Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)’de Diflovidazin Direnci ve I1017F Mutasyonu
Year 2021,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 393 - 398, 21.12.2021
Sibel Yorulmaz Salman
,
Emre İnak
,
Tuba Albayrak
Zeynep Selvioğlu
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae birçok üründe önemli kayıplara neden olan polifag bir zararlıdır. Ülkemizde bu zararlının kontrolünde kimyasal mücadelede ilk sırada yer almaktadır. Diflovidazin etken maddesi akarisit olup, ülkemizde yakın bir tarihte Avrupa kırmızıörümceği Panonycus ulmi (Acari:Tetranychidae)’ye karşı elmada ruhsat almıştır. Ancak elma bahçelerinde dönemsel olarak Tetranychus urticae zararı olduğu da bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle diflovidazinin Tetranychus urticae üzerindeki etkilerinin ne olduğunun bilinmesi son derece önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada diflovidazin etken maddesinin laboratuvar koşullarında seleksiyon baskısı sonucunda Tetranychus urticae’de direnç gelişimi ve dirençle ilişkili olabileceği düşünülen I1017F mutasyonunun moleküler düzeyde belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla hassas Tetranychus urticae popülasyonunda diflovidazin tarla uygulama dozu ile bioassay denemeler kurularak LC değerleri belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen LC60 değerleri ile kırmızıörümcek popülasyonu selekte edilerek dirençli popülasyon elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Son seleksiyon popülasyonunda PCR çalışmaları ile I1017F mutasyon varlığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda diflovidazin ile üç kez selekte edilmiş Tetranychus urticae popülasyonunda 9.68 kat direnç gelişimi belirlenmiştir. Ancak moleküler çalışmalar sonucunda diflovidazin dirençli popülasyonda I1017F mutasyonu bulunmamıştır.
References
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Year 2021,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 393 - 398, 21.12.2021
Sibel Yorulmaz Salman
,
Emre İnak
,
Tuba Albayrak
Zeynep Selvioğlu
References
- Alpkent, Y.N., İnak, E., Ulusoy, S., Ay, R., 2020. Acaricide resistance and mechanisms in Tetranychus urticae populations from greenhouses in Turkey. Systematic and Applied Acarol. 25(1): 155-168.
- Anonim, 2018. TUİK Web sitesi: www.tuik.gov.tr, Erişim tarihi:19.03.2019
- Ay, R., Kara, E., 2011. Toxicity, inheritance and biochemistry of clofentezine resistance inTetranychus urticae. Insect Sci. 18, 503–511.
- Demaeght, P., Osborne, E. J., Odman-Naresh, J., Grbić, M., Nauen, R., Merzendorfer, H.,Clark, R.M., Van Leeuwen, T., 2014. High resolution genetic mapping uncovers chitin synthase-1 as the target-site of the structurally diverse mite growth inhibitors clofentezine, hexythiazox and etoxazole in Tetranychus urticae. Insect Biochemis. and Mol. Bio. 51: 52-61.
- Douris, V., Steinbach, D., Panteleri, R., Livadaras, I., Pickett, J. A., Van Leeuwen, T., Vontas, J., 2016. Resistance mutation conserved between insects and mites unravels the benzoylurea insecticide mode of action on chitin biosynthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci. 113 (51): 14692-14697.
- Feyereisen, R., Dermauw, W., Val Leeuwen, T., 2015. Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods. Pesticide Bio. Physiol. 121, 61-77.
- Ilias, A., Vontas, J., Tsagkarakou, A., 2014. Global distribution and origin of target site insecticide resistance mutations in Tetranychus urticae. Insect Biochemistry and Mol. Bio. 48, 17-28.
- Jeppson, L. Keifer, R., Baker, H.H., E.W. 1975. Mites injurious to economic plants. Univ of California Press.
- İnak, E., Alpkent, Y. N., Çobanoğlu, S., Dermauw, W., Van Leeuwen, T., 2019. Resistance incidence and presence of resistance mutations in populations of Tetranychus urticae from vegetable crops in Turkey. Experimental and App. Acarol. 78(3), 343-360.
- Keçeci, M., 2008. Zirai Mücadele Teknik Talimatları Cilt3. Sebzelerde kırmızı örümcekler. Başak matbaacılık. Ankara
- Hawkins, N.J., Bass, C., Dixon, A., Neve, P., 2019. The evolutionary origins of pesticide resistance. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 94, 135–155.
- Herron,G., Woolley, L.,Langfield, K. and Chen, Y., 1993. First detection of etoxazole resistance in Australian two‐spotted mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) via bioassay and DNA methods. Austral Entomol. 57 (3): 365-368.
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- Van Leeuwen, T., Dermauw, W., 2016. The molecular evolution of xenobiotic metabolism and resistance in chelicerate mites. Annual Review of Entomol. 61: 475-498.
- Van Leeuwen, T., Vontas, J., Tsagkarakou, A., Tirry, L., 2009. Mechanisms of acaricide resistance in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. In Biorational Control of Arthropod Pests (pp. 347-393). Springer, Dordrecht.
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Van Leeuwen, T., Demaeght, P., Osborne, E. J., Dermauw, W., Gohlke, S., Nauen, R., Clark, R.M., 2012. Population bulk segregant mapping uncovers resistance mutations and the mode of action of a chitin synthesis inhibitor in arthropods. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci. 109(12): 4407-4412.
- Van Leeuwen, T., Dermauw, W., Mavridis, K., Vontas, J., 2020. Significance and interpretation of molecular diagnosticfor insecticide resistance management of agriculturaL pests. Insect Sci. 39. 69-76.
- Yorulmaz Salman, S., Sarıtaş, E., 2014. Acequinocyl resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae): inheritance, synergists, cross-resistance and biochemical resistance mechanisms.International Journal of Acarol. 6, 248-435.
- Yu, S.J., 2008. The toxicology and biochemistry of insecticides. CRC Pres TaylorFrancis Group.