Effect of Lambda-cyhalothrin on the Gill Phospholipid (PL) Subclass of Oreochromis niloticus

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 152 - 158, 31.12.2023

Murat Yolcu , Elif İpek Satar , Mehmet Başhan , Veysi Kızmaz

https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1399339

Abstract

Fatty acids have a crucial role in providing energy and performing essential functions in living organisms. Moreover, these substances exhibit the most significant alterations in their structure based on ecotoxicological parameters when viewed from a biochemical perspective. These bioactive chemicals are present in the cellular architecture. The study of these fatty acids, crucial for maintaining the integrity and permeability of cell membranes, holds great significance for all living organisms. Consequently, doing fatty acid analysis specifically at the phospholipid level holds significant importance.
The impact of lambda cyhalothrin on the fatty acid content of several phospholipid subclasses (phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS) in the gill tissue of O. niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) was assessed using gas chromatography. The alterations in the fatty acid composition was analyzed 21 days after exposure.
Following the complete extraction of lipids from gill tissue, the tissue was subsequently separated into different subclasses of phospholipids using thin layer chromatography. The samples were subjected to methylation and then evaluated using Gas Chromatography to determine the percentage of the fatty acid. After doing the analysis, a grand total of 16 fatty acids were identified. The research revealed that the primary fatty acids were 16:0 and 18:0 of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated 18:1n-9, and polyunsaturated 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, and 22:6n-6. Upon analyzing the distribution of fatty acids, it was observed that PC, PE, and PI included 16:0, PE contained 18:1, PE and PS contained C18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6, and significant alterations in C22:6n-3 were detected in PE. Our investigation revealed that the n-3/n-6 ratio of fish in the PE subclass was the lowest when compared to PC, PI, and PS.

Keywords

Pyrethroid insecticide, fatty acid composition, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine

Lambda-cyhalothrin'nin Oreochromis niloticus’un Solungaç Fosfolipid (PL) Alt Sınıfı Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Yağ asitleri hem enerji kaynağı olarak hem de canlı sistemler için fonksiyonel görevler açısından oldukça önemlidir. Ayrıca bu bileşikler biyokimyasal açıdan ekotoksikolojik faktörlere bağlı olarak en fazla değişim gösteren yapılardır. Bu biyokimyasal bileşikler hücre yapısında bulunur. Bu nedenle yaşamda membran bütünlüğü ve geçirgenliği için çok önemli olan bu yağ asitlerinin analizi canlılar için oldukça önemlidir. Bu nedenle fosfolipit düzeyinde yağ asidi analizi oldukça önemlidir.
Sentetik piretroidler (SP'ler), güçlü bir pestisit aktiviteye sahip olmalarının yanı sıra çevrede biyolojik olarak parçalanabilmeleri nedeniyle tarımda kullanılan geniş spektrumlu pestisitlerdir. Bu çalışmada, bu pestisitlerin, çevredeki toksinlerin neden olduğu kirliliğin değerlendirilmesi ve biyoizlenmesi için önemli bir belirteç olan Oreochromis niloticus’un solungaç dokusunda fosfolipit alt sınıflarına ait yağ asitlerinin maruziyet etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Lambda cyhalothrin, O. niloticus'un (Perciformes: Cichlidae) solungaç dokusundaki fosfolipid alt sınıflarının (fosfatidilklonin (PC), fosfatidiletanolamin (PE), fosfatidilinositol (PI) ve fosfatidilserin (PS)) yağ asidi bileşimindeki etkileri gaz kromatografisi ile belirlendi. Yağ asidi profilindeki değişiklikler, maruziyetten 21gün sonra analiz edildi.
Solungaç dokusunun total lipid ekstraksiyonu yapıldıktan sonra ince tabaka kromatografisi ile fosfolipid alt sınıflarına ayrıldı. Metilasyon işleminden sonra numuneler Gaz Kromatografisi ile yağ asidi olarak kalitatif olarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda toplam 16 yağ asidi tespit edildi. Analizler sonucunda doymuş yağ asitlerinden 16:0 ve 18:0; tekli doymamışlardan 18:1n-9; çoklu doymamış olanlardan 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6 ve 22:6n-6 ana yağ asitleri olarak belirlendi. Yağ asidi dağılımı incelendiğinde, PC, PE ve PI'da 16:0; PE'de 18:1; PE ve PS'de C18:2n-6 ve 20:4n-6; PE'de C22:6n-3’te önemli değişiklikler bulundu. Çalışmamızda balıkların PE alt sınıfı n-3/n-6 oranı PC, PI ve PS'ye göre en düşük düzeyde bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Piretroid insektisit, yağ asidi bileşimi, fosfatidilkolin, fosfatidiletanolamin, fosfatidilinositol, fosfatidilserin

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