Antimicrobial activities and enzyme inhibition effects of Nepeta species

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 06.07.2024

Semiha Yenigün , Tevfik Ozen , Yunus Başar , Yasar Ipek , Mesut Gök , Lütfi Behçet , İbrahim Demirtas

https://doi.org/10.38093/cupmap.1413835

Abstract

Various Nepeta species, widely used among the public, have valuable phytochemical contents and clinical and biological activities. For this reason, our study examined the enzyme inhibition and antibacterial properties of methanol: chloroform (1:1) extracts of six Nepeta species. N. aristata showed a higher inhibitory effect than the standard drug on seven of the eight enzymes studied. N. baytopii had a high inhibition effect on urease and lipase. It was determined that N. italica inhibited other enzymes except for urease, CA, and lipase. In addition, BChE is also the only effective plant. N. nuda subsp. albiflora has a high effect on inhibiting urease, AChE, and lipase. N. stenantha and N. trachonitica also showed inhibition effects on urease, AChE, and tyrosinase. In the disc diffusion method of antibacterial activity, extracts against B. cereus had antibacterial activity. The antimicrobial activity of N. aristata extract was effective against P. aerugonisa and K. pneumoniae. Additionally, when looking at the minimum inhibition concentration method of antibacterial activity, Nepeta extracts were effective against most bacteria. This research determined Nepeta extracts are effective natural products with antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities.

Keywords

Nepeta species, bioactivity, enzyme inhibition activity, antibacterial activity

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK

Project Number

119Z442

Thanks

TUBITAK supported this study under grant number 119Z442. We acknowledge the valuable contributions of Dr. Mehmet Nuri ATALAR and Dr. Fatih GUL from the Science and Technology Application and Research Center at Iğdır University.

References

• Acquaviva, A., Di Simone, S. C., Nilofar, Bouyahya, A., Zengin, G., Recinella, L., Leone, S., Brunetti, L., Uba, A. I., & Guler, O. (2023). Screening for Chemical Characterization and Pharmacological Properties of Different Extracts from Nepeta italica. Plants, 12(15), 2785. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12152785
• 2. 2. Addar, L., Bensouici, C., Zennia, S. S. A., Haroun, S. B., & Mati, A. (2019). Antioxidant, tyrosinase and urease inhibitory activities of camel αS-casein and its hydrolysate fractions. Small Ruminant Research, 173, 30-35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.01.015
• 3. Ahmad, I., Irfan, S., Dera, A. A., Zaman, G. S., Chandramoorthy, H. C., Mir, M. A., & Rajagopalan, P. (2020). GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract from areal parts of Nepeta deflersiana and its anticancer and antimicrobial efficacies. Biologia, 1-12. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-020-00473-3
• 4. Akdeniz, M., Ertas, A., Yener, I., Firat, M., & Kolak, U. (2020). Phytochemical and biological investigations on two Nepeta species: Nepeta heliotropifolia and N. congesta subsp. cryptantha. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44(2), e13124. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13124
• 5. Alkahtani, J., Asma, A., Adil, M., Rashid, A., Dawoud, T. M., Alsofi, A. A., Gawwad, M. R. A., & Elshaer, M. (2022). Phytochemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Potential of Medicinal Plant Nepeta distans Royle ex Benth. Journal of Food Quality, 2022.
• 6. Andrews, J. M. (2001). Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48(suppl_1), 5-16. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkf083
• 7. Başar, Y., Yenigün, S., İpek, Y., Behçet, L., Gül, F., Özen, T., & Demirtaş, İ. (2023). DNA protection, molecular docking, enzyme inhibition and enzyme kinetic studies of 1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid isolated from Nepeta aristata with bio-guided fractionation. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1-14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2023.2250461
• 8. Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiyede bitkiler ile tedavi. İstanbul Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları, İstanbul, 444.
• 9. Chanda, J., Mukherjee, P. K., Biswas, R., Biswas, S., Tiwari, A. K., & Pargaonkar, A. (2019). UPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis of a carbonic anhydrase‐inhibiting extract and fractions of Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb (ridge gourd). Phytochemical Analysis, 30(2), 148-155. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2800
• 10. Copeland, R. (2005). Evaluation of enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery: A guide to chemists and pharmacologists. Hoboken. In: New Jersey, USA: Wiley-Interscience.
• 11. Ellman, G. L., Courtney, K. D., Andres Jr, V., & Featherstone, R. M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7(2), 88-95. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
• 12. Fareed, G., Afza, N., Mali, A., Fareed, N., Lateef, M., Iqbal, L., & Mughal, U. (2013). Phytochemical screening, total phenolic contents and biological evaluation of aerial parts of Nepeta praetervisa. Journal of The Chemical Society of Pakistan, 35, 1364-1368.
• 13. Hedge, I., & Lamond, J. (1982). Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. Salvia L, 7, 400-461.
• 14. Kazemi, M., Dadkhah, A., Abdolhoseini, S., Javidfar, F., & Barzkar, A. (2016). Essential Oil Constituents of Three Nepeta Species from Iran: Nepeta monocephala, N. prostrata, and N. stenantha. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 52(6), 1102-1103. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-016-1874-2
• 15. Köksal, E., Tohma, H., Kılıç, Ö., Alan, Y., Aras, A., Gülçin, I., & Bursal, E. (2017). Assessment of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Nepeta trachonitica: analysis of its phenolic compounds using HPLC-MS/MS. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 85(2), 24. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm85020024
• 16. Mayur, B., Sandesh, S., Shruti, S., & Sung-Yum, S. (2010). Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties of Carpesium abrotanoides L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(15), 1547-1553. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR.9000218
• 17. Moreno, M. a. I. N., Isla, M. a. I., Sampietro, A. R., & Vattuone, M. A. (2000). Comparison of the free radical-scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 109-114. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00189-0
• 18. Reller, L. B., Weinstein, M., Jorgensen, J. H., & Ferraro, M. J. (2009). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a review of general principles and contemporary practices. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 49(11), 1749-1755. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1086/647952
• 19. Roh, C., & Jung, U. (2012). Nepeta japonica Maximowicz extract from natural products inhibits lipid accumulation. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture, 92(10), 2195-2199. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5608
• 20. Sarikurkcu, C., Eskici, M., Karanfil, A., & Tepe, B. (2019). Phenolic profile, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of two endemic Nepeta species: Nepeta nuda subsp. glandulifera and N. cadmea. South African Journal of Botany, 120, 298-301. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.09.008
• 21. Sharma, A., Cooper, R., Bhardwaj, G., & Cannoo, D. S. (2021). The genus Nepeta: Traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 268, 113679. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113679
• 22. Trentin, R., Custódio, L., Rodrigues, M. J., Moschin, E., Sciuto, K., da Silva, J. P., & Moro, I. (2020). Exploring Ulva australis Areschoug for possible biotechnological applications: In vitro antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitory properties, and fatty acids contents. Algal Research, 50, 101980. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.101980
• 23. Yang, X.-W., Huang, M.-Z., Jin, Y.-S., Sun, L.-N., Song, Y., & Chen, H.-S. (2012). Phenolics from Bidens bipinnata and their amylase inhibitory properties. Fitoterapia, 83(7), 1169-1175. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2012.07.005
• 24. Yenigun, S., Ipek, Y., Marah, S., Demirtas, I., & Ozen, T. (2024). DNA protection, molecular docking, antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibition, and enzyme kinetic studies for parietin, isolated from Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 42(2), 848-862. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2023.2196693
• 25. Yenigün, S., Başar, Y., İpek, Y., Behçet, L., Özen, T., & Demirtaş, İ. (2023). Determination of antioxidant, DNA protection, enzyme inhibition potential and molecular docking studies of a biomarker ursolic acid in Nepeta species. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1-18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2023.2229440
• 26. Zengin, G., Mahomoodally, M. F., Aktumsek, A., Jekő, J., Cziáky, Z., Rodrigues, M. J., Custodio, L., Polat, R., Cakilcioglu, U., & Ayna, A. (2021). Chemical Profiling and Biological Evaluation of Nepeta baytopii Extracts and Essential Oil: An Endemic Plant from Turkey. Plants, 10(6), 1176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061176
• 27. Zhang, L., Mulrooney, S. B., Leung, A. F., Zeng, Y., Ko, B. B., Hausinger, R. P., & Sun, H. (2006). Inhibition of urease by bismuth (III): implications for the mechanism of action of bismuth drugs. Biometals, 19(5), 503-511. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-005-5449-0