Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis
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Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 29.10.2021

Abstract

References

  • Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. Journal of Medical Virology 2020; 92: 401–402.
  • WHO. Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus2019/technicalguidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
  • World Health Organization: Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Geneva, WHO. 16-24 February , 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-COVID-19-final-report.pdf
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 2020; 395: 497–506.
  • Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine 2020; 382: 1708–1720.
  • Araç S, Özel M. A new parameter for predict the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: The direct/total bilirubin ratio. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2021; 75: e14557.
  • COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 (NG188): Evidence review 5: interventions. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); 2020 Dec. (NICE Guideline, No. 188.) Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567264/
  • Key Points | Evaluating and Caring for Patients with Post-COVID Conditions | CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/post-covid-index.html (accessed 20 October 2021).
  • Banda JM, Singh GV, Alser OH, et al. Long-term patient-reported symptoms of COVID-19: an analysis of social media data. medRxiv 2020; 2020.07.29.20164418.
  • Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F, et al. Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19. JAMA 2020; 324: 603–605.
  • Nehme M, Braillard O, Alcoba G, et al. COVID-19 Symptoms: Longitudinal Evolution and Persistence in Outpatient Settings. Annals of internal medicine 2021; 174: 723–725.
  • Mehta P, Parikh P, Aggarwal S, et al. Has India met this enemy before? From an eternal optimist's perspective: SARS-CoV-2. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 2020; 72: 8–12.
  • Tenforde MW, Kim SS, Lindsell CJ, et al; IVY Network Investigators; CDC COVID-19 Response Team; IVY Network Investigators. Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network - United States, March-June 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jul 31;69(30):993-998. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1.
  • Fenton AM, Hammill SC, Rea RF, Low PA, Shen WK. Vasovagal syncope. Ann Intern Med. 2000 Nov 7;133(9):714-25. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00014
  • Fedorowski A. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: clinical presentation, aetiology and management. Journal of Internal Medicine 2019; 285: 352–366.
  • Barbic F, Heusser K, Minonzio M, et al. Effects of Prolonged Head-Down Bed Rest on Cardiac and Vascular Baroreceptor Modulation and Orthostatic Tolerance in Healthy Individuals. Frontiers in Physiology 2019; 0: 1061.
  • Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Martini L, et al. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: The Persistent Symptoms at the Post-viral Stage of the Disease. A Systematic Review of the Current Data. Frontiers in Medicine 2021; 0:392.
  • Alarcón-Rodríguez J, Fernández-Velilla M, Ureña-Vacas A, et al. Radiological management and follow-up of post-COVID-19 patients. Radiologia (Engl Ed). 2021 May-Jun;63(3):258-269. doi: 10.1016/j.rx.2021.02.003
  • Negrini F, Ferrario I, Mazziotti D, et al. Neuropsychological Features of Severe Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients at Clinical Stability and Clues for Postacute Rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Jan;102(1):155-158. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.09.376..
  • Guedj E, Million M, Dudouet P, et al. 18 F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in post-SARS-CoV-2 infection: substrate for persistent/delayed disorders? European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 2021; 48: 592–595.
  • Hopkins C, Surda P, Whitehead E, Kumar BN. Early recovery following new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic - an observational cohort study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 May 4;49(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s40463-020-00423-8.
  • Araç S, Dönmezdil S. Investigation of mental health among hospital workers in the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2020 Sep-Oct;138(5):433-440. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0272.R3.21072020.
  • Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C,et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain, behavior, and immunity 2020; 89: 594–600.
  • Zampogna E, Paneroni M, Belli S, et al. Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients Recovering from COVID-19. Respiration. 2021;100(5):416-422. doi: 10.1159/000514387.
  • Everaerts S, Heyns A, Langer D, et al COVID-19 recovery: benefits of multidisciplinary respiratory rehabilitation. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2021 Sep;8(1):e000837. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000837.
  • Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, et al. ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis: JTH 2020; 18: 1023–1026.
  • Xiong Q, Xu M, Li J, et al. Clinical sequelae of COVID-19 survivors in Wuhan, China: a single-centre longitudinal study. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2021; 27:89–95.
  • Halpin SJ, McIvor C, Whyatt G,et al. Postdischarge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional evaluation. Journal of medical virology 2021; 93: 1013–1022.
  • Morin L, Savale L, Pham T, et al. Four-Month Clinical Status of a Cohort of Patients After Hospitalization for COVID-19. JAMA 2021; 325: 1525–1534.
  • Mandal S, Barnett J, Brill SE, et al. ‘Long-COVID’: a cross-sectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19. Thorax 2021; 76: 396–398.
  • Townsend L, Dyer AH, Jones K, et al. Persistent fatigue following SARS-CoV-2 infection is common and independent of severity of initial infection. PLOS ONE 2020; 15: e0240784.
  • Del Brutto OH, Wu S, Mera RM, et al. Cognitive decline among individuals with history of mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A longitudinal prospective study nested to a population cohort. European journal of neurology 2021; 28: 3245–3253.
  • Wong AW, Shah AS, Johnston JC, et al. Patient-reported outcome measures after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. European Respiratory Journal; 56. Epub ahead of print 1 November 2020. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03276-2020.

Evaluation Of Post-Covid-19 Patients In Terms Of Internal Medicine Practice

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 29.10.2021

Abstract

COVID-19 can primarily involve the lung, causing multi-organ failure and ultimately death. Acute respiratory complications result in prolonged ICU stay, and this is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. For this reasons, the diagnosis and treatment of chronic changes and sequelae caused by the virus in the lungs and other organs in people with severe disease will be important in terms of controls after discharge.
According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline, the period we call the post-COVID-19 period was defined as the persistence of symptoms and signs after COVID-19 infection for more than 12 weeks and the exclusion of other causes that would explain this situation. In addition, the continuation or re-emergence of symptoms and signs after acute COVID-19 infection was defined as long-COVID. This period includes the prolonged symptomatic period and the post-COVID period. The most commonly reported post-COVID-19 symptoms are fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, arthralgia and chest pain.
COVID-19 disease can have some physical and psychological effects on patients even after the acute symptoms has resolved. Therefore, it would be beneficial to carry out the post-COVID situation, which requires a multidisciplinary approach, under the coordination and responsibility of an internal medicine specialist. In order for post-COVID patients to be followed up regularly and necessary precautions to be taken early, special COVID-19 follow-up outpatient clinics should be established for these patients.

References

  • Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. Journal of Medical Virology 2020; 92: 401–402.
  • WHO. Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus2019/technicalguidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
  • World Health Organization: Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Geneva, WHO. 16-24 February , 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-COVID-19-final-report.pdf
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 2020; 395: 497–506.
  • Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine 2020; 382: 1708–1720.
  • Araç S, Özel M. A new parameter for predict the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: The direct/total bilirubin ratio. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2021; 75: e14557.
  • COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 (NG188): Evidence review 5: interventions. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); 2020 Dec. (NICE Guideline, No. 188.) Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567264/
  • Key Points | Evaluating and Caring for Patients with Post-COVID Conditions | CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/post-covid-index.html (accessed 20 October 2021).
  • Banda JM, Singh GV, Alser OH, et al. Long-term patient-reported symptoms of COVID-19: an analysis of social media data. medRxiv 2020; 2020.07.29.20164418.
  • Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F, et al. Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19. JAMA 2020; 324: 603–605.
  • Nehme M, Braillard O, Alcoba G, et al. COVID-19 Symptoms: Longitudinal Evolution and Persistence in Outpatient Settings. Annals of internal medicine 2021; 174: 723–725.
  • Mehta P, Parikh P, Aggarwal S, et al. Has India met this enemy before? From an eternal optimist's perspective: SARS-CoV-2. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 2020; 72: 8–12.
  • Tenforde MW, Kim SS, Lindsell CJ, et al; IVY Network Investigators; CDC COVID-19 Response Team; IVY Network Investigators. Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network - United States, March-June 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jul 31;69(30):993-998. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1.
  • Fenton AM, Hammill SC, Rea RF, Low PA, Shen WK. Vasovagal syncope. Ann Intern Med. 2000 Nov 7;133(9):714-25. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00014
  • Fedorowski A. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: clinical presentation, aetiology and management. Journal of Internal Medicine 2019; 285: 352–366.
  • Barbic F, Heusser K, Minonzio M, et al. Effects of Prolonged Head-Down Bed Rest on Cardiac and Vascular Baroreceptor Modulation and Orthostatic Tolerance in Healthy Individuals. Frontiers in Physiology 2019; 0: 1061.
  • Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Martini L, et al. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: The Persistent Symptoms at the Post-viral Stage of the Disease. A Systematic Review of the Current Data. Frontiers in Medicine 2021; 0:392.
  • Alarcón-Rodríguez J, Fernández-Velilla M, Ureña-Vacas A, et al. Radiological management and follow-up of post-COVID-19 patients. Radiologia (Engl Ed). 2021 May-Jun;63(3):258-269. doi: 10.1016/j.rx.2021.02.003
  • Negrini F, Ferrario I, Mazziotti D, et al. Neuropsychological Features of Severe Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients at Clinical Stability and Clues for Postacute Rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Jan;102(1):155-158. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.09.376..
  • Guedj E, Million M, Dudouet P, et al. 18 F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in post-SARS-CoV-2 infection: substrate for persistent/delayed disorders? European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 2021; 48: 592–595.
  • Hopkins C, Surda P, Whitehead E, Kumar BN. Early recovery following new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic - an observational cohort study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 May 4;49(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s40463-020-00423-8.
  • Araç S, Dönmezdil S. Investigation of mental health among hospital workers in the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2020 Sep-Oct;138(5):433-440. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0272.R3.21072020.
  • Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C,et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain, behavior, and immunity 2020; 89: 594–600.
  • Zampogna E, Paneroni M, Belli S, et al. Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients Recovering from COVID-19. Respiration. 2021;100(5):416-422. doi: 10.1159/000514387.
  • Everaerts S, Heyns A, Langer D, et al COVID-19 recovery: benefits of multidisciplinary respiratory rehabilitation. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2021 Sep;8(1):e000837. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000837.
  • Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, et al. ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis: JTH 2020; 18: 1023–1026.
  • Xiong Q, Xu M, Li J, et al. Clinical sequelae of COVID-19 survivors in Wuhan, China: a single-centre longitudinal study. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2021; 27:89–95.
  • Halpin SJ, McIvor C, Whyatt G,et al. Postdischarge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional evaluation. Journal of medical virology 2021; 93: 1013–1022.
  • Morin L, Savale L, Pham T, et al. Four-Month Clinical Status of a Cohort of Patients After Hospitalization for COVID-19. JAMA 2021; 325: 1525–1534.
  • Mandal S, Barnett J, Brill SE, et al. ‘Long-COVID’: a cross-sectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19. Thorax 2021; 76: 396–398.
  • Townsend L, Dyer AH, Jones K, et al. Persistent fatigue following SARS-CoV-2 infection is common and independent of severity of initial infection. PLOS ONE 2020; 15: e0240784.
  • Del Brutto OH, Wu S, Mera RM, et al. Cognitive decline among individuals with history of mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A longitudinal prospective study nested to a population cohort. European journal of neurology 2021; 28: 3245–3253.
  • Wong AW, Shah AS, Johnston JC, et al. Patient-reported outcome measures after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. European Respiratory Journal; 56. Epub ahead of print 1 November 2020. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03276-2020.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Eşref Araç 0000-0001-6041-3817

İmge Bortay Tekin 0000-0001-5715-6418

Mustafa Çetin 0000-0002-7675-8112

Publication Date October 29, 2021
Submission Date October 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Araç E, Bortay Tekin İ, Çetin M (October 1, 2021) Evaluation Of Post-Covid-19 Patients In Terms Of Internal Medicine Practice. DAHUDER Medical Journal 1 1 1–6.



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