  • Uysal, B. 2017 “Elbistan Karahöyük’te Yapılan Yeni Kazılar Hakkında Genel Bir Değerlendirme”, S. Özkan - H. Hüryılmaz - A. Türker (eds.), Samsat’tan Acemhöyük’e Uygarlıkların İzinde, Aliye Öztan’a Armağan. From Samosata to Acemhöyük Trailing the Ancient Civilizations, Studies Presented to Honour of Aliye Öztan. İzmir: 255-263.
  • Uysal, B. – A. Çifçi 2017 “Elbistan Karahöyük Kazısı 2015” Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 38/2: 35-46.
  • -2018 “Elbistan Karahöyük Kazısı 2016” Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 39/1: 569-578.
  • -2019 “Elbistan Karahöyük Kazısı 2017” Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 40/1: 397-410.
  • Woolley, L. 1939 “The Iron-Age Graves of Carchemish” University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 26: 11-37.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Publication Board
Authors

Ali Çifçi

Publication Date June 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 18

Cite

EndNote Çifçi A (June 1, 2019) Two White Painted Vessels and Dating of Hamza Tepe Elbistan-Karahöyük Cemeter. Colloquium Anatolicum 18 1–14.