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The relationship between childhood trauma and emotional regulation difficulty in panic disorder patients

Year 2020, Volume: 45 Issue: 4, 1587 - 1597, 27.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.742665

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to determine the presence of childhood trauma and emotional dysfunction as well as evaluate the relationship between childhood trauma and emotional dysfunction in patients with panic disorder.
Materials and Methods: The study included 80 patients who met the study criteria according to the DSM-5 criteria and 80 randomly selected healthy individuals with similar sociodemographic characteristics. Panic Agoraphobia Scale, Childhood Trauma Scale (CTQ-28), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were applied to the participants.
Results: A total of 160 cases were included in the study, including 80 patients aged 18-53 and 80 control subjects aged 19-61. In the patient group, the total score of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)) and the Awareness, Openness, Disagreement, Strategies, Impulse and Goals subscales were statistically significantly higher than the control group. The prevalence of those with a CTQ score of ≥35 was 47.5% in the patient group and 26.3% in the control group, which was statistically significantly higher in the patient group. Increase in “Disagreement”, “Awareness”, and “Goals” subscores significantly increased the likelihood of being in the patient group.
Conclusion: Pharmacological agents and therapies targeting the affected regions may reduce the adverse effects of childhood trauma and associated emotional regulation difficulties in patients with panic disorder, increasing the success of treatment and quality of life.

References

  • REFERENCES 1. Turla A. Çocuk ihmali ve istismarı olgularında tıbbi yaklaşım. Ondakuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 2002;19:291-300.
  • 2. Brown GR, Anderson B. Psychiatric morbidity in adult inpatients with childhood histories of sexual and physical abuse. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:55-61.
  • 3. Walker CE, Bonner BL, Kaufman KL. The physically and sexually abused child: Evaluation and treatment: Pergamon Press; 1988.
  • 4. Oral R, Can D, Kaplan S, et al. Child abuse in Turkey: an experience in overcoming denial and a description of 50 cases. Child Abuse Negl 2001;25:279-90.
  • 5. Ulloa Flores RE, Navarro Machuca IG. Estudio descriptivo de la prevalencia y tipos de maltrato en adolescentes con psicopatología. Salud mental 2011;34:219-25.
  • 6. Yurdakök K, İnce O. Duygusal istismar ve ihmal. Katkı Pediatri Dergisi 2010;32:423-33.
  • 7. Jangam K, Muralidharan K, Tansa KA, Aravind Raj E, Bhowmick P. Incidence of childhood abuse among women with psychiatric disorders compared with healthy women: Data from a tertiary care centre in India. Child Abuse Negl 2015;50:67-75.
  • 8. Kılınçel O, Kılınçel Ş, Gündüz C, Cangür Ş, Akkaya C. Klozapinin Hızlı Döngülü Bipolar Afektif Bozuklukta Duygudurum Düzenleyicisi Olarak Rolü. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2019;30.
  • 9. Goodwin RD, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Childhood abuse and familial violence and the risk of panic attacks and panic disorder in young adulthood. Psychol Med 2005;35:881-90.
  • 10. Bonevski D, Novotni AJMp. Child abuse in panic disorder. 2008;61:169-72.
  • 11. Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of psychopathology behavioral assessment 2004;26:41-54.
  • 12. Berking M, Wupperman P. Emotion regulation and mental health: recent findings, current challenges, and future directions. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2012;25:128-34.
  • 13. Cisler JM, Olatunji BO, Feldner MT, Forsyth JP. Emotion Regulation and the Anxiety Disorders: An Integrative Review. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2010;32:68-82.
  • 14. Choi JY, Oh KJ. Cumulative childhood trauma and psychological maladjustment of sexually abused children in Korea: mediating effects of emotion regulation. Child Abuse Negl 2014;38:296-303.
  • 15. Demirkapı EŞ. Çocukluk çağı travmalarının duygu düzenleme ve kimlik gelişimine etkisi ve bunların psikopatolojiler ile ilişkisi: Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi; 2014.
  • 16. Huh HJ, Kim KH, Lee HK, Chae JH. The relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of adulthood depression and anxiety symptoms in a clinical sample: The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. J Affect Disord 2017;213:44-50.
  • 17. Kılınçel Ş, Vural AP, Kılınçel O. Theory of mind deficit in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2020;21.
  • 18. Tural Ü, Fidaner H, Alkın T, Bandelow B. Panik agorafobi ölçeği (PAÖ) Türkçe uyarlaması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2000;11.
  • 19. Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, et al. Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse Negl 2003;27:169-90.
  • 20. Sar V, Öztürk E, Ikikardes E. Cocukluk Cagi Ruhsal Travma Ölceginin Türkce Uyarlamasinin Gecerlilik ve Güvenilirligi/Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Türkiye Klinikleri Tip Bilimleri Dergisi 2012;32:1054.
  • 21. Rugancı RN, Gençöz T. Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2010;66:442-55.
  • 22. Kavcıoğlu F, Gençöz T. Psychometric characteristics of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in a Turkish sample: New suggestions. Unpublished raw data 2011.
  • 23. Stein MB, Walker JR, Anderson G, et al. Childhood physical and sexual abuse in patients with anxiety disorders and in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:275-7.
  • 24. Bryant RA, Panasetis P. Panic symptoms during trauma and acute stress disorder. Behaviour Research Therapy 2001;39:961-6.
  • 25. Bakım B, Karamustafalıoğlu O, Akpınar A, et al. Panik Bozukluk Hastalarında Çocukluk Çağı Travmatik Yaşantılarının Cinsel İşlev Üzerine Etkileri. Dusunen Adam: Journal of Psychiatry Neurological Sciences 2011;24.
  • 26. De Venter M, Van Den Eede F, Pattyn T, et al. Impact of childhood trauma on course of panic disorder: contribution of clinical and personality characteristics. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017;135:554-63.
  • 27. Örsel S, Karadag H, Kahilogullari AK, Aktas EA. Psikiyatri hastalarinda çocukluk çagi travmalarinin sikligi ve psikopatoloji ile iliskisi/The frequency of childhood trauma and relationship with psychopathology in psychiatric patients. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2011;12:130.
  • 28. Levitt JT, Brown TA, Orsillo SM, Barlow DH. The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior therapy 2004;35:747-66.
  • 29. Luby JL, Barch D, Whalen D, Tillman R, Belden A. Association Between Early Life Adversity and Risk for Poor Emotional and Physical Health in Adolescence: A Putative Mechanistic Neurodevelopmental Pathway. JAMA Pediatr 2017;171:1168-75.
  • 30. Burns EE, Jackson JL, Harding HG. Child maltreatment, emotion regulation, and posttraumatic stress: The impact of emotional abuse. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma 2010;19:801-19.
  • 31. Bilim GY, Yılmaz B. Çocukluk çağı örselenme yaşantıları: Duygu düzenleme, kişilerarası tarz ve genel psikolojik sağlık açısından bir inceleme: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı; 2012.
  • 32. Soenke M, Hahn KS, Tull MT, Gratz KL. Exploring the relationship between childhood abuse and analogue generalized anxiety disorder: The mediating role of emotion dysregulation. Cognitive Therapy Research 2010;34:401-12.
  • 33. Jennissen S, Holl J, Mai H, Wolff S, Barnow S. Emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between child maltreatment and psychopathology: A structural equation model. Child Abuse Negl 2016;62:51-62.

Panik bozukluğu olan hastalarda çocukluk çağı travması ile duygusal işlev bozukluğu arasındaki ilişki

Year 2020, Volume: 45 Issue: 4, 1587 - 1597, 27.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.742665

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmamızın birincil amacı panik bozukluğu hastalarında çocukluk çağı travmalarının varlığını saptamak, ikincil amacımız panik bozukluğu hastalarında duygusal işlev bozukluğunun varlığını tespit etmek ve üçüncü amacımız panik bozukluğu hastalarında çocukluk travması ile duygu işlev bozukluğu arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya, DSM-5 kriterlerine göre çalışma kriterlerini karşılayan 80 hasta ve rastgele seçilmiş benzer sosyo-demografik özelliklere sahip 80 sağlıklı birey dahil edildi. Katılımcılara Panik Agorafobi Ölçeği, Çocukluk Çağı Travma Ölçeği (CTQ-28) ve Duygu Düzenleme Zorluk Ölçeği (DERS) uygulandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 18-53 yaş arası 80 hasta grubu ve 19-61 yaş arası 80 kontrol grubu dahil toplam 160 olgu dahil edildi. Hasta grubunda Duygusal Düzenleme Zorluk Ölçeği (DERS) ve Farkındalık, Açıklık, Anlaşmazlık, Stratejiler, Dürtü ve Amaç alt ölçeklerinin toplam puanı kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu. CTQ skoru ≥35 olanların oranı hasta grubunda %47.5 ve kontrol grubunda %26.3 idi, bu da hasta grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Anlaşmazlık, Farkındalık, Amaç skorlarında yükselme hasta grubunda olmayı öngörmekte olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Etkilenen alanları hedefleyen farmakolojik ajanlar ve tedaviler ile çocukluk ve buna bağlı duygusal düzenleme güçlüklerinin panik bozukluğu hastaları üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri azaltılabilir. Tedavi başarısı ve yaşam kalitesi arttırılabilir.

References

  • REFERENCES 1. Turla A. Çocuk ihmali ve istismarı olgularında tıbbi yaklaşım. Ondakuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 2002;19:291-300.
  • 2. Brown GR, Anderson B. Psychiatric morbidity in adult inpatients with childhood histories of sexual and physical abuse. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:55-61.
  • 3. Walker CE, Bonner BL, Kaufman KL. The physically and sexually abused child: Evaluation and treatment: Pergamon Press; 1988.
  • 4. Oral R, Can D, Kaplan S, et al. Child abuse in Turkey: an experience in overcoming denial and a description of 50 cases. Child Abuse Negl 2001;25:279-90.
  • 5. Ulloa Flores RE, Navarro Machuca IG. Estudio descriptivo de la prevalencia y tipos de maltrato en adolescentes con psicopatología. Salud mental 2011;34:219-25.
  • 6. Yurdakök K, İnce O. Duygusal istismar ve ihmal. Katkı Pediatri Dergisi 2010;32:423-33.
  • 7. Jangam K, Muralidharan K, Tansa KA, Aravind Raj E, Bhowmick P. Incidence of childhood abuse among women with psychiatric disorders compared with healthy women: Data from a tertiary care centre in India. Child Abuse Negl 2015;50:67-75.
  • 8. Kılınçel O, Kılınçel Ş, Gündüz C, Cangür Ş, Akkaya C. Klozapinin Hızlı Döngülü Bipolar Afektif Bozuklukta Duygudurum Düzenleyicisi Olarak Rolü. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2019;30.
  • 9. Goodwin RD, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Childhood abuse and familial violence and the risk of panic attacks and panic disorder in young adulthood. Psychol Med 2005;35:881-90.
  • 10. Bonevski D, Novotni AJMp. Child abuse in panic disorder. 2008;61:169-72.
  • 11. Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of psychopathology behavioral assessment 2004;26:41-54.
  • 12. Berking M, Wupperman P. Emotion regulation and mental health: recent findings, current challenges, and future directions. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2012;25:128-34.
  • 13. Cisler JM, Olatunji BO, Feldner MT, Forsyth JP. Emotion Regulation and the Anxiety Disorders: An Integrative Review. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2010;32:68-82.
  • 14. Choi JY, Oh KJ. Cumulative childhood trauma and psychological maladjustment of sexually abused children in Korea: mediating effects of emotion regulation. Child Abuse Negl 2014;38:296-303.
  • 15. Demirkapı EŞ. Çocukluk çağı travmalarının duygu düzenleme ve kimlik gelişimine etkisi ve bunların psikopatolojiler ile ilişkisi: Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi; 2014.
  • 16. Huh HJ, Kim KH, Lee HK, Chae JH. The relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of adulthood depression and anxiety symptoms in a clinical sample: The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. J Affect Disord 2017;213:44-50.
  • 17. Kılınçel Ş, Vural AP, Kılınçel O. Theory of mind deficit in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2020;21.
  • 18. Tural Ü, Fidaner H, Alkın T, Bandelow B. Panik agorafobi ölçeği (PAÖ) Türkçe uyarlaması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2000;11.
  • 19. Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, et al. Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse Negl 2003;27:169-90.
  • 20. Sar V, Öztürk E, Ikikardes E. Cocukluk Cagi Ruhsal Travma Ölceginin Türkce Uyarlamasinin Gecerlilik ve Güvenilirligi/Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Türkiye Klinikleri Tip Bilimleri Dergisi 2012;32:1054.
  • 21. Rugancı RN, Gençöz T. Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2010;66:442-55.
  • 22. Kavcıoğlu F, Gençöz T. Psychometric characteristics of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in a Turkish sample: New suggestions. Unpublished raw data 2011.
  • 23. Stein MB, Walker JR, Anderson G, et al. Childhood physical and sexual abuse in patients with anxiety disorders and in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:275-7.
  • 24. Bryant RA, Panasetis P. Panic symptoms during trauma and acute stress disorder. Behaviour Research Therapy 2001;39:961-6.
  • 25. Bakım B, Karamustafalıoğlu O, Akpınar A, et al. Panik Bozukluk Hastalarında Çocukluk Çağı Travmatik Yaşantılarının Cinsel İşlev Üzerine Etkileri. Dusunen Adam: Journal of Psychiatry Neurological Sciences 2011;24.
  • 26. De Venter M, Van Den Eede F, Pattyn T, et al. Impact of childhood trauma on course of panic disorder: contribution of clinical and personality characteristics. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017;135:554-63.
  • 27. Örsel S, Karadag H, Kahilogullari AK, Aktas EA. Psikiyatri hastalarinda çocukluk çagi travmalarinin sikligi ve psikopatoloji ile iliskisi/The frequency of childhood trauma and relationship with psychopathology in psychiatric patients. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2011;12:130.
  • 28. Levitt JT, Brown TA, Orsillo SM, Barlow DH. The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior therapy 2004;35:747-66.
  • 29. Luby JL, Barch D, Whalen D, Tillman R, Belden A. Association Between Early Life Adversity and Risk for Poor Emotional and Physical Health in Adolescence: A Putative Mechanistic Neurodevelopmental Pathway. JAMA Pediatr 2017;171:1168-75.
  • 30. Burns EE, Jackson JL, Harding HG. Child maltreatment, emotion regulation, and posttraumatic stress: The impact of emotional abuse. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma 2010;19:801-19.
  • 31. Bilim GY, Yılmaz B. Çocukluk çağı örselenme yaşantıları: Duygu düzenleme, kişilerarası tarz ve genel psikolojik sağlık açısından bir inceleme: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı; 2012.
  • 32. Soenke M, Hahn KS, Tull MT, Gratz KL. Exploring the relationship between childhood abuse and analogue generalized anxiety disorder: The mediating role of emotion dysregulation. Cognitive Therapy Research 2010;34:401-12.
  • 33. Jennissen S, Holl J, Mai H, Wolff S, Barnow S. Emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between child maltreatment and psychopathology: A structural equation model. Child Abuse Negl 2016;62:51-62.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychiatry
Journal Section Research
Authors

Rukiye Ay 0000-0003-2854-5128

Oğuzhan Kılınçel 0000-0003-2988-4631

Publication Date December 27, 2020
Acceptance Date July 26, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 45 Issue: 4

Cite

MLA Ay, Rukiye and Oğuzhan Kılınçel. “Panik bozukluğu Olan Hastalarda çocukluk çağı Travması Ile Duygusal işlev bozukluğu arasındaki ilişki”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 45, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1587-9, doi:10.17826/cumj.742665.