Effects of sleep quality and insomnia severity on metabolic and anthropometric parameters in elderly individuals

Year 2023, Volume: 48 Issue: 3, 806 - 814, 30.09.2023

Burak Mete , Lezzan Keskin

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1309925

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of sleep quality and insomnia with metabolic/anthropometric parameters in elderly individuals.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 474 elderly individuals. Their fasting blood glucose, haemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, cortisol, C-reactive protein, weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass and body mass index were measured. Their sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and insomnia was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index.
Results: The mean age of the 474 elderly individuals included in the study was 71.02±4.90 years. Poor sleep quality prevalence was found to be 71.1% among the elderly participants and the prevalence of mild to moderate insomnia was 55.1%. The sleep quality score was positively correlated with the postprandial blood glucose level (r=0.121, p<0.01) and comorbidity index and negatively correlated with muscle mass (r=-0.203, p<0.001). Elderly individuals with poor sleep quality had higher postprandial blood glucose levels (p=0.032) and lower skeletal muscle mass levels (p<0.001). In the patients clinically diagnosed with insomnia, the postprandial blood glucose (p=0.019), haemoglobin A1c (p=0.040) and low-density lipoprotein levels were higher (p=0.034), while the muscle mass was lower (p<0.001). The factors that were found to increase the risk of insomnia were age (OR=1.06), being female (OR=2.08) and increased comorbidity burden (OR=1.32) and the factors that were found to increase the risk of poor sleep quality were being female (OR=2.43), lack of exercise (OR=1.95), poor diet (OR=1.85), age (OR=1.05) and increased comorbidity burden (OR=1.17).
Conclusion: Poor sleep quality and insomnia in elderly individuals were found to be associated with high blood glucose levels and low muscle mass levels. Regular exercise and a diet can help reduce sleep problems in elderly individuals.

Keywords

sleep, blood glucose, cholesterol

Uyku kalitesinin ve uykusuzluk şiddetinin yaşlı bireylerde metabolik ve antropometrik parametreler üzerindeki etkileri

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma yaşlı bireylerde uyku kalitesi ve uykusuzluğun metabolik ve antropometrik parametrelerle ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma 474 yaşlı birey ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Açlık kan şekeri, hemoglobin A1c, toplam kolesterol, trigliserid, düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein, yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein, kortizol, C-reaktif protein, ağırlık, bel çevresi, bel-kalça oranı, iskelet kas kütlesi, vücut yağı kütlesi ve vücut kitle indeksi ölçülmüştür. Uyku kalitesi Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi ve uykusuzluk İnsomnia Şiddet İndeksi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 474 yaşlı bireyin ortalama yaşı 71,02±4,90 yıldır. Yaşlı katılımcılar arasında kötü uyku kalitesi prevalansı %71,1 hafif ve orta derecede uykusuzluk prevalansı %55,1’dir. Uyku kalitesi skoru, postprandiyal kan şekeri düzeyi ve komorbidite indeksi ile pozitif korelasyon (r=0.121, p<0.01) ve kas kütlesi ile negatif korelasyon (r=-0.203, p<0.001) göstermektedir. Uyku kalitesi düşük olan yaşlı bireylerin postprandiyal kan şekeri düzeyleri daha yüksek(p=0.032), iskelet kas kütlesi ise daha düşüktür(p<0.001). Klinik olarak uykusuzluk tanısı konulan hastalarda postprandiyal kan şekeri(p=0.019), hemoglobin A1c (p=0.040) ve düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein düzeyleri daha yüksekken (p=0.034) kas kütlesi daha düşüktür(p<0.001). Uykusuzluk riskini artıran faktörler yaş (OR=1.06), kadın olmak (OR=2.08) ve artmış komorbidite yükü (OR=1.32) iken, uyku kalitesinin bozuk olma riskini artıran faktörler kadın olmak(OR=2.43), egzersiz eksikliği (OR=1.95), kötü beslenme (OR=1.85), yaş (OR=1.05) ve artmış komorbidite yükü (OR=1.17) olarak bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Yaşlı bireylerde uykusuzluğun ve uyku kalitesinin düşük olmasının yüksek kan şekeri düzeyleri ve düşük kas kütlesi düzeyleri ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Düzenli egzersiz ve diyet yaşlı bireylerde uyku sorunlarını azaltmaya yardımcı olabilir.

Keywords

uyku, kan şekeri, kolestrol

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