Girişimcilik Merakı İle Yenilikçilik Arasındaki İlişkide Girişimcilik Öz-Yeterliliğinin Aracılık Rolü

Year 2018, Volume: 16 Issue: 31, 331 - 353, 01.02.2018

Engin Özgül

Abstract

Girişimciliğin artan önemi ile birlikte girişimcilik ekosisteminin her geçen gün
genişlemesi, girişimciliğin belirleyicilerine olan ilgiyi de arttırmıştır. Çalışmada,
girişimciliğin önemli belirleyicilerinden olan yenilikçilik ve girişimcilik merakı arasındaki ilişkide girişimcilik öz-yeterliliğinin aracılık etkisinin incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Yenilikçilik ve girişimcilik merakı arasındaki ilişkide girişimcilik
öz-yeterliliğin aracılık rolü, girişimcilik eğitimi almış ve almakta olan 245 girişimci
adayından anket yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler ışığında araştırılmıştır. Yenilikçiliğin, girişimcilik merakını pozitif ve anlamlı olarak etkilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca
elde edilen bulgulara göre, yenilikçilik ve girişimcilik merakı arasındaki ilişkide girişimcilik öz-yeterliliğinin kısmi aracılık rolü üstlendiği belirlenmiştir. Modelin
uyumluluğu dikkate alınarak çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur. 

Keywords

Girişimcilik Merakı, Yenilikçilik, Girişimcilik Öz-Yeterliliği, Girişimcilik

References

• Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, London: Methuen & Co., Ltd. Albert Bandura, A. ‘Self-efficacy toward a unifying theory of behavioral change’, Psychological Rieview, Vol. 84, No. 2, 1977b, s. 191-215. Albert Bandura, Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control, New York: Freeman, 1997. Albert Bandura, Social Learning Theory, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1977a. Alberto Marcati, Gianluigi Guido and Alessandro M. Peluso, ‘The role of SME entrepreneurs’ innovativeness and personality in the adoption of innovations’ Research Policy, Vol. 37, No. 9, 2008, s. 1579-1590. Allan O’Connor, ‘A conceptual framework for entrepreneurship education policy: meeting government and economic purpose’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 28, 2013, s. 546-563. Andy Field, Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, Dubai: Oriental Press, 2009. Atilhan Naktiyok, Canan Nur Karabey and Ali Caglar Gulluce, ‘Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention: the Turkish case’, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol. 6, No. 4, s. 419-435. Barbara J. Bird, Entrepreneurial behavior, Illinois: Scott Foresman & Co, 1989. Branka Ahlin, Mateja Drnovsek and Robert D. Hisrich, ‘Entrepreneurs’ creativity and firm innovation: the moderating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy’, Small Business Economics, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2014, s. 101-117. Chao C.Chena, Patricia Gene Greene and Ann Crick, ‘Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 13, No. 4, 1998, s. 295-316. Daniel P. Forbes, ‘The Effects of Strategic Decision Making on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2005, s. 599-626. Darren George and Paul Mallery, SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A simple guide and reference, Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2003. David F. Midgley, Innovation and New Product Marketing, New York: Halsted Press,1977. Domingo Ribeiro Soriano ve Kun-Huang Huarng, ‘Innovation and entrepreneurship in knowledge industries’, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 66, 1964-1469. Edward P. Lazear, ‘Entrepreneurship’, Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2005, s. 649-680. Erkan T. Demirel and Mehmet Tikici, ‘Kültürün Girişimciliğe Etkileri’, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2004, s. 49-58. Erkko Autioa, Martin Kenney, Philippe Mustar, Don Siegel and Mike Wright, ‘Entrepreneurial innovation: The importance of context’, Research Policy, Vol. 43,2014, s. 1097. Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, New York: The Free Press, 1995. Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, New York: The Free Press, 1983. Fang Zhao, ‘Exploring the Synergy Between Entrepreneurship and Innovation’, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2005, s. 25-41. Farzana Parveen and Ainin Sulaiman, ‘Technology Complexity, Personal Innovativeness and Intention To Use Wireless Internet Using Mobile Devices In Malaysia’, International Review of Business Research Papers, Vol. 4, No. 5, 2008, s. 1-10. Fatma Genç Ünay and Cemal Zehir, ‘Innovation intelligence and entrepreneurship in the fashion industry’, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 41, 2012, s. 315-321. Fiona Wilson, Jill Kickul and Deborah Marlino, ‘Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2007, s. 387-406. Gavin Cassar and Henry Friedman, ‘Does Self-Efficacy Affect Entrepreneurial Investment?’, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol. 3, 2009, s. 241-260. Gideon D. Markman, David B. Balkin and Robert A. Baron, ‘Inventors and New Venture Formation: the Effects of General Self-Efficacy and Regretful Thinking’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 27, No. 2, 2002, s. 149-165. H. Thomas Hurt, Katherine Joseph and Chester D. Cook, ‘Scales for the Measurement of Innovativeness’, Human Communication Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1977, s. 58-65. Hale Çolakoğlu and Tanju Çolakoğlu, ‘Üniversitelerdeki Girişimcilik Eğitimi İle Öz Yeterlilik Algısı ve Girişimcilik Potansiyeli İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Saha Araştırması’, Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 17, No. 37, 2016, s. 70-84. Hamid Tohidi and Mohammad Mehdi Jabbari, ‘The important of Innovation and its Crucial Role in Growth, Survival and Success of Organizations’, Procedia Technology, Vol. 1, 2012, s. 535-538. Hans Landström, Gouya Harirchi and Fredrik Åström, ‘Entrepreneurship: Exploring the knowledge base’ Research Policy, Vol. 41, 2012, s. 1154-1181. Henry F. Kaiser, ‘An index of factor simplicity, Psychometrika, Vol. 39, No. 1, 1974, s. 31-36. Jafar Rezaei, Roland Ortt and Victor Scholten, ‘Measuring entrepreneurship: Expert-based vs. data-based methodologies’, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2012, s. 406-4074. James P. Stevens, Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences, New Jersey: Erlbaum, 1992. Jill Kickul and Robert S. D’Intino, ‘Measure for Measure: Modeling Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy onto Instrumental Tasks Within the New Venture Creation Process’, New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, Vol. 8,No. 2, 2005, s.38-47. John O. Summers, ‘Generalized Change Agents and In- novativeness’, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 8, 1971, s.313-316. Joseph E. Champoux and William S. Peters, ‘Form, effect size and power in moderated regression analysis’, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 60, s. 243-255. Joyce D. Jackson, Mun Y. Yi and Jae S. Park, ‘An empirical test of three mediation models for the relationship between personal innovativeness and user acceptance of technology’, Information & Management, Vol. 50, 2013, s. 154-161. June Lu, Chun-Sheng Yu, Chang Liu and James E. Yao, ‘Technology acceptance model for wireless Internet’, Journal of Internet Research, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2003, s. 206-222. Keith M. Hmieleski and Robert A. Baron, ‘When Does Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Enhance Versus Reduce Firm Performance?’, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol. 2, 2008, s. 57-72. Kun-Huang Huarng and Domingo Enrique Ribeiro-Soriano, ‘Developmental management: Theories, methods, and applications in entrepreneurship, innovation, and sensemaking’, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 67, No. 5, 2014, s. 657-662. Lowell W. Busenitz, G. Page West III, Dean Shepherd, Teresa Nelson, Gaylen Gayled N. Chandler and Andrew Zacharakis, ‘Entrepreneurship research in emergence: Past trends and future dimensions’, Joumal of Management, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2003, s. 285-308. Mai Thi Thanh Thai and Ekaterina Turkina, ‘Macro-level determinants of formal entrepreneurship versus informal entrepreneurship’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 29, 2014, s. 490-510. Mark A. Ciavarella, Ann K. Buchholtz, Christine M. Riordan, Robert D. Gatewood and Garnett S. Stokes, ‘The Big Five and venture survival: Is there a linkage?’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 19, 2004, s. 465-483. Mateja Drnovsek, Joakim Wincent and Melissa S. Cardon ‘Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and business start-up: developing a multi-dimensional definition’ International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2010, s. 329-348. Meriç S. Ertekin, ‘Yenilik ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi’, Mevzuat Dergisi, 2005, (Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ekim 2017). Michael A. Crumpton, ‘Innovation and entrepreneurship’, The Bottom Line, Vol. 25 No. 3,2012, s. 98-101. Michel Syrett and Jean Lammiman, The Innovative Individual, Oxford: Capstone Publishing, 2002. Mitja Jeraj and Bostjan Antoncic, ‘A Conceptualization of Entrepreneurial Curiosity and Construct Development: A Multi-Country Empirical Validation’, Creativity Research Journal, Vol. 25, No. 4, 2013, s. 426-435. Mitja Jeraj and Miha Marič, ‘Relation between Entrepreneurial Curiosity and Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy: a Multi-Country Empirical Validation’, Journal of Management, Informatics and Human Resources, Vol. 46, No.6, 2013a, s. 264-273. Mitja Jeraj and Miha Marič, “Entrepreneurial Curiosity-The New Construct”, (Tebliğ, 32nd International Conference on Organizational Science Development, Portorož, Slovenia, Mart 2013b), s. 289-298. Mitja Jeraj, ‘The relationship between optimism, pre-entrepreneurial curiosity, and entrepreneurial curiosity’. Organizacija, Vol. 47, 2014, s. 199-209. Mitja Jeraj, Miha Maric, Ivan Todorovic and Mladen Cudanov, ‘The Role of Openness and Entrepreneurial Curiosity in Company’s Growth’, Amfiteatru Economic, Vol. 17, No. 38, 2015, s. 371-389. Mun Y. Yi, Kirk D. Fiedler and Jae S. Park, ‘Understanding the Role of Individual Innovativeness in the Acceptance of IT-Based Innovations: Comparative Analyses of Models and Measures’, Decision Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 3, 2006, s. 393-426. Murray B. Low and Ian C. MacMillan, ‘Entrepreneurship: Past research and future challenges’, Journal of Management, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1988, s.139-161. Naeyang Jeong, Youngsang Yoo and Tae-Young Heo, ‘Moderating effect of personal innovativeness on mobile-RFID services: Based on Warshaw’s purchase intention model’, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Vol. 76, 2009, s. 154-164. Nancy G. Boyd and George S. Vozikis, ‘The Influence of Self-Efficacy on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions’ Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1994, 63-77. Norris F.Krueger, Michael D. Reilly and Alan L. Carsrud, ‘Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 15 No. 5-6, 2000, s. 411-432. Nur Khusniyah Indrawatia, Ubud Salim, Djumahir and A. Helmi Djawahir ‘Moderation Effects of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy in Relation between Environmental Dimensions and Entrepreneurial Alertness and the Effect on Entrepreneurial Commitment’, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, No. 169, s.13-22. OECD, Oslo Manual: Guidelines For Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, Paris: OECD Publishing, 2005. Ömer Faruk Şimşek, Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş: Temel İlkeler ve LISREL Uygulamaları, Ankara: Ekinoks Yayınları, 2007. Perihan Hazel Er, ‘Girişimcilik ve Yenilikçilik Kavramlarının İktisadi Düşüncedeki Yeri: Joseph A. Schumpeter’, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, No. 29, 2013, s. 75-85. Peter Drucker, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles, New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc., 2002. Pramodita Sharma and Sankaran James J. Chrisman, ‘Toward a Reconciliation of the Definitional Issues in the Field of Corporate Entrepreneurship’; içinde Álvaro Cuervo, Domingo Ribeiro and Salvador Roig (der), Entrepreneurship Concepts, Theory and Perspective, New York: Springer, 1999, s. 83-104. Ritu Agarwal and Jayesh Prasad, ‘A Conceptual and Operational Definition of Personal Innovativeness in the Domain of Information Technology’, Information Systems Research, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1998, s. 204-215. Robert Wood and Albert Bandura, ‘Social Cognitive Theory of Organisational Management’, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14, 1989, s. 361-384. Roger L. Martin and Sally Osberg, ‘Social Entrepreneurship: The Case for Definition’, Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring, 2007, s. 28-39. Rosanna Garcia and Roger Calantone, ‘A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology: a literature review’, The Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 19, 2002, s. 110-132. Safal Batra and Neharika Vohra, ‘Exploring the linkages of cognitive style and individual innovativeness’, Management Research Review, Vol. 39, No. 7, 2016, s. 768-785. Sander Wennekers and Roy Thurik, ‘Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth’, Small Business Economics, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1999, s. 27-56. Stephen L. Mueller and Anisya S. Thomas, ‘Culture and Entrepreneurial Potential: A Nine Country Study of Locus of Control and Innovativeness’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 16, 2000, s.51-75. Stephen L. Mueller and Mary Conway Dato-On, ‘Gender-Role Orientation as a Determinant of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy’, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2008, s. 3-20. Steven M. Farmer, Xin Yao and Kate Kung-McIntyre, ‘The behavioral impact of entrepreneur identity aspiration and prior entrepreneurial experience’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2011, s. 245-273. Thomas B. Ward, ‘Cognition, creativity, and entrepreneurship’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 19, No. 2,2004, s. 173-188. Thomas Gries and Wim Naudé, ‘Entrepreneurship and human development: A capability approach’, Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 95, No.3-4, 2011, s. 216-224. Tibor R. Machan, ‘Entrepreneurship and ethics’, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 26, No. 5, 1999, s. 596-609. Truls Erikson, ‘Entrepreneurial capital: the emerging venture’s most important asset and competitive advantage’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 17, 2002, s. 275-290. Ying Lowrey, “The Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship: A neoclassical approach”, (Tebliğ, ASSA Annual Meeting, Washington, USA, Ocak 2003), s. 1-26. Žiga Peljko, Mitja Jeraj, Gheorghe Săvoiu and Miha Marič, ‘An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Curiosity and Innovativeness’, Organizacija, Vol. 49, No. 3, 2016, s. 172-182.