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Soğuk Haddelenmiş Strenx 700 CR Çeliğinin Nd:YAG Lazer Kaynak Faktörlerinin Taguchi Yöntemi ile Optimizasyonu

Year 2023, Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 85 - 92, 30.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1273719

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, daha güçlü ve hafif yapılar üretmek için tipik olarak yük taşıyıcılarda kullanılan ve minimum 700 MPa akma dayanımına sahip soğuk haddelenmiş Strenx 700 CR çeliği Nd:YAG lazer kaynağı ile alın şeklinde birleştirilmiştir. Birleştirme işlemlerinde; lazer güç oranı (20%, 40% ve 60%), darbe süresi (2, 4 ve 6 ms) ve darbe frekansı (3, 5 ve 7 hz) kullanılarak, kaynak faktörlerinin çekme dayanımına etkisi incelenmiştir. Taguchi L9 ortogonal deney tasarımı kullanılarak tam faktöriyel iken 27 adet olması gereken deney sayısı 9 adet deneye indirgenmiştir. Çekme dayanımı testi sonuçları Taguchi metodunun en büyük-en iyi kontrol karakteristiği ile optimize edilmiştir. Maksimum çekme dayanımı için belirlenen optimum test kombinasyonu, A3B2C2 (60%-4 ms-5 hz) olarak belirlenmiştir. Çekme dayanımı sonuçlarına, kaynak faktörlerinin etkisi ise varyans analizi (ANOVA) metodu kullanılarak incelenmiş ve en etkin faktör %84.26 ile lazer güç oranı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • ⦁ Amraei, M., Ahola, A., Afkhami, S., Björk, T., Heidarpour, A., Zhao, X.L., 2019. Effects of Heat Input on the Mechanical Properties of Butt-Welded High and Ultra-High Strength Steels. Engineering Structures, 198,1-15.
  • ⦁ Asal, Ö., 2019. Optimization of Surface Roughness in Turning of AZ31 Magnesium Alloys with Taguchi Method., 6(1), 25–32.
  • ⦁ ASTM-E8/E8M 2009. Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials. ASTM International.
  • ⦁ Ayer, Ö., 2019. Kalıp Parametrelerinin Ekstrüzyon Kuvveti Üzerine Etkisinin Taguchi Yöntemiyle Optimizasyonu. DÜMF Mühendislik Dergisi, 10(2), 633640.
  • ⦁ Baghjari, S.H., Akbari Mousavi, S.A.A., 2013. Effects of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Welding Parameters and Subsequent Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Hardness of AISI 420 Stainless Steel. Materials & Design, 43, 1–9.
  • ⦁ Chen, H., Pinkerton, A.J., Li, L., Liu, Z., Mistry, A.T., 2011. Gap-Free Fibre Laser Welding of Zn-Coated Steel on Al Alloy For Light-Weight Automotive Applications. Materials and Design, 32(2), 495–504.
  • ⦁ Fernandes, F.A.O., Oliveira, D.F., Pereira, A.B., 2017. Optimal Parameters for Laser Welding of Advanced High-Strength Steels Used in the Automotive Industry. Procedia Manufacturing, 13, 219–226.
  • ⦁ Gnanasekaran, S., Kumar, S.S., Venugopal, N., Upadhyaya, M., Manjunath, T.C., Chelladurai, S.J.S., Padmanaban, G., 2020. Effect of Laser Power on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Beam Welded AISI 301 Austenitic Stainless Steel Joints. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37(Part 2), 934–939.
  • ⦁ Gundogdu Ceylan, Y., Gunduz, T., Atici Ulusu, H., 2021. Polymer Raw Material Mixture Optimization with Taguchi Method. Journal of Industrial Engineering, 32(2), 164–176.
  • ⦁ Iordachescu, D., Blasco, M., Lopez, R., Cuesta, A., Iordachescu, M., Ocaña, J.L., 2011. Development of Robotized Laser Welding Applications for Joining Thin Sheets. Optirob, Mai (Optirob), 26–28.
  • ⦁ Kekik, M., Aslanlar, S., Apay, S., 2021. AHSS Sacların Elektrik Direnç Nokta Kaynağında Kaynak Parametrelerinin Taguchi Yöntemiyle Optimizasyonu. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 9, 702–711.
  • ⦁ Meral, G., Sarıkaya, M., Dilipak, H., 2011. Delme İşlemlerinde Kesme Parametrelerinin Taguchi Yöntemiyle Optimizasyonu. Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(4), 332–338.
  • ⦁ Minitab 2020. Getting Started with Minitab Statistical Software. 1–62.
  • ⦁ Patel, N.S., Parihar, P.L., Makwana, J.S., 2021. Parametric Optimization to Improve the Machining Process by Using Taguchi Method: A Review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47, 2709–2714.
  • ⦁ Sivarajan, S., Padmanabhan, R. 2021. Formability Enhancement of High Strength Steel Using Modification of Contact with Friction Conditions. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, 7(2), 227–240.
  • ⦁ Sun, Q., Di, H.S., Li, J.C., Wang, X.N., 2016. Effect of Pulse Frequency on Microstructure and Properties of Welded Joints for Dual Phase Steel by Pulsed Laser Welding. Materials and Design, 105, 201–211.
  • ⦁ Taguchi, G., 1990. Introduction to Quality Engineering. Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo.
  • ⦁ Türkan, B., Etemoğlu, A.B., 2020. Optimization of Parameters Effecting Food Drying Using Taguchi Method. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 26(4), 654–665.
  • ⦁ Ulewicz, R., Szataniak, P., 2016. Fatigue Cracks of Strenx Steel. Materials Today: Proceedings, 3(4), 1195–1198.
  • ⦁ Ulewicz, R., Szataniak, P., Novy, F., Trsko, L., Bokuvka, O., 2017. Fatigue Characteristics of Structural Steels in the Gigacycle Region of Loading. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(5), 5979–5984.
  • ⦁ Yıldırım, M.S., Kaya, Y., Çakıroğlu, R., Gülenç, B., Kahraman, N., Durgutlu, A., 2018. Nokta Direnç Kaynağı ile Birleştirilen Titanyum Levhaların Çekme-Makaslama Dayanımlarının Taguchi Metoduyla Optimizasyonu. Journal of Polytechnic, 0900(3), 567–573.
  • ⦁ Yurdakul, M., Güneş, S., Iç, Y.T., 2016. Improvement of the Surface Quality in the Honing Process Using Taguchi Method. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 31(2), 347–360.

Optimization of Nd:YAG Laser Welding Factors of Cold Rolled Strenx 700 CR Steel by Taguchi Method

Year 2023, Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 85 - 92, 30.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1273719

Abstract

In this study, cold rolled Strenx 700 CR steel with a minimum yield strength of 700 MPa, which is typically used in load bearing structures to produce stronger and lighter structures, is butt welded with Nd:YAG laser welding. The effect of welding factors on tensile strength is investigated by using laser power rate (20%, 40% and 60%), pulse duration (2, 4 and 6 ms) and pulse frequency (3, 5 and 7 hz). By using Taguchi L9 orthogonal experimental design, the number of experiments, which should be 27 when full factorial, is reduced to 9 experiments. The tensile strength test results are optimized by the Taguchi method's larger is better control characteristic. The optimum test combination for maximum tensile strength is determined as A3B2C2 (60%-4 ms-5 hz). The effect of the welding factors on the tensile strength results is analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and it is found that the most effective factor is the laser power rate with 84.26%.

References

  • ⦁ Amraei, M., Ahola, A., Afkhami, S., Björk, T., Heidarpour, A., Zhao, X.L., 2019. Effects of Heat Input on the Mechanical Properties of Butt-Welded High and Ultra-High Strength Steels. Engineering Structures, 198,1-15.
  • ⦁ Asal, Ö., 2019. Optimization of Surface Roughness in Turning of AZ31 Magnesium Alloys with Taguchi Method., 6(1), 25–32.
  • ⦁ ASTM-E8/E8M 2009. Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials. ASTM International.
  • ⦁ Ayer, Ö., 2019. Kalıp Parametrelerinin Ekstrüzyon Kuvveti Üzerine Etkisinin Taguchi Yöntemiyle Optimizasyonu. DÜMF Mühendislik Dergisi, 10(2), 633640.
  • ⦁ Baghjari, S.H., Akbari Mousavi, S.A.A., 2013. Effects of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Welding Parameters and Subsequent Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Hardness of AISI 420 Stainless Steel. Materials & Design, 43, 1–9.
  • ⦁ Chen, H., Pinkerton, A.J., Li, L., Liu, Z., Mistry, A.T., 2011. Gap-Free Fibre Laser Welding of Zn-Coated Steel on Al Alloy For Light-Weight Automotive Applications. Materials and Design, 32(2), 495–504.
  • ⦁ Fernandes, F.A.O., Oliveira, D.F., Pereira, A.B., 2017. Optimal Parameters for Laser Welding of Advanced High-Strength Steels Used in the Automotive Industry. Procedia Manufacturing, 13, 219–226.
  • ⦁ Gnanasekaran, S., Kumar, S.S., Venugopal, N., Upadhyaya, M., Manjunath, T.C., Chelladurai, S.J.S., Padmanaban, G., 2020. Effect of Laser Power on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Beam Welded AISI 301 Austenitic Stainless Steel Joints. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37(Part 2), 934–939.
  • ⦁ Gundogdu Ceylan, Y., Gunduz, T., Atici Ulusu, H., 2021. Polymer Raw Material Mixture Optimization with Taguchi Method. Journal of Industrial Engineering, 32(2), 164–176.
  • ⦁ Iordachescu, D., Blasco, M., Lopez, R., Cuesta, A., Iordachescu, M., Ocaña, J.L., 2011. Development of Robotized Laser Welding Applications for Joining Thin Sheets. Optirob, Mai (Optirob), 26–28.
  • ⦁ Kekik, M., Aslanlar, S., Apay, S., 2021. AHSS Sacların Elektrik Direnç Nokta Kaynağında Kaynak Parametrelerinin Taguchi Yöntemiyle Optimizasyonu. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 9, 702–711.
  • ⦁ Meral, G., Sarıkaya, M., Dilipak, H., 2011. Delme İşlemlerinde Kesme Parametrelerinin Taguchi Yöntemiyle Optimizasyonu. Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(4), 332–338.
  • ⦁ Minitab 2020. Getting Started with Minitab Statistical Software. 1–62.
  • ⦁ Patel, N.S., Parihar, P.L., Makwana, J.S., 2021. Parametric Optimization to Improve the Machining Process by Using Taguchi Method: A Review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47, 2709–2714.
  • ⦁ Sivarajan, S., Padmanabhan, R. 2021. Formability Enhancement of High Strength Steel Using Modification of Contact with Friction Conditions. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, 7(2), 227–240.
  • ⦁ Sun, Q., Di, H.S., Li, J.C., Wang, X.N., 2016. Effect of Pulse Frequency on Microstructure and Properties of Welded Joints for Dual Phase Steel by Pulsed Laser Welding. Materials and Design, 105, 201–211.
  • ⦁ Taguchi, G., 1990. Introduction to Quality Engineering. Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo.
  • ⦁ Türkan, B., Etemoğlu, A.B., 2020. Optimization of Parameters Effecting Food Drying Using Taguchi Method. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 26(4), 654–665.
  • ⦁ Ulewicz, R., Szataniak, P., 2016. Fatigue Cracks of Strenx Steel. Materials Today: Proceedings, 3(4), 1195–1198.
  • ⦁ Ulewicz, R., Szataniak, P., Novy, F., Trsko, L., Bokuvka, O., 2017. Fatigue Characteristics of Structural Steels in the Gigacycle Region of Loading. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(5), 5979–5984.
  • ⦁ Yıldırım, M.S., Kaya, Y., Çakıroğlu, R., Gülenç, B., Kahraman, N., Durgutlu, A., 2018. Nokta Direnç Kaynağı ile Birleştirilen Titanyum Levhaların Çekme-Makaslama Dayanımlarının Taguchi Metoduyla Optimizasyonu. Journal of Polytechnic, 0900(3), 567–573.
  • ⦁ Yurdakul, M., Güneş, S., Iç, Y.T., 2016. Improvement of the Surface Quality in the Honing Process Using Taguchi Method. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 31(2), 347–360.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Oğuz Tuncel 0000-0002-6886-6367

Hakan Aydın This is me 0000-0001-7364-6281

Publication Date March 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 38 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tuncel, O., & Aydın, H. (2023). Optimization of Nd:YAG Laser Welding Factors of Cold Rolled Strenx 700 CR Steel by Taguchi Method. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1273719