Şanlıurfa İlinin Yılanları

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 36 - 61, 29.06.2020

Fatma Üçeş , Mehmet Zülfü Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.725036

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında, Şanlıurfa ilinde yapılan arazi çalışmaları sonucunda toplanan ve daha önceki yıllarda (2004-2015) ZMADYU (Zoology Museum of Adıyaman University) müzesinde kayıtlı bulunan 21 yılan türüne ait toplam 170 örnek incelenmiştir. İncelenen örneklerden 9’u Typhlopidae, 17’si Leptotyphlopidae, 9’u Boidae, 112’si Colubridae, 14’ü Natricidae, 4’ü Psammophiidae, 1’i Elapidae ve 5’i Viperidae familyasına aittir. Yapılan arazi çalışmaları sonucunda, Rhynchocalamus satunini (Atkılı Toprak Yılan) Şanlıurfa ilinden bu çalışma ile ilk kez tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde verilen Zamenis hohenackeri (Strauch, 1873) türüne ait herhangi bir örnek bu çalışmada gözlenememiştir. Örneklerin renk-desen özellikleri belirlenmiş, bazı metrik ve meristik karakterleri ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca gözlenen türlerle ilgili bazı ekolojik ve biyolojik bilgilere de yer verilmiştir.

Keywords

Dağılış, Sistematik, Endemik, Ekoloji

Supporting Institution

Adıyaman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

BAPYL 2017/0002

Thanks

Bu çalışma birinci yazarın Yüksek lisans tez çalışmasından üretilmiştir. Bu projenin arazi çalışmalarının bir bölümü, Orman ve Su işleri Bakanlığı Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından yürütülen, “Şanlıurfa ilinin Karasal ve İç Su Ekosistemleri Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Envanter ve İzleme projesi” kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arazi çalışmalarına yardımlarından dolayı, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Naşit İĞCİ’ye Mehmet Akif BOZKURT’a, Şehriban ÇAKMAK’a ve harita çizimindeki yardımından dolayı sayın Eren GERMEÇ’e, tür fotoğraflarını dizayn eden Doç. Dr. Serdar SÖNMEZ’e ve DKMP Şanlıurfa şube personeline, EK II’de adı geçen türleri toplamamıza yardım eden herkese teşekkürü borç biliriz. Bu çalışma, Adıyaman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü tarafından BAPYL 2017/0002 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

Snakes of Şanlıurfa Province

Abstract

In this study, a total of 170 specimens belonging to 21 snake species that have been collected from Şanlıurfa province between 2016 and 2017 as well as during the previous years (2004-2015) and preserved in ZMADYU (Zoology Museum of Adıyaman University) were examined. Nine of the specimens examined were belong to Typhlopidae, 17 to Leptotyphlopidae, 9 to Boidae, 112 to Colubridae, 14 Natricidae, 4 Psammophiidae, 1 to Elapidae, and 5 to Viperidae families. As a result of the field studies, Satunin's Black-Headed Dwarf Snake, Rhynchocalamus satunini (Nikolsky, 1899) was reported for the first time from Şanlıurfa province. The specimen belonging to Zamenis hohenackeri (Strauch, 1873) given in the literature could not be observed during this study. The color-pattern and some metric and meristic measurements of the specimens were taken. In addition, ecological and biological information has been given on the species observed.

Keywords

Distribution, Systematic, Endemic, Ecology

Project Number

BAPYL 2017/0002

References

• Adalsteinsson, S.A., Branch, W.R., Trape, S., Vitt, L.J., & Hedges, S.B. (2009). Molecular Phylogeny, Classification, and Biogeography of Snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata). Zootaxa, 2244, 1-50.
• Afroosheh, M., Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Ghoreishi, S.K., & Kami, H.G. (2013). Comparison of geographic variations in Typhlops vermicularis (Merrem, 1820) (Ophidia: Typhlopidae) from the Iranian plateau with Turkey and Turkmenistan. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 37, 685-692.
• Afsar, M., & Tok, C.V. (2011). The Herpetofauna of the Sultan Mountains (Afyon-Konya-Isparta) Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 35(4), 491-501.
• Afsar, M., Çiçek, K., Tayhan, Y., & Tok, C.V. (2016). New records of Eurasian Blind Snake, Xerotyphlops vermicularis (Merrem, 1820) from the Black Sea region of Turkey and its updated distribution. Biharean Biologist, 10(2), 98-103.
• Akman, B., & Göçmen, B. (2019). Comparison of the Blind Snake Populations, Xerotyphlops vermicularis (Merrem, 1820) (Squamata: Typhlopidae) in Turkey and Cyprus: Morphology, Serology, Ecology, and Geometric Morphometrics. Commagene Journal of Biology, 3(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.522170
• Akman, B., Yıldız, M.Z., İğci, N., Tel, A.Z., Adızel, Ö., Bulum, E., & Göçmen, B. (2016). Van kertenkelesi (Darevskia sapphirina)’nin bazı ekolojik özellikleri. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Tarımsal Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 4(1), 20-32.
• Akman, B., Yıldız, M.Z, Özcan, A.F., Bozkurt, M.A., İğci, N., & Göçmen, B. (2018). The Herpetofauna of the East Anatolian Province of Bitlis (Turkey). Herpetozoa, 31(1/2), 69-82.
• Akman, B., Çakmak, M., & Yıldız, M.Z. (2020). On the Herpetofauna of the Central Anatolian Province of Kırıkkale (Turkey) (Amphibia; Reptilia). Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(2), 70-78.
• Ananjeva, N.B., Orlov, N.L., Khalikov, R.G., Darevsky, I.S. Ryabov, S.A., & Barabanov, A.V. (2006). The Reptiles of Northern Eurasia Taxonomic Diversity, Distribution, Conservation Status. Sofia, Bulgaria, Pensoft publishing, 247 pp.
• Arıkan, H., & Çiçek, K. (2010). Morphology of peripheral blood cells from various species of Turkish Herpetofauna. Acta Herpetologica, 5(2), 179-198.
• Atatür, M., & Göçmen, B. (2001). Kuzey Kıbrıs’ın Kurbağa ve Sürüngenleri. İzmir, Türkiye, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 63 pp.
• Avcı, A., Ilgaz, Ç., Kumlutaş, Y., Olgun, K., & Baran, İ. (2007). Morphology and distribution of Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus satunini (Nikolsky, 1899) in Turkey. Herpetozoa, 20(2), 82–86.
• Avcı, A. (2008). Doğu Akdeniz (Hatay, Osmaniye, Adana, Mersin, Kilis ve Gaziantep)’deki Bazı Eirenis (Reptilia: Serpentes) Türlerinin (E. aurolineatus, E. barani, E. coronelloides, E. eiselti, E. levantinus) Taksonomik Durumu (Doktora Tezi). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın, Türkiye.
• Avcı, A., & Olgun, K. (2011). On Additional Specimens of Eirenis (Pediophis) coronelloides (Serpentes: Colubridae) Collected from Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey, with a Discussion of its Status. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 18(1), 73–79.
• Avcı, A., Ilgaz, Ç., Rajabizadeh, M., Yılmaz, C, Üzüm, N., Adriaens, D., Kumlutaş, Y., & Olgun, K. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and micro-CT scanning revealed extreme cryptic biodiversity in Kukri snake, Muhtarophis gen. nov., a new genus for Rhynchocalamus barani (Serpentes: Colubridae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 22, 159–174.
• Avcı, A., Üzüm, N., Bozkurt, E., & Olgun, K. (2018). The Herpetofauna of Poorly Known Tunceli Province (Turkey). Russian Journal Herpetology, 25(1), 17-25.
• Bannikov, A.G., Darevskij, I.S., Iszczenko, B.G., Rustamov, A.K., & Szczerbak, N.N. (1977). Opredelitel zemnovodnykh i presmykajuszczikhsja fauny SSSR [Determination guide to the amphibians and reptiles of the fauna of the USSR]. Prosveszczenje, Moskva [Moscow], 414 pp.
• Baran, İ. (1976). Türkiye Yılanlarının Taksonomik Revizyonu ve Coğrafi Yayılışları. Ankara, Türkiye, TÜBİTAK Yayınları, 177 pp.
• Baran, İ. (1982). Zur Taxonomie Der Schlangen in Südost-und Ost-Anatolien. Spixiana, 5(1), 51-59.
• Baran, İ., & Atatür, M.K. (1998). Türkiye Herpetofaunası (Kurbağa ve Sürüngenler). Ankara, Türkiye, T.C. Çevre Bakanlığı, 214 pp.
• Baran, İ., Kumlutaş, Y., Ilgaz, Ç, Türkozan, O., & Avcı, A. (2004). New locality records extended the distribution of some ophidians in Southeastern Anatolia. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 11, 6-9.
• Baran İ., Kumlutaş, Y., Lanza, B., Sindaco, R., Ilgaz, Ç., Avci, A., & Crucitti, P. (2005a). Acanthodactylus harranensis, A New Species of Lizard from Southeastern Turkey (Reptilia: Sauria: Lacertidae). Bolletino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, 23(1), 323-341.
• Baran, İ., Kumlutaş, Y., Ilgaz, Ç &. İret, F. (2005b). Geographical distributions and taxonomical states of Telescopus fallax (Fleischman, 1831) and Vipera barani Böhme-Joger, 1983. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 29, 217-224.
• Baran, İ., Kumlutaş, Y., Ilgaz, Ç., & Avcı, A. (2006). Second record of Walterinnesia aegyptia LASTASTE 1887 from southeastern Anatolia. Herpetozoa, 19(1/2), 87-90.
• Baran, İ., Ilgaz, Ç., Avcı, A., Kumlutaş, Y., & Olgun, K. (2012). Türkiye Amfibi ve Sürüngenleri. Ankara, Türkiye, TÜBİTAK Yayınları, 204 pp.
• Barbour, T. (1914). Notes on some reptiles from Sinai and Syria. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 5, 73–92.
• Başoğlu, M., & Baran, İ. (1977). Türkiye Sürüngenleri, Kısım I, Kaplumbağa ve Kertenkeleler. İzmir, Türkiye, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 272 pp.
• Başoğlu, M., & Baran, İ. (1980). Türkiye Sürüngenleri, Kısım 2, Yılanlar. İzmir, Türkiye, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 218 pp.
• Bern, (2020). Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. Retrieved from www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/104
• Bird, C.G. (1936). The Distribution of Reptiles and Amphibians in Asiatic Turkey, with Notes on a Collection from the Vilayets of Adana, Gaziantep, and Malatya. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10(18), 257-281.
• Bodenheimer, F.S. (1944). Introduction into the knowledge of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Turkey. Review of the Faculty of Science, University of Istanbul, Series B 9, 1-78.
• Boettger, O. (1880). Die Reptilien und Amphibien von Syrien, Palaestina und Cypern. Berichte über die Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft in Frankfurt, 132-219.
• Boulenger, G.A. (1893). Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). London, England, British Museum of Natural History, 448 pp.
• Bozkurt, M.A. (2018). Şanlıurfa Kızılkuyu yaban hayatı koruma ve geliştirme sahasının herpetofaunası (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Harran Üniversitesi, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye.
• Böhme, W. (1973). Erstnachweis zweier Eidechsengattungen für die Türkei. Bonner zoologische Beiträge, 4, 394-398.
• Broadley D.G., & Wallach, V. (2007). A Review of East and Central African Species of Letheobia Cope, Revived from the Synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with Description of Five New Species (Serpentes: Yyphlopidae). Zootaxa, 1515, 31-68.
• Budak, A., & Göçmen, B. (2008). Herpetoloji. İzmir, Türkiye, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 226 pp.
• Candan, K., Gül, S., & Kumlutaş, Y. (2019). New Locality Records for Eirenis occidentalis (Rajabizadeh, Nagy, Adriaens, Avcı, Masroor, Schmidtler, Nazarov, Esmaeili & Christiaens, 2015) and Eirenis punctatolineatus (Boettger, 1892) (Squamata: Colubridae) from eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Biharean Biologist, 13(1), 22-27.
• Çakmak, M., Akman, B., & Yıldız, M.Z. (2017). Herpetofauna of Bartın (Northwhest Blakcsea Region, Turkey). South Western Journal of Horticulture, Biology and Environment, 8(2), 89-102.
• Carranza, S., Arnold, E.N., & Pleguezuelos, J.M. (2006). Phylogeny, biogeography, and evolution of two Mediterranean snakes, Malpolon monspessulanus and Hemorrhois hippocrepis (Squamata, Colubridae), using mtDNA Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 450(2), 532-546.
• Cihan, D., & Tok, C.V. (2014). Herpetofauna of the vicinity of Akşehir and Eber (Konya, Afyon), Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38(2), 234-241.
• Cites, (1975). The Convention on international Trade in Endangered Species of Wild fauna and flora. Retrieved from https://www.cites.org/
• Chikin, Y., & Szczerbak, N.N. (1992). New subspecies of blunt-nosed viper, Vipera lebetina chernovi ssp. nov. (Reptilia, Viperidae) from Middle Asia. Vestnik Zoologii, 6, 45-49.
• Clark, R.J., & Clark, E.D. (1973). Report on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Turkey. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 104, 1-6.
• Darevsky, I.S. (1970). Systematic status of Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus satunini Nikolsky (Serpentes, Colubridae) previously included in the genus Oligodon. Zoologicheskiĭ zhurnal, 49, 1685-1690.
• Dinçaslan, Y.E. (2005). Göller Bölgesi Natix natrix ve Natrix tessellata (Ophidia: Colubridae) Türlerinin Morfolojisi, Ekolojisi, Beslenme ve Üreme Biyolojisi Üzerine Araştırmalar (Doktora Tezi). Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir, Türkiye.
• Dinçaslan, Y.E., Arıkan, H., Uğurtaş, İ.H., & Mebert, K. (2011). Morphology and Blood Proteins of Dice Snakes from Western Turkey. Mertensiella, 18, 370-382.
• Disi, A.M., Modry, D., Necas, P., & Rifai, L. (2001). Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 408 pp.
• Dotsenko, I.B. (1989). A review of the genus Eirenis (Reptilia, Colubridae) (Russian). Vestnik Zoologii, 5, 23–29.
• Dowling, H.G. (1951). A proposed standard of counting ventrals in snakes. British Journal of Herpetology, 1, 97-99.
• Duméril, A.M.C., Bibron, G., & Duméril, A.H.A. (1854). Erpétologie générale ou Histoire Naturelle complète des Reptiles. Paris, France, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, 780 pp.
• Eiselt, J. (1965). Einige Amphibien und reptilien aus der nordöstlichen Türkei, gesammelt von Herrn H. Steiner. Annalen Des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 68, 387-399.
• Eiselt, J. (1970). Ergebnisse zoologischer Sammelreisen in der Türkei: Bemerkenswerte Funde von Reptilien I. Annalen Des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 74, 343-355.
• Eksilmez, H., Altunışık, A., & Özdemir, N. (2017). The Herpetofauna of Karçal Mountains (Artvin/Turkey). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(1), 1-5.
• Erişmiş, U.C. (2017). Herpetofauna of the Province of Kütahya, Turkey. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 11(1), 33-38.
• Eser, Ö. (2009). Başkomutan tarihi milli parkının (Kocatepe Bölümü) Herpetofaunası (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye.
• Franzen, M., & Bischoff, W. (1995). Erstnachweis von Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus melanocephalus für die Türkei. Salamandra, 31, 107–122.
• Franzen, M. (1999). A record of Spalerosophis diadema (Reptilia: Colubridae) from Adıyaman province, Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East, 19, 33-36.
• Franzen, M. (2000). Erstnachweis der Gattung Rhinotyphlops FITZINGER 1843 für die Türkei (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Salamandra, 36(2), 103-112.
• Franzen, M., & Wallach, V. (2002). A New Rhinotyphlops from Southeastern Turkey (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Journal of Herpetology, 36(2), 176–184.
• Franzen, M., & Glaw, F. (2007). Type catalogue of reptiles in the Zoologische Staatssammlung München. Spixiana, 30(2), 201-274.
• Franzen, M., Bußmann, M., Kordges, T., & Thiesmeier, B. (2008). Die Amphibien und Reptilien der Südwest-Türkei. Bielefeld, Germany, Laurenti-Verlag, 328 pp.
• Göçmen, B., Tosunoğlu, M., & Ayaz, D. (2002). First Record of the Leopard Gecko, Eublepharis angramainyu (Reptilia: Sauria: Eublepharidae), from Anatolia. Herpetological Journal, 12(2), 79-80.
• Göçmen, B., Arıkan, H., Mermer, A., Langerwarf, B., & Bahar, H. (2006). Morphological, Hemipenial and Venom Electrophoresis Comparisons of the Levantine Viper, Macrovipera lebetina (Linnaeus, 1758), from Cyprus and Southern Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30, 225-234.
• Göçmen, B., Nilson, G., Yıldız, M.Z., Arikan, H., Yalçınkaya, D., & Akman, B. (2007). On the occurrence of the black cat snake, Telescopus nigriceps (Ahl, 1924) (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey with some taxonomical comments. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 3(2), 81-95.
• Göçmen, B., Franzen, M., Yıldız, M.Z., Akman, B., & Yalçınkaya, D. (2009). New locality records of eremial snake species in southeastern Turkey (Ophidia: Colubridae, Elapidae, Typhlopidae, Leptotyphlopidae). Salamandra, 45(2), 110-114.
• Göçmen, B., Çiçek, K., Yıldız, M.Z., Atatür, M.K., Dinçarslan, Y.E., & Mebert, K. (2011). A preliminary study on the feeding biology of the Dice Snake, Natrix tessellata, in Turkey. Mertensiella, 18, 365-369.
• Göçmen, B., İğci, N., Akman, B., & Oğuz, M.A. (2013). New Locality Records of Snakes (Ophidia: Colubridae: Dolichophis, Eirenis) in Eastern Anatolia. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 9(2), 276-283.
• Göçmen, B., Mebert, K., İğci, N., Akman, B., Yıldız, M.Z., Oğuz, M.A., & Altin, Ç. (2014). New locality records for four rare species of Vipers (Reptilia: Viperidae) in Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East, 60(4), 306-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2003.10637953
• Gür, H. (2017). Anadolu Diyagonali: Bir biyocoğrafik sınırın anatomisi. Kebikeç, 43, 177-187.
• Haas, G. (1943). On a Collection of Reptiles from Palestine, Transjordan and Sinai. Copeia, 1, 10-15.
• Hecht, G. (1930). Systematik, Ausbreitungsgeschichte und Ökologie der europaeischen Arten der Gattung Tropidonotus. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin,16, 244-393.
• Hedges, S.B., Marion, A.B., Lipp, K.M. Marin, J., & Vidal, N. (2014). A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology, 49, 1-6.
• Hür, H., Uğurtaş, İ.H., & İşbilir, A. (2008). The Amphibian And Reptile Species of Kazdağı National Park. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 32(3), 359-362.
• Ilgaz, Ç., Baran, İ., Kumlutaş, Y., & Avcı, A. (2005a). A New Record Of Mesalina brevirostris (Reptılıa: Saurıa: Lacertıdae) From Southeastern Anatolıa. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 12(3), 230–236.
• Ilgaz, Ç., Baran, I., Avcı, A., & Kumlutaş, Y. (2005b). Occurence of Telescopus nigriceps (Ahl, 1924) (Reptilia Ophidia Colubridae), the black-headed cat snake, in Turkey. Israel Journal of Zoology, 51, 238-239.
• Ilgaz, Ç., Avcı, A., Kumlutaş, Y., Baran, İ., & Özdemir, A. (2007). New locality records extended the distribution of Telescopus nigriceps (Ahl, 1924), Black Headed Cat Snake, in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 14(3), 207-210.
• Ilgaz, Ç., Kumlutaş, Y., Avcı, A., Baran, İ., & Özdemir, A. (2008). The Morphology and Distribution of Varanus griseus (DAUDIN, 1803) (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae) in Southeastern Anatolia. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 15(3), 173–178.
• Ilgaz, Ç. (2019). Endemism Status in the Reptile Fauna of Turkey. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 9(3), 1243-1252.
• IUCN, (2020). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-1. www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/104 Retrieved from http://www.iucnredlist.org.
• İğci, N., Göçmen, B., Akman, B., Demirsoy, A., & Oğuz, M.A. (2015). Range extension of four species of snakes (Ophidia: Eirenis, Pseudocyclophis, Platyceps) in Eastern Anatolia. Biharean Biologist, 9(2), 166-169.
• Jan, G. (1862). Enumerazione sistematico delle specie d’ofidi del gruppo Calamaridae. Archivio per la. Zoologia, I’ anatomia e la fisiologia, 2(1), 1-76.
• Joger, U. (1984). The venomous snakes of the Near and Middle East. (pp. 1-112). In: Reichert, L. (ed.) Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, 12, A. Naturwissenschaften, Weisbaden.
• Khan, M.S. (1997). Taxonomic Notes on Pakistani Snakes of the Coluber karelini-rhodorachis-ventromaculatus Species Complex: A New Approach to the Problem. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 7, 51–60.
• Khan, M.S. (2004). Annotated Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Pakistan. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 10, 191-201.
• Koç, H., Bülbül, U., & Aslan, Z. (2020). Easternmost Locality Record and Morphological Data of Cyrtopodion scabrum (Heyden, 1827) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, 4(1), 1-6.
• Kornilios, P., Ilgaz, Ç., Kumlutaş, Y., Giokas, S., Fraguedakis-Tsolis, S., & Chondropoulos, B. (2011). The Role of Anatolian Refugia in Herpetofaunal Diversity: an mtDNA Analysis of Typhlops vermicularis Merrem, 1820 (Squamata, Typhlopidae). Amphibia-Reptilia, 32, 351-363.
• Kornilios, P., Ilgaz, Ç., Kumlutaş, Y., Lymberakis, P., Moravec, J., Sindaco, R., Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Afroosheh, M., Giokas, S., Fraguedakis-Tsolis, S., & Chondropoulos, B. (2012). Neogene climatic oscillations shape the biogeography and evolutionary history of the Eurasian blindsnake. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 856–873.
• Kumlutaş, Y., Taşkavak, E., Baran, İ., Ilgaz, Ç., & Avcı, A. (2002). First Record of Blanford’s Short-nosed Desert Lizard Mesalina brevirostris BLANFORD, 1874, from Anatolia. Herpetozoa, 15(3/4), 171-178.
• Kumlutaş, Y., Öz, M., Tunç, M.R., Özdemir, A., & Düşen, S. (2004). On snake species of the Western taurus range, Turkey. Natura Croatica, 1, 19-33.
• Kumlutaş, Y., Ilgaz, Ç., & Yakar, O. (2017). Herpetofauna of Karabük Province. Acta Biologica Turcica, 30(4), 102-107.
• Latifi, M. (1991). The snakes of Iran. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles., Ohio, USA, Oxford press, 159 pp.
• Leviton, A.E., Anderson, S.C., Adler, K., & Minton, S.A. (1992). Handbook to Middle East Amphibians and Reptiles. Ohio, USA, Oxford press, 252 pp.
• Mahlow, K., Tillack, F., Friedrich, J., & Müller, S. (2013). An annotated checklist, description and key to the dwarf snakes of the genus Eirenis JAN, 1863 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae), with special emphasis on the dentition. Vertebrate Biology, 63(1), 41-85.
• Mallow, D., Ludwig, D., & Nilson, G. (2003). True Vipers Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers., Florida, USA, Kriger Publishing Company, 410 pp.
• Mediani, M., Fahd, S., Chevalier, F., Qninba, A., & Samlali, M.L. (2013). New distribution limit of Clifford’s diadem snake Spalerosophis diadema (Serpentes: Colubridae) in southern Morocco. Herpetology Notes, 6, 453-456.
• Merrem, B. (1820). Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien: Tentamen systematis amphibiorum. bei Joham Christian Kriege, Marburg, 191 pp.
• Mertens, R. (1940). Bemerkungen uber einige Schlangen aus Iran. Senckenbergiana, 22(1/6), 244-259.
• Mertens, R. (1952). Amphibien und Reptilien aus der Türkei. Review of the Faculty of Science, University of İstanbul Série B. 17, 41-75.
• Mertens, R., & Wermuth, H. (1960). Die Amphibien und Reptilien Europas. Frankfurt, Germany, Verlag Waldemar Kramer, 252 pp.
• Mertens, R., & Müller, L. (1928). Liste der Amphibien und Reptilien Europas. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 41(1), 1-62.
• Mulder, J. (1995). Herpetological observations in Turkey (1987-1995). Deinsea, 2, 51-66.
• Nagy, Z.T., Lawson, R., Joger, U., & Wink, M. (2004). Molecular systematics of racers, whipsnakes and relatives (Reptilia: Colubriadae) using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 42, 223-233.
• Nilson, G., Andren, C., & Flardh, B. (1988). Die Vipern Der Turkei. Salamandra, 24(4), 215-247.
• Nilson, G., Rastegar-Pouyani, N. (2007). Walterinnesia aegyptia Lataste, 1887 (Ophidia: Elapidae) and the Status of Naja morgani Mocquard, 1905. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 14(1), 7-14.
• Özcan, S., & Üzüm, N. (2014). The herpetofauna of Madran Mountain (Aydın, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38(1), 108-113.
• Rajabizadeh, M., Nagy, Z.T., Adriaens, D., Avci, A., Masroor, R., Schmidtler, J., Nazarov, R., Esmaeili, H.R., & Christiaens, J. (2016). Alpine–Himalayan orogeny drove correlated morphological, molecular, and ecological diversification in the Persian dwarf snake (Squamata: Serpentes: Eirenis persicus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 176(4), 878-913.
• Reed, C.A., & Marx, H. (1959). A Herpetological Collection from Northeastern Iraq. Transactions of The Kansas Academy of Science, 62(1), 91-122.
• Rhadi, F.A., Mohammed, R.G., Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Rastegar-Pouyani E., & Hosseinian Yousefkhani, S.S. (2017). On the Snake Fauna of Central and Southern Iraq and Some Zoogeographic Remarks. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 24(4), 251-266.
• Sami, E., Yıldız, M.Z., Sarıkaya, B., Özcan, A.F., & Göçmen, B. (2015). Adıyaman İlinin Kurbağa ve Sürüngenleri Hakkında Ön Çalışma. II. Ulusal Zooloji Kongresi, 28-31 Ağustos 2015, Afyon, Türkiye.
• Sarıkaya, B., Yıldız, M.Z., & Sezen, G. (2017). The Herpetofauna of Adana Province (Turkey). Commagene Journal of Biology, 1(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.391784
• Schätti, B. (1988). Systematik und Evolution der Schlangengattung Hierophis Fitzinger, 1843 (PhD Thesis). Zürich Üniversitesi, Zürich, Switzerland.
• Schätti, B., & Agasian, A. (1985). Ein neues Konzept für den Coluber ravergieri-Coluber nummifer-Komplex (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae). Zoologische Abhandlungen Museum Tierkunde Dresden, 40(9), 109-123.
• Schätti, B., & Utiger, U. (2001). Hemerophis, a new genus for Zamenis socotrae Günther, and a contribution to the phylogeny of old World racers, whip snakes, and related genera. Revue Suisse de Zoologie Genève, 108, 919-948.
• Schätti, B., Baran, İ., & Maunoir, P. (2001). Taxonomie, Morphologie und Verbreitung der Masken-Schlanknatter Coluber (s.l.) collaris (Müller, 1878). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108, 1–30.
• Schätti, B., Stutz, A., & Charvet, C. (2005). Morphologie, Verbreitung und Systematik der Schlanknatter Platyceps najadum (Eichwald, 1831) (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 112(3), 573-625.
• Schätti, B. (2006). Racer populations from the Levant to the Caspian region reterred to Platyceps ventromaculatus (Gray, 1834) (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 113(3), 675-691.
• Schätti, B., & Tillack, F. (2010). Coluber nummifer Reuss, 1834 (currently Hemorrhois nummifer; Reptilia, Serpentes): proposed conservation of the specific name. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 67, 44-52.
• Schmidt, K.P. (1939). Reptiles and amphibians from Southwestern Asia. Publication. Field Museum of Natural History Zoological series, 24, 49-92.
• Schmidtler, J.F., & Schmidtler, J.J. (1978). Eine neue Zwergnatter aus der Türkei; miteiner Übersicht über die Gattung Eirenis (Colubridae, Rept.). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 81, 383-400.
• Schmidtler, J.F., & Lanza, B. (1990). A new Dwarf-Snake (Eirenis) from Lake Van in Eastern Turkey. Amphibia-Reptilia, 11(4), 363-371.
• Schmidtler, J.F., & Eiselt, J. (1991). Zur Systematik und Verbreitung ostanatolischer Zwergnattern; mit Beschreibung von Eirenis hakkariensis n. sp. Salamandra, 27, 225-237.
• Schmidtler, J.F. (1993).Zur Systematic und Phylogenie des Eirenis-modestus-Komplexes in Sud-Anatolien. Spixiana, 16, 79-96.
• Schmidtler, J.F. (1997). Die Zwergnattern (Eirenis modestus-Komplex) des Antitaurus in SudAnatolien und ihre geographischen Beziehungen zur begleitenden Herpetofauna. Salamandra, 33, 33-60.
• Steindachner, F. (1905). Eidechsen, Schlangen und Batrachier. In: Penther, A., & E. Zederbauer: Ergebnisse einer naturwissenschaftlichen Reise zum Erdschias-Dagh (Kleinasien). Annalen Des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 20, 307-309.
• Sindaco, R., Venchi, A.G., Carpaneto, M., & Bologna, M.A. (2000). The reptiles of Anatolia: a checklist and zoogeographical analysis. Biogeographia, 21, 441-554. https://doi.org/10.21426/B6110017
• Sivan, N., & Werner, Y.L. (2003). Revision of the middle-eastern dwarf-snakes commonly assigned to Eirenis coronella (Colubridae). Zoology in the Middle East, 28, 39-59.
• Šmíd, J., Martínez, G., Gebhart, J., Aznar, J., Gállego, J., Göçmen, B., De Pous, P., Tamar, K., & Carranza, S. (2015). Phylogeny of the genus Rhynchocalamus (Reptilia; Colubridae) with a first record from the Sultanate of Oman. Zootaxa, 4033, 380-392.
• Stümpel, N., & Joger, U. (2009). Recent advances in phylogeny and taxonomy of Near and Middle Eastern Vipers-an update. ZooKeys, 31, 179–191.
• Tamar, K., Šmíd, J., Göçmen, B., Meiri, S., & Carranza, S. (2016). An integrative systematic revision and biogeography of Rhynchocalamus snakes (Reptilia, Colubridae) with a description of a new species from Israel. PeerJ Life & Environment, 2769, 1-37.
• Tayhan, Y., Dinçaslan, Y.E., Avcı, A., & Tok, C.V. (2011). A new record of Eirenis (Pediophis) eiselti Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1978 (Ophidia: Colubridae), in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Biharean Biologist, 5(1), 1-3.
• Tokar, A.A. (1991). A revision of the subspecies structure of Javelin Sand Boa, Eryx jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Reptilia, Boidae). Herpetological Researches, 1, 18–41.
• Tokar, A.A. & Obst, F.J. (1993). Eryx jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758)–Westliche Sand boa. In: Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Euro pas, Band 3/I., Schlangen (Serpentes) I. (Ed.: Böhme, W.). Aula-Verlag. Wiesbaden, 35–53.
• Tok, C.V. (1995). Reşadiye (Datça) Yarımadası’nın Herpetofaunası. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 19, 119-121.
• Tok, C.V., Atatür, M.K., Durmuş, C. (2002). On an Asaccus elisae (Werner, 1895) (Sauria: Gekkonidae) Specimen Collected from the Vicinity of Nusaybin, Mardin. Turkish journal of Zoology, 26, 315-316.
• Tok, C.V., & Çiçek, K. (2014). Amphibians and reptiles in the province of Çanakkale (Marmara Region, Turkey). Herpetozoa, 27(1/2), 65-76.
• Torki, F., Ahmadzadeh, F., Ilgaz, Ç., Avcı, A., & Kumlutaş, Y. (2011). Description of four new Asaccus Dixon and Anderson, 1973 (Reptilia: Phyllodactylidae) from Iran and Turkey. Amphibia-Reptilia, 32, 185-202.
• Tiedemann, F. (1991). First record of Acanthodactylus opheodurus ARNOLD, 1980, and Coluber ventromaculatus GRAY, 1834 (Squamata: Lacertidae, Colubridae) from the United Arab Emirates. Herpetozoa, 4, 167-175.
• Tzarewsky, S. Th. (1916). Aperçu des représentants du genre Eryx, principalement de l’Empire Russe et des pays limitrophes [in Russian]. Annuairedu Musée Zoologique del’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Petrograd, 20, 340–388.
• Uetz, P., Freed, P., & Hošek, J. (eds.) (2019). The Reptile Database, Retrieved from, http://www.reptile-database.org.
• Uğurtaş, İ.H., Papenfuss, T.J., & Orlov, N.L. (2001). New record of Walterinnesia aegyptia Lataste, 1887 (Ophidia: Elapidae: Bungarinae) in Turkey. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 8(3), 239–245.
• Uğurtaş, İ.H., Sevinç, M., Öz, M., & Kaya, S.R. (2006). New Localities for Leptotyphlops macrorhyncus (JAN, 1862) (Reptilia: Leptotyphlopidae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30, 373–376.
• Uğurtaş, İ.H., Yıldırım, H.S., & Sevinç, M. (2007). Distribution of the Gekkonidae Species in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey, and New Localities. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 31(2), 137-141.
• Ünsal, P. (2005). Ankara ili yılanları (Reptilia: Ophidia) (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye.
• Üzüm, N., Avcı, A., Ilgaz, Ç., & Olgun, K. (2008). A new specimen of Eublepharis angramainyu Anderson et Leviton, 1966 (Reptilia: Sauria: Eublepharidae), Leopard gecko, in south eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 15(2), 129-132.
• Venzmer, G. (1919). Zur Schlangenfauna Süd-Kleinasiens, speziell des cilicischen Taurus. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 11(83), 95-122.
• Vigna Taglianti, A., Audisia, P., Biondi, M., Bologna, M.A., Carpaneto, G.M., De Biase, A., Fattorini, S., Piattelia, E., Sindaco, R., Venchi, A., & Zapporoli, M. (1999). A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic region. Biogeographia, 20, 31–59.
• Werner, F. (1898). Ueber einige neue Reptilien und einen neuen Frosch aus dem cilicischen Tarus. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 21, 217–223.
• Werner, F. (1902). Die Reptilien und Amphibienfauna von Kleinasien. Academie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 1067-1068.
• Werner, F. (1903). Über Reptilien und Batrachier aus Westasien (Anatolien und Persien). Zoologische Jahrbücher Systematik, 19, 329-346.
• Werner, F. (1919). Reptilien und Amphibien aus dem Amanus-Gebirge. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 85, 130-141.
• Werner Y. L. (1988). Herpetofaunal survey of Israel (1950 – 1985), with comments on Sinai and Jordan and on zoogeographical heterogeneity, in: Y. Yom-Tov, E. Tchernov (eds.), The Zoogeography of Israel (pp 355-387), Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, Holland.
• Wettstein, O. (1953). Herpetologia aegaea. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 162, 651-833.
• Woerkom, van A.B. (1982). The snakes of the genus Malpolon. Litteratur Serpentium, 2, 167–179.
• Yıldız, M.Z., Göçmen, B., Akman, B., & Yalçınkaya, D. (2007). New Localities For Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) In Anatolia, Turkey, With Notes On Their Morphology. North-Western Journal of Zoology,3(1), 24-33.
• Yıldız, M.Z., Göçmen, B., & Akman, B. (2009). Taxonomical comments on Sudan beaked worm snake, Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus (Jan&Sordelli, 1860) (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae) from Anatolia, Turkey. Biharean Biologist, 3(2), 151-156.
• Yıldız, M.Z. (2011). Distribution and Morphology of Platyceps ventromaculatus (Gray, 1834) (Serpentes: Colubridae) in Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 7(2), 290-295.
• Yıldız, M.Z., İğci, N., Parmaksız, A., & Göçmen, B. (2013a). Şanlıurfa’nın Herpetofaunası [Herpetofauna of Sanliurfa]. I. Ulusal Zooloji Kongresi, 28-31 Ağustos 2013, Nevşehir, Türkiye.
• Yıldız, M.Z., Nahya, S., Güler, E., Özcan, A. F., Çalış, H., İğci, N., Akman, B., Yalçınkaya, D., Parmaksız, A., & Göçmen, B. (2013b). Karacadağ (Diyarbakır-Şanlıurfa)’ın Herpetofaunası ve Lava Ortamının Renklenmeye Olan Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. GAP Biyoçeşitlilik Sempozyumu, 23-25 Mayıs 2013, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye.
• Yıldız, M.Z., İğci, N., Akman, B., Bulum, E., & Göçmen, B. (2015). Van ilinin Kurbağa ve Sürüngen Biyoçeşitliliği, Tehditler ve Alınması Gereken Önlemler. XII. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi, 14-17 Eylül 2015, Muğla, Türkiye.
• Yıldız, M.Z., & İğci, N. (2015). On the occurrence of the persian lizard, Iranolacerta brandtii (De Filippi, 1863) in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Biharean Biologist, 9(1), 66-71.
• Yıldız, M.Z., Üçeş, F., Çakmak, Ş., İğci, N., Akman, B., Yalçınkaya, D., & Göçmen, B., (2017). Eublepharis angramainyu (Leopar Keleri) Türünün Morfolojisi ve Türkiye’deki Dağılışı Hakkında Ek Bilgiler. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 10(2), 31-35.
• Yıldız, M.Z., İğci, N., Akman, B., & Göçmen, B. (2018). Results of herpetological survey in the Province of Ağrı (East Anatolia, Turkey) (Anura; Tastudines; Squamata). Herpetozoa, 31(1/2), 47-59.
• Yıldız, M.Z., Sarıkaya, B., & Bozkurt, M.A. (2019). The Herpetofauna of the Province of Hatay (East Mediterranean Turkey). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(2), 197-205. https://doi.org/ 10.5505/biodicon.2019.93685
• Yüksel, M.F., Şahin, C., & Macaroğlu, K. (2015). Şanlıurfa Merkez Kızılkuyu Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahası Yönetim ve Gelişme Planı, I. Revizyon.
• Zarrintab, M., Milto, K.D., Eskandarzadeh, N., Zangi, B., Jahan, M., Kami, H.G., Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Rastegar-Pouyani E., & Rajabizadeh, M. (2017). Taxonomy and distribution of sand boas of the genus Eryx Daudin, 1803 (Serpentes: Erycidae) in Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 63(2), 117-129.
• Zinner, H. (1972). Systematics and evolution of the species group Coluber jugularis linnaeus, 1758 Coluber caspius Gmelin, 1789 (Reptilia, Serpentes) (PhD Thesis). Hebrew university, Jerusalem, Israel.